Vera Voloshin - feat "Ntombazane nge gwedla." Hero Russia Vera Danilovna Voloshina

Yini eyayenza lesi feat Vera Voloshin? Ukuthi ungubani? Le mibuzo kanye neminye izophendulwa esihlokweni. Ukholo kwaba iRed Army kwesimo endaweni futhi ukuketula kwakwakhe okwakungokwenkosi yindlunkulu Western Front. Le ntombazane yasala dengwane, ngo-1941 ezingemuva isiJalimane, futhi kuyinto Hero we Russian Federation (1944).

biography

Feat Vera Voloshina yaziwe abantu abaningi. Wazalelwa 1919, ngo-September 30, edolobhaneni Scheglovskaya (manje - eKemerovo muzi) ngamahhashi-Tom Parish Kuznetsk wesifunda esifundazweni saseTomsk eRussia, e umndeni kathisha wokumba. Lapho eqala ukuya esikoleni, parallel eyingoduso kwezemidlalo: athletics futhi yokuzivocavoca. Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, wayethola ubuqhawe e gxuma eliphezulu.

Amabili umqhubi Yuri kwaba umngane wakhe omkhulu futhi ayefunda naye esikoleni. Lapho Vera iziqu emakilasini eyishumi, ngase wathuthela eMoscow. Ngo-1936 yena wangeniswa Central State Institute of Sekutivocavoca. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wabhalisela ku Moscow Aero Club, lapho waqala ukufunda ukuze Skydive futhi yingcweti ukuzanywa izindiza mina-153 "Chaika". futhi sina wathatha isithakazelo esikhulu imidwebo, izinkondlo kanye sigameko. Ngo-1936, wabhala isitatimende lapho wazwakalisa isifiso ayo ukuba ahlanganyele empini yombango eyaqala ngo-Spain. Wenqaba.

Artist umqophi I. D. Shadr ngo-1935 atholwe oda isimo ukwenziwa uchungechunge ukubaza sokuzilibazisa namasiko epaki yaqanjwa Maxim Gorky, ngaleso sikhathi owawuseJudiya eMoscow. Waya ezemidlalo Institute of echibini lapho bathandile umfundi Voloshin. Iqembu labafundi amabili phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Ukholo, kwaba ngo-workshop ye-umqophi.

Njengoba lizungezwe izwe emithonjeni emnyango eyinhloko Central Park has isithombe 'The Girl nge gwedla "- umfuziselo of the Faith. ukufana ezingenakubalwa imisebenzi yobuciko Kamuva ukufakwa yonke amapaki Union. Ngokusho neminye imininingwane, kuyinto legend. Ngo Shadr ngempela wenza inguqulo yokuqala esifanekisweni kule minyaka 1934-1935, lapho Vera wayeneminyaka engamashumi 15-16 ubudala, ngakho ke ngeke akwazi ukuba umfundi, ngaphothula esikoleni esiphakeme.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nguqulo ye esifanekisweni yesibili senziwe ngemuva sokugxekwa kweminye imihlobo, nande umsebenzi umbazi. Kungani esifanekisweni wagxeka? Ngenxa izingubo zakhe kwakungafanele ngempela ukuthi jibe ezimbi nge kakade esungulwe kwezinkambiso puritanical.

A freshman Vera Danilovna Voloshina phakathi kwezinye abafundi baya kwezemidlalo ekamu ebusika, etholakala eduze Serpukhov. Lapho, wagula nge umkhuhlane, ngenxa okuyinto waba izinyawo iyagula. Kwadingeka ukuba aphathwe isikhathi eside, kodwa ukuphela kwayo kamuva namanje waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikole eyunivesithi ezemidlalo.

Noma kunjalo, ukubutha amandla, Ukholo wabuyela eMoscow, futhi ndawonye nabangani bakhe kusukela muzi lwakubo aqala ukuhweba eMoscow University ngokuBambisana Soviet.

Ngo-1941, ehlobo, Vera Danilovna Voloshina ngemva konyaka wesithathu lidlule izivivinyo waya Zagorsk, eduze eMoscow, lapho wayemhlonipha ukuqeqeshwa okuwusizo. Ndawonye nabo ekilasini ngoJuni 22, nganquma ukuvele ngiye kwi uhambo Museum-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu. Endleleni, amantombazane esitolo mnyango uthenge Ukholo kasilika ingubo emhlophe. Phela, ngonyaka ozayo wahlela ukuba ashade ezimbili umqhubi Yuri. Yuri usewenzile kakade wakhe sipho, futhi abathandi isinqumo ngosuku lomshado. Ngosuku olufanayo, Vera wafunda ukuthi yaqala impi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Voloshin wafa ngo-1941, ku-Novemba 29, edolobhaneni Golovkova (Naro-Fominsk wesifunda, esifundeni eMoscow).

Umsebenzi wokuqala

Kuze kube manje, abantu ukukhumbula feat Voloshinoy Ukholo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uma kwaba yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, Owesifazane zabuthana ukuze umbe anti-tank oluningi emiseleni ayecashe eduze izindlela eMoscow. Ngo-October, wangena ezinhlwini iRed Army bebodwa. Yena ngajoyina ibutho lezempi ingxenye inombolo 9903, okuqondene kwesigaba intelligence labasebenzi Western front line, ukwenza imisebenzi ngaphambili langemuva isitha.

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukuba afeze combat ohambweni Ukholo kwesokunxele ngo-1941, ngo-October 21, endaweni eduze ujantshi eMoscow nse Zavidovo. Ngemva kwalokho, kusenzima izikhathi eziyisithupha babehamba ngempumelelo kuya ezingemuva-German.

Zoe

Ibutho inombolo 9903 ngo-1941, ngo-November, wathola ukusekelwa. Phakathi kwezifiki kwaba Kosmodemyanskaya futhi Zoe, ngubani wayesanda kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Zoe eqenjini lokuqala wagcinwa kancane ngaphandle, kodwa ngokushesha Vera wathola indlela yakhe, futhi amantombazane ngumngani. Kulokho ayekuthunyiwe, ukushumayela zamuva wokhelwa (ukuvalwa) amaphuzu Ukushisa lonke isitha (ekwindla kwakubanda kakhulu) bashiya ndawonye.

umsebenzi

Ngo-1941, ngo-November 21, emva isitha kwesokunxele amabutho amabili. Eyokuqala kwaholela Kraynov Boris. Komsorgom yesibili Voloshin waqokwa, umphathi - Provorov uPawulu. Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya kwaba yingxenye yeqembu yesibili. Lapho scouts sawela ngaphambili, kwakudingeka ukudala amaqembu amabili, ngayinye eyayintula umsebenzi wayo.

Noma kunjalo, ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo u fighters phambi ixoshe on isitha, bagijimisa kwakhiwa amayunithi, Ukwakheka okungahleliwe. Ngakho indlela Kokholo Namakhono Zoe hlukana. Kosmodemyanskoy iqembu balibangisa Petrishcheva emzaneni. Ukholo baqhubeka umsebenzi ozakwabo zakhe. Kodwa lamabutho wakhe phakathi imizi, Golovkova Yakshina yabuya ngaphansi ngomlilo ezikhunini, wazindulula naporovshis ukuba unyendle amaJalimane. Vera ulimalile ethunjwa amaNazi.

Amabili squad sakhe ukuseshwa Ukholo noma isidumbu sakhe, kodwa akazange awuthole. Kwaphela isikhathi eside le iRed Army Vera Voloshin ohlwini abantu abalahlekile. Kuphela ngo-1957, sibonga umsebenzi yokusesha intatheli nomlobi G. N. frolova wathola indlela Ukholo wafa, thola zethuna lalo.

ukufa

Isijeziso Vera Voloshin - umcimbi esabekayo. Abantu bendawo wasitshela ukuthi Ukholo amaJalimane belenga 1941, 29 Novemba, epulazini Golovkova. Ufakaze kokufa ntombazane yathi amaJalimane waletha Ukholo endaweni ngokubulawa emshinini. Bakha kusukela willow lesikafula komgwaqo emhlabeni lapho uye wabutha inani elikhulu amaFascist. Futhi waxosha lapha ethumba amasosha Russian, owayesebenza kwebhuloho.

Okokuqala Voloshin akakwazanga ukubona, kodwa lapho udonga uhlangothi umshini akhishiwe, abantu emangele. Girl elele zangaphansi wakhe, okwakubekelwa zonke ziklebhukile, ezigcotshwe ngegazi. Imoto akhwela amaJalimane ezimbili futhi afuna ukusiza ukukhuphuka Ukholo. Kodwa wazibandezela nabo, ngesandla esisodwa sinamathele gumbi, got kwezinyawo zakhe. Eyesibili esandleni sakhe ukuthi ulenga like isiswebhu - kubonakala abaye babulawa.

Khona-ke Vera baqala ukukhuluma. Ekuqaleni, yena wathi amagama ambalwa e-German, bese aqhubeka ke ngesiRashiya. Uthe akesabi ukufa, ngoba wayeqiniseka ukuthi kuzothatha yokuziphindiselela ozakwabo. Uthe Russian namanje BUSA amaJalimane. Amazwi okugcina ka Vera Voloshina phakade kwagxila ezisenkumbulweni abakhileyo Golovkova ipulazi.

Futhi wabe saqala ukuhlabelela. Yena wahlabelela "I Internationale", okuyinto kwamaSoviet njalo sung emihlanganweni emsakazweni ekuseni nakusihlwa. AmaJalimane walalela kuculwa Kokholo athule. Leli phoyisa, ukulawula ukukhishwa, amasosha amemeza okuthile. Ngokuba yilowo nalowo waphonsa Ekukholweni ku-loop entanyeni agxume esuka emotweni.

Isiphathiswa wasondela umshayeli wemoto wamtshela ukuhambisa kusuka endaweni. Futhi lokho akusho ukuhambisa, zonke zazimhlophe. Kusobala ukuthi isasetshenziswa hang abantu eningabazi. Isosha eliphethe labe wakhipha isibhamu sakhe holster akhonya okuthile umshayeli wemoto. Kusobala ukuthi kakhulu wafunga. Wayebonakala niphaphame, futhi imoto wahamba. Ukholo noma kunjalo ukuthethisa phezulu kuze kuzwe bakule ndawo wagijima ngesihluku: "Farewell, amaqabane," Lapho ufakazi wavula amehlo akhe, wabona ukuthi Vera uhlanganyele.

ithuna

Feat Vera Voloshina abantu ngasilibala. Kuphela phakathi no-December, isitha zinhlanga kanti zonke izakhamuzi zakule bakwazi Golovkova willow ukususa umzimba of the Faith. Bangcwaba ngayo honours egcwele lapha. zesidumbu sakhe kamuva sidluliselwe ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu, ise Kryukov.

Ngemva kwesikhashana isithombe uhlanganyela amantombazane ezatholakala enqolobaneni yokugcina imilando-German. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi komculo isigwebo Voloshin.

ukulahlekelwa ungalungiseki

Petrishcheva emzaneni wawusegunjini amakhilomitha ayishumi ukusuka Golovkova. Ngosuku ukubulawa kwabo Ukholo maphakathi nalo walengiswa Kosmodemyanskaya Zoe.

Hero of Soviet Union ezimbili umqhubi Yuri Ukholo bathandekayo, futhi wasinda empini. Wadutshulwa wabulawa isinyathelo ngokuthatha iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwe-Mogilev.

amaholo

Hero of Russia - Kuyaziwa ukuthi Vera Voloshina ezaziwayo. Lesi sihloko waklonyeliswa wakhe ngo-1994, 6 Meyi. Ngo-1966, ngo-January 27 ephephandabeni "Pravda" esanyatheliswa indzaba frolova Georgiya Nikolaevicha, "UNongorwana indodakazi."

Ngo-September, sasiqhuba izenzakalo zemikhosi anikezelwe Battle of eMoscow. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi M. P. Georgadze (uNobhala KaHulumeni ye-USSR Ephakeme Council) ethulwa unina Ukholo Order of the Patriotic neMpi mina ezingeni.

iminyuziyamu

Ngiyavuma, Vera Voloshina biography emangalisayo. I iminyuziyamu elandelayo zidalwe behlonipha wakhe:

• Museum of Voloshin Ukholo ezimbili umqhubi Yuri (eKemerovo, inombolo School 12).
• Ingxenye lo mbukiso, ukuvalelwa emnyuziyamu zomlando (Naro-Fominsk, esifundeni eMoscow).
• Club "Memory" (wangaphambili Vera Voloshina Museum edolobhaneni Kryukovo, Naro-Fominsk wesifunda).

inkumbulo

Yokudumisa Heroine yalezi ezikhumbuzo efakiwe:

• Isikhumbuzo Sokholo Voloshinoy e Golovkova (Naro-Fominsk wesifunda, esifundeni eMoscow).
• Voloshin Isikhumbuzo edolobhaneni Kryukovo (Naro-Fominsk wesifunda, esifundeni eMoscow).
• Kube Str. Voloshinoy ukholo Mytishchi, eKemerovo, Dagestan ogni, Belovo (eKemerovo esifundeni).
• Ngo-2017, it is okuthiwa ku lemininingwane Khoroshyovsky District Administrative enyakatho wesifunda eMoscow (inombolo umgwaqo yikuphi okulungile okwakufanele akwenze esivezwa 6084).
• temdzabu izingane UMUZI KA e Naro-Fominsk futhi ugqoka igama lakhe.
• Ngamshayela igama ledolobha epaki emzini eKemerovo.
• inombolo School 12 eKemerovo ebizwa ngegama lakhe.
• Umkhumbi Azov inkampani lokuthumela yethiwa Heroine.
• Ukholo yethiwa emzaneni Golovkova Sfax Lyceum, lapho Heroine yayifile.
• Idale documentary ifilimu "UVera Voloshin: Killed kabili" (Workshop "Okwesithathu eRoma", 2007).
• Igama Ukholo sibala iplanethi elincane 2009 Voloshina.
• Yaroslavsky ujantshi isiqondiso eMoscow aqala ukuya isitimela "igama Hero Russia Vera Voloshina" kusukela ngo-2003.

Imifanekiso

Uyini abadumile ebaziwe "Ntombazane nge gwedla?" Yini eyenza kube kuhle? "Ntombazane nge gwedla" - igama jikelele ukubaza, wenza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ngu Okugweda UROMUALD Iodko futhi Ivanom Shadrom. It usuphenduke into efanayo ukuyikhulumela ezifanayo usimende ukubaza ( "sezenhlalo okwangempela Gypsum"), okuyinto esikhathini aseSoviet ehlotshiswe ezokungcebeleka amapaki namasiko.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi wokwehla eMoscow Gorky Park ngo-1934 wahlanganyela umakhi Alexander vlasov. Wanquma ukusungula pool nge umthombo othile umqondo mpo sibalo sowesifazane. Kusukela ekuqaleni vlasov kakade ziqondiswe Ivan Shadra mayelana posing epaki ukhonkolo ezahlukene ukubaza classical, umakhi yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe sculpt ebaziwe main ukuzilibazisa endaweni.

Shadr ngawo lowo nyaka waqala ukusebenza phezu esifanekisweni "Ntombazane nge gwedla." ukuphakama kwalo, kanye base zethusi kufanele kube 12 metres. Kungani uyifinyelele omkhulu kanjalo na? Kwakusuka isikali ngokwezinto Ubukhulu Lomthombo futhi epaki ezizungezile oya kuyo. Esifanekisweni watholakala ngo-1935 maphakathi umthombo kwepaki ezikuthrekhi main.

Ngokusho yetinsita lo umqophi njengesibonelo abakhethiwe Vera Voloshin, yini thina wakhuluma ngenhla. Esifanekisweni okubonisa intombazane eneminyaka umsubathi ngaphandle izingubo, amile futhi ubambe esandleni sakhe sokunene gwedla. sibalo sakhe kwaba Dynamics ezahlukene ukuqala ikhanda futhi esifubeni, bobunjwa plastic enamandla. Izinwele zakhe wakhe wawusontiwe ku "Izimpondo" ezimbili, ikhanda evezwe ngokucacile, intamo nebunzi avulekele ngokugcwele.

Nokho, ikomiti Ukukhetha usegxeke i-Shadr umsebenzi, kuhlanganise indawo ephakeme kangaka, futhi ngawo lowo nyaka, esifanekisweni washukumiseleka ukuba epaki yokuzijabulisa kanye nesiko Luhansk. Esikhathini Tretyakov Igalari kuyagcinwa ikhophi yayo lincane. Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela ngumkayo Shadr usimende umsebenzi ngo-1950 ngasekupheleni wadala ngethusi.

Ehlobo lika-1936, u-Ivan Shadr wakha esifanekisweni entsha ayisishiyagalombili-kukalwa khona ngokhonkolo anombala. Kulesi sikhathi sekuyinto isibonelo sokuba womzimba Bedrinskaya Zoe. Ukuqopha sifakwe amakholomu evulekile maphakathi emthonjeni. Babalelwa ku-ke hit jet amanzi, kwakheka uhlobo kwesihenqo. Ngo-1941, lapho ebaziwe labhujiswa ngamabhomu.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi esifanekisweni Shadr wakhonza njengephayona prototypes ukwenziwa Gypsum amakhophi ezishibhile inqwaba ecacisiwe emapaki cishe kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union. Eqinisweni, abenziwe ngomfanekiso we umqophi R. R. Iodko elinegama elifanayo, adalwe kuye ngo-1936 i-epaki "Dinamo" inkundla hydrophytic. Esifanekisweni senziwa of Gypsum futhi waba ukuphakama 2.5 m. Ngokuphambene shadrovskoy "intombazane" Iodko esifanekisweni nokubamba gwedla ngakwesokhohlo efake Swimsuit.

Ngo-1935 Iodko UROMUALD wenza isithombe 'The Girl nge gwedla "ngokuba umthombo. Ekuqaleni kwalo wamiswa ngo Cherkizovo ku enkundleni eMoscow "Electric". Esifanekisweni okubonisa owesifazane othile emi emlenzeni ngakwesokunxele. Ungishiya unyawo lwesokudla nimiswe, edonsa phambili kwedolo. Ingalo yakhe kwesokunxele yehliselwa wathinta ethangeni bese ngakwesokudla owesifazane kokwami amaphini. Egqoke isikibha nesikhindi izikhindi. Lokhu esifanekisweni ngakhonza nanjengombonisi sibonelo ngokwenza amakhophi.

namuhla

Ngo-2011, ngo-Ephreli, ikhophi esifanekisweni wafakwa ku kushaft YaseCrimea ngesikhathi Tretyakov Igalari. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Kapkov Sergey (umqondisi Gorky Park) wathi esifanekisweni liyobuyiselwa kuleli paki.

Ngo-2011, 3 Septhemba, ukusungulwa esifanekisweni kwakufanele afakwe Central Park (ngaphakathi kwemingcele Regatta yobuhlanga "Golden Isikebhe"). Ngokuhambisana kwepaki umyalezo ebaziwe omele yasungulwa ngo-2011, September 1, futhi ngavula ngoSepthemba 3 Usuku City.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa ngentombazane nge gwedla izingoma:

• Valery Sjutkin.
• Kimmelfeld Dmitry.
• "Underwood" ( "inkinobho ebomvu" albhamu).
• "Ukucinga" iqembu (i-albhamu "iWhite Horse").

Ngo Accordionist futhi umqambi Ensemble "Birch" V Temnova ingoma naye ukhuluma ebaziwe abadumile.