Ngubani satrap? Meaning of izwi. Ubani endulo ngokuthi izikhulu?

Manje neze ubani wezwa othile ngokuthi i satrap, nokuhlangenwe nakho okwesabeka kangakanani. Cishe, abantu bazothini izenzo ezimbi umuntu, asilahle. Kodwa kunezikhathi lapho inesifiso abe satrap, ukuhlonipha ke njengoba lodumo olukhulu. Wayengubani satrap? Lisho ukuthini leli gama manje, futhi lokho kwakusho ukuthini ngaphambi?

I etymology kwegama elithi

Umsuka wegama elithi "satrap" has ukutolika eziningana. Ngo lwesiGreki sakuqala, kancane sihluke esimanje «σατράπης» - lena umuntu othile onothileyo, umbusi umbusi wasePheresiya. Kuyini ukwazi, eGreece manje abanye abazali nikela amadodana abo igama Satrapis. Kanjalo izwi ngolimi Iranian. Kukhona-ke kuzwakala khshatrapâ. I lasendulo namaPheresiya xšaθrapāvan (kshathrapavan) linamagama ezimbili - «kshathra», okusho ukuthi umbuso, futhi «pavan», okusho wasemuva ... It kuvela, a satrap e Old - welungelo umbuso. Kukhona elinye incazelo olungavamile, yini igama elithi "satrap". impande-Sanskrit "wahlala" - lokhu nenhlalakahle, umzimba yonke, khona, futhi ngomqondo obanzi - iqiniso, ukukhanya, ukuthi kusukela lapho ukuphila lithuthuka. "Ra" - kuyasiza. Kulokhu, Sat-Ra-P uzobe ngokuhunyushwa ngokuthi "iqiniso ukukhanya yokubhudulwa".

Izikhulu ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu

Ukuphendula umbuzo ngobani satrap, kudingeka ucabange emuva wasePheresiya yasendulo. Lesi simo kanye enamandla kakhulu manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Iran. On the 558 th 330 ngonyaka th BC, izwe lalibuswa Achaemenids. Ziyakwazi Okwaphawuleka for militancy yabo, ngokuvamile ehlaselwa uthi angomakhelwane kanye wakwazi ukunqoba iningi labo. Abezindaba, uLidiya, Bactria, eNubia, Colchis, yaseThrace, nabanye abaningi baba ingxenye eMbusweni WasePheresiya. Yiqiniso, uphathe elikhulu endaweni lowo muntu, ngisho nabantu abanamandla kakhulu, kwakunzima. Ngakho-ke, uDariyu I, owayebusa ngaleso sikhathi, wasungula kulendlela lensha yekubusa. Yonke indawo yezwe, lapho ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda - satrapies, ngamunye eye ngokuphelele ukuba ikhokhe kuye inkokhiso. , Wengamela ukuqoqwa intela futhi zigcine ukuhleleka endaweni abaziphathisiwe ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu. Kuyacaca ukuthi babengabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu, owokuqala ngemva kwenkosi.

Amalungelo nemisebenzi ye ababusi bezifunda

Iba satrap ngalezo zinsuku kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso umusa omkhulu futhi yimpumelelo enkulu. Mina oqokelwe kulesi sikhundla mathupha, uDariyu I, ngokukhetha candidate abantu abavela phakathi ezihlotsheni zawo noma amalungu omndeni yezikhulu enkantolo. Ekhethiwe ukubonga nonkulunkulu kuze kube ukuthi, njengokuba yena manje kombusi bakhe basilalele ngokoqobo konke esisebentini wokugcina esemthethweni eliphakeme. Satrap elawulwa ukuqoqwa izintela, ukuqapha okuqukethwe impi, ijaji ophakeme wakhuluma, okungukuthi wayenalo ilungelo ajezise futhi baxolelwe. Waze ayengakwenza kwenziwe izinhlamvu. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ezindabeni zangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle satrapies inkosi akazange angenele, ngisho nethuba ukulwa nomunye, siyakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi iyona satrap, futhi ungubani ukuba izikhonzi zayo. Into kuphela ukuthi kungagcini amandla lakhe - amakhanda bobukhosi, kuncike kuphela enkosini. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa izikhulu ungazami ukufuna ukuzimela egcwele satrapies yayo. Ekusebenteni, ukuphathwa amakhanda babikela Tsar ababusi bezifunda, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, ikhanda ubuholi. Yafika-ke inkosi imisebenzi egadiwe nabanye.

Kombusi ngaphansi isisindo impango nokuhuheka babulawa

Intela eyayifunwa nangokuthi uDariyu I, yini umthwalo osindayo yawela emahlombe izizwe yanqotshwa. evundile zona alunikeza izikhulu zasePheresiya, okuyinto ayikho intela isikhokhiwe. Bonke abanye kwadingeka ukuba njalo ukunikeza inkosi imali ngokuqinile fixed, ibalwe ngokwendlela wenzalo ukubaluleka izwe labo. Intela ekhokhwa ngisho amasonto. Kamuva saqala ukuqoqa intela zesiliva. inombolo sakhe siphindze ngokuqinile eqoshiwe. Labo babusi bezifunda kabani indawo kwakungekho ezimayini esiliva, kwakudingeka bathenge ensimbini eyigugu. Nale ngokuziphatha izindaba isimo ngokuvamile yanqoba avukela. Lo mbhikisho eziphawuleka kakhulu wathatha indawo 373 BC, lapho inkosi zawaphumela ezindaweni eziningana. Bakhandwa kusekelwa abaseGibhithe nakumaGreki. Aritahishashita II, ngakwesokudla bese yasePheresiya, wakwazi ekunciphiseni ukuhlubuka kuphela unyaka 359. Lokhu elingokomlando uchaza kahle ukuthi satrap, futhi amandla enkulu possessed abantu kulesi sikhundla.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke satrap Persian

Manje kukhona iyunithi abazi ubani satrap Harpagos. Kodwa lokhu umbusi wokuqala wenkosi, zazo kunobufakazi obubhalwe phansi. Lo muntu wabhala uHerodotus, igama lakhe ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso yezinganekwane, bathi futhi indaba yakhe waba yesayensi uchungechunge izindaba nguPawulu Anders "patrol isikhathi". Harpagos, e inkonzo Astyages yinkosi, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli ukubulala amadodana asanda kuzalwa of Mandana, indodakazi yenkosi yamaMede. I-Oracle yabikezela nokuthi lo lomntwana wayezoba umbusi ezweni, futhi Astyages wazama phikisana ukudalelwa. Harpagos, engasafuni uqobo enze kwezinsana, wanika izinyane umalusi okuthiwa Mithridates. Waletha ekhaya. Mithridates unkosikazi nje wabeletha umntwana file lowo itshalwe esikhundleni senkosi isikhulu ngakuthatha. Dead ingane Mithridates wathatha Harpagos, ngubani zabika enkosini phezu ukuqaliswa kwe-oda. Ngakho, umntwana, kamuva uKoresi Omkhulu, wayesaphila. Kamuva, Astyages efundile inkohliso futhi njengoba isijeziso sokungalaleli fed Harpagos inyama indodana yakhe siqu. Harpagos yokuziphindiselela nesihluku ngokuholela ekuhlubukeni inkosi futhi ususe kuye livela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Okunye ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu abadumile

Enye satrap, ngubani washiya uphawu abalulekile emlandweni - Orontes I. Mayelana kuye wabhala UPlutarch, Demosthenes, kaDiodorus nabanye. Orontes ngineminyaka engu satrap i-Armenia. Usivezele abantu ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuvukela inkosi, wafuna kutimela Armenia, alwa nenkosi saseKhupro. Igama lakhe kwakungu komfula, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi Typhon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Orontes Orontes II kakhokho bomdabu, kusukela okuzelwe Orontidov e-Armenia.

Yokugcoba wayesalokhu satrap owabusa laseKhilikhiya, Syria, amazwe ase-Israyeli naseLebanon. Kamuva e kombusi yakhe yayilokhu izidlela nje eMakedoniya. Lapho namaPheresiya enqobe Aleksandr Makedonsky, yokugcoba kwaba satrap yaseBhabhiloni. Wasinika Roma emzini ngaphandle kokulwa, okuyiwona yayingekhona nje wahlala khona izikhundla ezifanayo, kodwa futhi etholakele Aleksandra Makedonskogo zemvume yokunyathelisa zemali ayo, okuyinto baye bancishwa ezinye izikhulu. Okwakushiwo manje ngezinye izikhathi esichazwa ngokuthi ababusi uthi okuncike kuleli zwe esinamandla kakhudlwana.

Ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu tsarist Russia

Ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu endulo ngokuthi londolozi isimo. Kancane kancane izwi usuphenduke into efanayo. Cishe, by Isifaniso nge nababusi bobukhosi Persian lasendulo, waklebhula off abantu intela, naphezu ukuncengwa noma izinyembezi, ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu bacela abathelisi eRussia tsarist. Kamuva leli gama lasebenza kuwo wonke abaqavile emphakathini, nababusi, nezinduna, imagebhugebhu. Omunye wabo - Arakcheev. Wehlela emlandweni njengenhlangano Umkhuzi abangenasihe kakhulu, ukuba ahlukumeze amasosha sokuprakthiza, Fruntov futhi kuhlawuliswa ngekushaywa. Kwakukhona ngisho unya entsha elithi - Arakcheyev. Ngo wasePheresiya yasendulo, njengoba akuzona zonke izikhulu ezahlukene zenzisa ilungele isimo esithile. Kunobufakazi, njengoba ukubulawa King uDariyu wesithathu. Wayengumuntu satrap yase-Armenia, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kwakungekho muntu owayekhulula ukuthatha izintambo yezwe leBhodi, wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi yasebukhosini. Ngokusebenzisa akuphelele iminyaka 6 wayekade ekhashelwa futhi babulawa ngesihluku ezinye izikhulu. Njengoba ihlelwe ugobe, bona yambamba uDariyu wesithathu ka, inflicted eziningi amanxeba imikhonto ziyafa endleleni. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi umholi we bakhi okuthiwa Bess.

ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu yesimanjemanje

Ngemva abaphathi abangenasihe Tsarist Russia ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu wabiza amaBolshevik ababenza ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu ngokumelene izakhamuzi abacebile, owadubula asebukhosini, ngisho nezingane. ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu ebizwa Stalin, Beria, uHitler, bonke labo sizibophezele futhi zenza ubugebengu obenziwa esintwini. Leli gama lisetshenziswe izincwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, muva nje kwakukhona inoveli entsha lesibonwa Y. Udovenko "ababusi bezifunda abayikhulu uSathane," lapho umbhali uchaza izenzakalo zenzeka ngempela ukufihla amacala ahlukahlukene izikhulu ezikhohlakele eRussia, owawuhlala izikhundla eliphakeme kahle kwemandla embuso. Enye incwadi - "Ndodana satrap" - eyabhalwa Anri Truayya. ngesakhiwo sayo sisekelwe phezu Umlando wombhali yobuntwana.