Ukuvuselelwa izingane ene-cerebral palsy: incazelo izindlela

nokuvuselelwa Ngempumelelo izingane ene-cerebral palsy kuhlanganisa ezehlukene zemisebenzi. Ukunakwa ikhokhelwa hhayi kuphela ngokomzimba kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa nangokwengqondo wengane, ekutholeni amakghono ukuphila futhi lithathelwe nomphakathi. Sezingane ezikhubazekile nazo zingaba khona okwashiwo khulula, izaphulelo for ukwelashwa sanatoriums, nemithi ukuhlinzeka kanye izindlela technical ukuvuselelwa.

Izimbangela isifo futhi engcupheni

Izimbangela cerebral palsy sehlukaniswe trigger-pre-natal futhi emva kokubeletha. Uhlobo lokuqala kuhlanganisa:

• sokukhulelwa ezinzima;
• indlela engenampilo ka kokuphila kukanina;
• yofuzo;
• ukulethwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho khona asphyxia;
• oyingozi futhi ezinye izifo ezingelapheki kanina;
• Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye isisindo sokuzalwa;
• izinqubo ezithathelwanayo okwenzeka ifomu esicashile emzimbeni kamama;
• ubuthi anobuthi wengane ubuchopho ngenxa lwegazi ukungavumelani phakathi kukamama fetus RH isici noma hepatic esingamahlalakhona ingane.

trigger Kwangemva Kokubeletha zihlanganisa:

• isisindo sengane ukuba sikwazi 1 kg ngesikhathi sokuzalwa;
• zala ezimithi amaphahla noma;
• ikhanda ukuhlukumezeka zisencane.

Nokho, esimweni ngasinye lwesithathu, ukuze abone imbangela eqondile zokugula akunakwenzeka. Futhi ngokuvamile, umthwalo wokuvuselelwa ngokwendalo izingane ene-cerebral palsy akuxhomekile izimbangela zesifo. Uhlelo lokuhlumelelisa Umuntu ngamunye ingase ibukezwe ngaphandle esimweni preterm nabancelayo LBW - kulezi ziguli kaningi zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela futhi kweso lwezokwelapha.

Isigaba eyinhloko ukugeleza isifo

Izingane nokuvuselelwa nge CP kuncike esigabeni yesifo, nobukhali yezifo nokuguga isiguli. Ukunikeza lezi izigaba ezintathu zesifo:

1. Early (kufika ku 5 izinyanga). cerebral palsy wabonakaliswa retardation ukukhula, ukulondolozwa kwalezo ikhaliphe unconditioned.
2. Elementary (iminyaka engu-3). Ingane ngokuvamile sokuqala esiminyanisa ku ukudla, akafuni ukukhuluma, asymmetry evelele, hypertonia noma ngokweqile muscle.
3. Late (engaphezu kwemithathu). Kubonakaliswa kunciphisa owodwa zokwenziwa kunelinye, ukugwinya neziyaluyalu, ukuzwa, umbono, inkulumo, Ukudlikizela, ukuchama kahle futhi wamathumbu ukunyakaza, retardation engqondo.

izimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa cerebral palsy

Ngu izimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa cerebral palsy zihlanganisa ukwahluka ezilandelayo:

• ukubambezeleka ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba: isilawuli ikhanda, kweqa phezu, ehlezi ngaphandle ukwesekwa, kukhasa, noma ukuhamba;
• ukulondoloza "zezingane" ingqondo ifinyelela izinyanga 3-6 ubudala;
• predominance esandleni esisodwa ezinyangeni ezingu-18;
• noma yiziphi izinkomba ezisheshe eziphakamisa hypertonus noma ngokweqile aziphumulele (buthaka) imisipha.

ukubonakaliswa Clinical lesi sifo kungaba kokubili evelele futhi ngacishe engabonakali - konke kuncike degree of CNS kanye nobuchopho. Ukuze usizo kufanele, uma:

• ukunyakaza okungesona esingokwemvelo ingane;
• ingane Ukudlikizela;
• imisipha ivele ekhululekile kakhulu noma esishubile;
• ingane akusho blink ekuphenduleni nomsindo omkhulu ngenyanga eyodwa;
• ngenyanga 4 ingane endala ingavuli ikhanda lakhe nomsindo;
• 7 izinyanga akazange ahlale ngaphandle kokusekela;
• ngezinye izinyanga 12 akashongo amagama ambalwa;
• ingane ayikwazi ukuhamba, noma ukuhamba ngendlela ephambene neyemvelo;
• ingane has a squint.

nokuvuselelwa olunzulu izingane ene-cerebral palsy unika imiphumela emihle kakhulu uma waqala esemncane. Ngo amafomu ezinzima zalesi sifo kuthiwa imisiwe yokutakula lokuzivivinya noma ukuthuthukiswa kamuva kwamakhono social ingane izohlala ngokuphelele ngiyijwayele impilo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba lesi sifo

cerebral palsy libhekisela isifo cishe kungenakwenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele. Nokho, ukuvuselelwa olunzulu kanye ezifika ngesikhathi ukuphayona evumela izingane nale Ihlahlubo aqeqeshwe belingana nezingane enempilo futhi waphila ukuphila okugcwele. Inqubekela phambili angabhekwa kulondolozwe izimpawu wengane ngabanye.

izindlela zesimanje ekwelapheni i-cerebral palsy

Umsebenzi oyinhloko izinhlelo nokuvuselelwa ngabanye izingane nokukhubazeka kuyinto zavela kancane kancane amakhono kanye namakhono, lithathelwe imizimba kanye nomphakathi. Amasu okuyinto eyenziwa ngabanye ngengane ngayinye, kancane kancane ukulungisa imoto ukukhubazeka, ukuthuthukisa motor umsebenzi, ukuthuthukisa nesineke ngokomzwelo, mathupha futhi emphakathini, ukuthuthukisa amakhono ukuzimela ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ngenxa sokuhlumelelisa izimilo esihleliwe ingane kungathatha impande emphakathini ukujwayela ukuphila esikhathini esizayo bebodwa.

Uhlelo kokuvuselelwa izingane cerebral palsy zihlanganisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• izinqubo ukwelashwa amanzi: ukubhukuda, balneotherapy noma hydrotherapy;
• PET yokwelapha, noma ukwelapha izilwane: ippoterapiya (ekwelapheni amahhashi), ukuvuselelwa psychophysical ngesikhathi ukuxhumana amahlengethwa ukubhukuda;
• isicelo amadivayisi wamathambo, simulators, Gymnastic amabhola isitebhisi;
• izicelo ngodaka, ukhulise umsebenzi bioelectric kwemisipha;
• massage zokwelapha, okuvumela ukunciphisa degree of ukucobeka kanye muscle izinhlungu zibe;
• ukwelashwa izidakamizwa: Sebenzisa Botox, ushevu botulinum, kseomin, Dysport;
• yokuhamba Reflex, okuvumela ukubuyisela amaphethini yemvelo yokuziphatha;
• Physiotherapy: Miauton, imisindo ephansi, ukwelashwa kazibuthe, darsonvalization;
• Montessori yokwelapha, okuvumela ukwakha ikhono ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi ngabodwana;
• imihlangano nge wezengqondo;
• inkulumo yokwelapha amakilasi, zokulungisa inkulumo iziyaluyalu (hlelo "Logoritmika");
• imfundo ekhethekile;
• Shiatsu yokwelapha - acupressure;
• Bobath amasu amakilasi - yokuzijwayeza obukhethekile nokusetshenziswa kwemishini ethile;
• laser imiphumela phezu esishintshashintshayo reflex, ichopho ekhaleni, amalunga, reflex-segmental zone esifundeni imisipha paretic;
• art yokwelapha, okuhloswe ngaso ukulungiselela ingane ukufunda;
• Peto amasu - ukwehlukana ukunyakaza umuntu ezenzweni Ngokusetshenziswa;
• wamathambo kokungenela kuhlinzwa;
• ukwelashwa spa;
• zokwelapha: osteopathy, ukuqondiswa kwamathambo, i catgut-therapy, ukwelashwa cleaner, electroreflexotherapy.

Yiqiniso, uhlu ngenhla zonke izindlela kokuvuselelwa izingane ene-cerebral palsy. Kukhona izinhlelo eziningi ngomumo eyenziwe eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa nezamanje nokuvuselelwa izikhungo, izindlela ehlukile namasu.

nokuvuselelwa Physical izingane ene-cerebral palsy

yokutakula Physical ingane igula kumele kuqale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. izazi ezivelele emhlabeni baye baqaphela ukuthi umthwalo wokuvuselelwa ngokwendalo ingane onokukhubazeka (cerebral palsy) kuletha imiphumela engcono kuze kube iminyaka emithathu, kodwa eRussia izikhungo eziningi zenqaba ukuthatha izingane enyakeni owodwa noma kuze kube iminyaka emithathu, futhi odokotela musa ugijimele nge uphethwe kanye nomklamo yokukhubazeka. nokuvuselelwa Nokho ngokomzimba - yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu okuzivumelanisa izici ingane sebekhulile, futhi baqala ukuba uzibandakanye seziguli ezisencane elandelayo ngokushesha uphethwe, "i-cerebral palsy."

Ukuvuselelwa izingane ene-cerebral palsy kuyadingeka ukuvimbela kuyadamba futhi yoma imisipha, ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kanye asesebenzisa ke ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthuka kwemizwa ingane. Sebenzisa massage zokwelapha, ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba kanye umzimba ku abaqeqeshi ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile kuyasiza yinoma yini ephathelene nomzimba umsebenzi, uchwepheshe kweso ngeke ekwakheni amaphethini ukunyakaza kahle ukuthuthukisa ukulolonga umzimba futhi kuvimbele ukuluthwa izikhundla sokugembula.

Bobath yokwelapha nokuvuselelwa

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ukuvuselelwa therapy Bobath lihambisana namanye, izindlela kuphumelele ngokufanayo. Ingqikithi yokuyelapha ukunikeza okuphambene ekupheleni isikhundla ukuze lokho okungavunyelwe, ngenxa Hyper, zama futhi yamukeleke. Amakilasi kumele kwenziwe isimo esizolile, kathathu ngosuku noma ngesonto, yonke into iyaphindwa izikhathi 3 kuya 5. Ukunyakaza ngokwabo iye yephuza, ngoba umgomo oyinhloko kwelashwa ukukhulula imisipha. Isakhiwo umzimba athuthukile ngamunye. Ukwelashwa nge-indlela yokwelapha Bobath kungaba kwenziwe ekhaya - umzali noma umondli reception oqeqeshiwe kusetshenziswa isikhungo onguchwepheshe nokuvuselelwa.

izindlela lobuchwepheshe ukuvuselelwa

Lapho kubuyiselwa ngokomzimba motor umsebenzi wengane ene-cerebral palsy, zibuye zisetshenziswe izindlela lobuchwepheshe kokuvuselelwa izingane. ICP e izimfuno ezinzima amadivayisi ukuhamba (ahamba, izihlalo zabakhubazekile), ukuthuthukiswa (umsebenzi emabhayisikili, amatafula ekhethekile nezihlalo) nenhlanzeko (izihlalo okugeza, izihlalo, izindlu zangasese) ingane. Njengoba izindlela ukuvuselelwa izingane ene-cerebral palsy ezihilela ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi wamathambo futhi simulators. Isetshenziselwa, isibonelo, u-Adele isudi, ukuphinde sihambise umthwalo Simulator Gross, ukuthuthukisa motor amakhono, "Veloton" inkanuko imisipha suit "Kuvunguza", okuvumela ukwakha amaphethini entsha ukunyakaza, nokunye.

Ukulungiswa yezenhlalakahle bezingane ezikhubazekile ene-cerebral palsy

Eduzane abasesikoleni, kakhudlwana ikhokhelwa lithathelwe nomphakathi ingane. Imizamo yabo iqondiswe kumiswa izinhlelo zokufundisa amakhono okuziphilisa, kutfutfuka kwengcondvo, ukulungiswa umntwana yokufunda ngokuhlanganyela kanye nokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli bafundiswa ukuzigqokisa, ukuzinakekela, ukuze afeze inhlanzeko, travel nokunye. Konke lokhu kuzonciphisa umthwalo nabanakekeli ingane ekhubazekile futhi isiguli omncane engenathi - ukujwayela ukuphila.

Nge ekhethekile izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane inkulumo abelaphi nothisha. indima ebaluleke kakhulu abazali noma ababheki ngubani sizodingida ingane yakho ekhaya. nokuvuselelwa Social kwezingane (CP) Tinjongo:

• silulumagama nasesimweni sengqondo;
• ukuthuthukiswa inkumbulo, ukunakwa ukucabanga;
• imfundo yokuhlanzeka;
• imfundo namakhono zokuzisiza;
• nokuthuthukiswa kolimi, ukwakheka isiko.

Izingane nale Ihlahlubo bangaqeqeshwa ku amakilasi zokuhlola, avamise kwakheka ezikoleni zomphakathi, kodwa ukulinganiselwa abalulekile ukucabanga kangcono mayelana boarding school noma yokufunda ekhaya. Ngo boarding ingane esikoleni akwazi ukuxhumana nontanga yabo, ukuthola amakhono akhethekile iqhaza umsebenzi ukwelulekwa imisebenzi. Lapho beqeqesha ekhaya kudingeka iqhaza bakhuthele kwabazali kweso lwezokwelapha nsuku zonke.

Ezimweni eziningi, ungakwazi ukuqhubekisela phambili umsebenzi zabasebenzi lomuntu kwathiwa unesifo "i-cerebral palsy." Abantu abanjalo ungakwazi kahle umsebenzi umsebenzi engqondo (othisha, kodwa ukwenza amamaki hhayi ephansi, osomnotho, abaklami abasebenzi bezokwelapha junior) ukusebenza ekhaya program, freelancers kanye ngisho (nge ukuphepha isandla ukunyakaza) seamstresses. Employment akukwazi kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukukhubazeka ene-cerebral palsy

cerebral palsy has izinhlobo eziningana futhi lamadigri zaba namandla kakhulu. Ukukhubazeka lapho ICP ikhishwa uma kwenzeka ukuthi isifo ephelezelwa imingcele maqondana nokwenza imisebenzi evamile, ukufunda, self-service, contact izwi. Ukwenza ukukhubazeka kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva lapho ngihlolwa. Umama nengane ukudabula kudokotela oyisazi sezinzwa ngezindleko, udokotela ohlinzayo, kwengqondo, udokotela wezingane wezinyawo, ophthalmologist futhi ENT. Kulesi 'adventure "akugcini lapho. Lokhu kulandelwa:

• ukukhipha umbono wokugcina lwekhanda isikhungo sakho sezokwelapha;
• ibhekane inqubo yokuqinisekisa kwemibhalo kakade emtholampilo omdala;
• ukunikeza imibhalo ukuze iphuzu iqoqo sokukhishwa ngihlolwa-nomphakathi.

Isikhathi incike asungula ukukhubazeka ukuqhuba ngihlolwa kanye nomphakathi (yingakho futhi kudlule bonke odokotela) kufanele okuphindaphindiwe ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi. Futhi udinga ukuthola kabusha ejele uma kwenzeka ukuthi uhlelo yesimanje nokuvuselelwa ngabanye sibhekana nezinguquko - ngokwesibonelo, onguchwepheshe uma ingane senzelwe kudinga izindlela ezintsha nokuvuselelwa.

Kuzuze izingane ezikhubazekile ene-cerebral palsy

Ukwenza ukukhubazeka kweminye imindeni kuyinto mpikiswano ebalulekile, ngoba kunika ithuba lokuthola mali nokuvuselelwa nempumuzo.

Ngokwesibonelo, nemindeni izingane ezikhubazekile cerebral izinzuzo palsy elandelayo okusekelwe:

• nokuvuselelwa khulula ezindaweni federal nawesifunda kanye sanatoriums;
• isaphulelo okungenani 50% ukukhokhela izindlu kanye nezindlu tamasipala noma umphakathi;
• ilungelo kuqala ukuthola umhlaba iziza for ngabanye izindlu ukwakhiwa, ingadi kanye izindlu;
• izidakamizwa kagesi (by kadokotela), imikhiqizo zokwelapha lokudla;
• zokuthutha Mahhala endaweni ukwelashwa kulesi sibhedlela futhi emuva, kanye ezokuthutha ezisemadolobheni (yokukhululwa wabeka umntwana okhubazekile nokuhlangabezana oyedwa ohambisana);
• amasevisi Udokotela wengqondo isinxephezelo, uthisha kanye inkulumo Umeluleki, ezithile Uhlelo lokuhlumelelisa ngabanye (imali akukho ruble abangaphezu kuka-11.2 ezingaba yinkulungwane ngonyaka.)
• ekukhokheni enkulisa;
• izinkokhelo compensatory kubantu abangasebenzi abanakekela ingane ekhubazekile (umzali, umzali ukuthi abazali abakuthola noma umnakekeli bangathola ama-ruble ayizigidi 5.5, omunye umuntu - ruble ayizigidi 1.2 ..);
• yempesheni umntwana okhubazekile nokuhlangabezana ezengeziwe izinkokhelo (inani ruble ayizigidi 14.6 njengoba ka 2017);
• kwesikhathi kwengane anakekele unina ekhubazekile babale ubude yesevisi;
• unina ingane ekhubazekile ebuchosheni enezinto eziningi izinzuzo ngaphansi komthetho wezabasebenzi: ayikwazi ukusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe, yebhizinisi, banelungelo amatoho, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, nokunye;
• ongumama ongayedwa bokukhulisa umntwana onokukhubazeka akufanele kuthathwe, ngaphandle ukuvalwa ephelele yebhizinisi.

zezikhungo zokuhlumelelisa eRussia

I ekhethekile nokuvuselelwa isikhungo izingane ene-cerebral palsy uqhutshwa icubungulisise futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa ochwepheshe efanele. Njengomthetho, amakilasi ehlelekile, izinhlelo ngabanye kanye nokwesekwa lochwepheshe bezokwelapha kokubili izingane zabo nabazali ingafinyelela Imiphumela abalulekile esikhathini esifushane yesikhathi. Yiqiniso, ukuze bahlanganise imiphumela kudingeka siqhubeke zenziwe ohlelweni ehlongozwayo kanye ekhaya.

Russian Centre Scientific-Esiwusizo Physical Ukuvuselelwa kanye nokwenziwa Ezemidlalo (Grossko Centre)

ERussia kukhona izikhungo eziningana nokuvuselelwa. Grossko Sikhungo Sekukhangisa ekhatsi Moscow usebenzela uhlelo olunzulu: yokuvuma uxilongwe, bese ingane ekhetheke ongoti-Abafundisi nokuvuselelwa ngokomzimba. nokuvuselelwa Physical izingane ene-cerebral palsy e Grossko Centre inikeza umzimba, ebhukuda, Obonisa nge simulators ekhethekile, okuvumela ukuthuthukisa ngefanelo nangokuvumelana futhi evikelekile ukunyakaza amaphethini, ukuqeqeshwa ku-treadmill zikhwele roller skates. Ngokusho imiphumela eyenziwa izinhlelo zemfundo ukuyiqondisa, ekubuyiselweni izidingo kanye isiguli ethize kancane.

Izindleko zokuvuselelwa kwengane (ukukhubazeka kwengqondo) ku-Grosssko Center, yebo, akuyona encane. Isibonelo, ukuze uthole imvume yokuqala kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-ruble angu-1,700, kanti izindleko zezinhlelo ezingu-10 ze-physiotherapy umzimba (imizuzu engu-45-50) yi-ruble engu-30,000. Esinye isifundo esinokwelapha inkulumo (imizuzu engu-30 ehlala njalo), njengeseshini yokusikhipha (imizuzu engama-30-40 ngokusho kukadokotela) izobiza izindubhu eziyi-1000. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuzivocavoca ikhona, kanti i-Grosssko Center ngokwayo iyisikhungo esivelele.

I-Russian Research Institute ye-Traumatology ne-Orthopedics. RR Vredena

Isikhungo sokuvuselela izingane ezine-cerebral palsy okuthiwa i-RR Vreden (i-RIITO - iRussia Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics) eSt. Petersburg inikeza amaklayenti ayo ahlukahlukene ngamasevisi: kusuka ekuxilongweni kuya ekuhlinzekeni, okufaka phakathi, nakanjani, ukwelashwa nokuvuselelwa. Ukulahlwa kochwepheshe bezobuchwephesha kakhulu phakathi nendawo eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo kwamahhovisi angaphezu kwamashumi amabili anamakhono aphelele.

Isikhungo Scientific and Practical eMoscow Sokuvuselelwa Kwabantu Abakhubazekile ngenxa ye-Cerebral Palsy

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-NPC yaseMoscow kubantu abakhubazekile ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezifinyeleleka kakhulu futhi ezaziwayo. Odokotela besikhungo basebenza ngokusekelwe kwezinhlelo eziningana zokuvuselela, basebenzise konke ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo zasemakhaya futhi bathole indlela eya kwesiguli ngasinye. Isikhungo samukela izingane kusuka eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa ngokomzimba ngokwalo, izazi ze-psychologists-defectologists, abahlinzeki bezinkulumo, abahlaseli bezobuchwepheshe nabaqhubi be-conductor, abasebenza nezingane nabantu abadala abakhubazekile be-CNS, bahlanganyela neziguli ezincane.

I-Institute for Pedagogy and Restorative Movement Therapy e-Budapest, eHungary

Ukuvuselelwa kwengane ekhubazekile (ukukhubazeka kwesibindi) ku-Institute. A. Petö eBudapest, inhloko-dolobha yaseHungary, yiyona ndawo lapho amakhulu emindeni efuna ukuya khona. Lesi sikhungo sidume ngabathengi bayo abahloniphekile, ukusetshenziswa kwezentuthuko zakamuva ekwelapheni iziguli ezincane, kanye nemiphumela ebonakalayo etholakala ngabantwana abane-cerebral palsy abaye bathola inkambo yokuvuselela.

Kunezinye izikhungo eziningi zokuvuselela nezindlu zempilo ezamukela izingane ezine-cerebral palsy yokuvuselelwa. KuMoscow kuphela, isikhungo sokuvuselela izingane ezine-cerebral palsy "Movement", Isikhungo Sokuvuselela "Ogonyok", Isikhungo Sokuvuselela "i-Preodolenie" futhi abanye basebenza. Kwezinye izikhungo, ukuvuselelwa mahhala kwezingane ezine-cerebral palsy nazo kungenzeka. Imindeni enezingane ezikhubazekile nayo isekelwe ezinhlanganweni zokusiza nezindawo zomphakathi.