Ukuvuvukala Exudative: izimbangela, izinhlobo, imiPhumela yokuFunda kumiphumela yokuhlaziya

Nge ukuvuvukala ngandlela yonkana sonke. Futhi uma amafomu ezinkulu, njengalezo pneumonia noma nesifo, sisehlela ngezikhathi ezikhethekile, ezifana izinkinga ezincane like ukuncishiselwa noma ekuqaleni - Kuyaziwa. Bona abaningi bamshaya indiva. Kodwa ngisho imihuzukwana kakhulu kungabangela ukuvuvukala exudative. Empeleni, kuba isimo kule ndawo eyayithintekile, lapho eqoqwe uketshezi oluthile, bese engena capillary izindonga ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile. Le nqubo kubenzima, ngokusekelwe imithetho fluid dynamics futhi bakwazi singaholela ezinkingeni lesi sifo. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe lokho kubangele exudative ukuvuvukala izimbangela. Izinhlobo (imiphumela ngamunye wabo akwenele) lolu hlobo izinqubo ukuvuvukala futhi sicabangele futhi kanyekanye ukuchaza, abathembele kuzo, njengoba kwenzeka, ezinye zidinga ukwelashwa.

Ukuvuvukala - kubi noma okuhle?

Abaningi bayokuthi ukuthi, yebo, yisishiso - bi, ngoba kuyingxenye ebalulekile cishe yisiphi isifo futhi iletha ukuhlupheka komuntu. Kodwa eqinisweni, ngokuhamba kwemvelo imizimba yethu iminyaka waqoqela a izindlela izinqubo ukuvuvukala ukuthi zisiza ukuze sisinde lapho imiphumela eyingozi, kwezokwelapha ngokuthi ezintweni. Zingaba amagciwane, amanxeba isikhumba, amakhemikhali (isib ubuthi, ubuthi), izici zendawo ezimbi. Usivikele umsebenzi okungavamile zonke lezi ezishukumisa nje kudingeka ukuvuvukala exudative. Kuyini lokhu? Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane, kulula ngempela ukuchaza. Noma yimuphi zamandla ashukumisayo, kokuba wangena umzimba womuntu, umonakalo amaseli. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi ekuguqulweni. Inikeza kokuqala ukuvuvukala. Izimpawu zayo, kuye ngohlobo izinkomba zokusimama nendawo nokuqaliswa kwalo zingase zihluke. Phakathi ikhiphe ezivamile:

• yenyuka lokushisa noma umzimba wonke noma kuphela endaweni ethintekile;
• ukuvuvukala ethintekile ingxenye;
• ubuhlungu;
• ububomvu indawo elimele.

Lawa izimpawu eziyinhloko eyenza umuntu Ungaqonda ukuthi sekuqalile ukuvuvukala exudative. Isithombe ngenhla ubonisa ukubonakaliswa izimpawu - ububomvu, ukuvuvukala.

Esikhathini esithile ukuvuvukala e imithambo yegazi uqale buthelela uketshezi (exudate). Lapho ukungena ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwama-capillary esikhaleni intercellular, ukuvuvukala exudative kuba. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi izinto kulesi inkinga ekhulayo. Kodwa eqinisweni, okukhiphayo uketshezi, noma, njengoba odokotela bethi, exudation, nawo uyadingeka. Ngenxa wakhe, kusukela kuma-capillary ezicutshini uthole ndaba ebaluleke kakhulu - immunoglobulin, ayisiza, kinins, plasma enzyme, emangqamuzaneni egazi amhlophe, okwathi ngokushesha ukusheshe ukuvuvukala kwemizi ukuya khona nokuqedwa ezizihluphayo nokwelashwa izindawo ezilimele.

Inqubo exudation

Echaza lokho ukuvuvukala exudative, anatomy sokugembula (isiyalo study izinqubo sokugembula) unaka ngokukhethekile ukuze inqubo exudation, "Yini eyayibangele lokho" yalolu hlobo ukuvuvukala. Siqukethe ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Ukulungisa. Wagijima e zezakhi ekhethekile organic - balamuli ukuvuvukala (kinins, histamine, serotonin, nezinye lymphokines). Bayamthonya microvascular embhedeni waqala ukwandisa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, permeability izindonga isitsha anda.
2. Ezindaweni ebanzi ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni ukugeleza kwegazi baqala ukuthutha nzima. Kube ngamanzi okuthiwa, ukuthi yena, kuye kwaholela ekwandeni igazi izitsha (hydrodynamic) ingcindezi.
3. Ngaphansi ingcindezi uketshezi ngokusebenzisa microvessels anda mezhendotelialnye imifantu futhi ikhule ezimbotsheni ngezinye izikhathi attained osayizi ijabulise, izicubu exudate waqala avuze. Izinhlayiyana zezici zawo ziye zayiswa maphakathi ukuvuvukala.

izinhlobo exudates

Okuningi kahle ngokuthi exudate ketshezi elikhiphe emikhunjini ibe izicubu, futhi uketshezi olufanayo ekuphunyukeni kuzo ku ngalo ingaphakathi, - effusion. Kodwa imithi ngokuvamile le miqondo emibili ehlangana. Ukuvuvukala uhlobo exudative kunqunywa uketshezi Ukwakheka, okungenzeka:

• serous;
• fibrotic;
• ubovu;
• Putrid;
• oluhambisana;
• lwamafinyila;
• hiloznym;
• hilusopodobnym;
• psevdohileznym;
• a cholesterol;
• neutrophilic;
• eosinophilic;
• lymphocytic;
• mononuclear;
• okuxubile.

Ake sihlole kabanzi lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ukuvuvukala exudative, nezimbangela zayo futhi izimpawu.

Ifomu serous ukuvuvukala exudative

Emzimbeni womuntu le peritoneum, pleura, pericardium camera ulwelwesi serous, abizwa kanjalo kusukela lesiLatin elithi "serum", okusho ukuthi "serum" ngoba ukukhiqiza futhi zimunce uketshezi, kepha efaniswe igazi serum noma isithombe. ulwelwesi Serous esimweni esejwayelekile ka bushelelezi, cishe esobala, nokunwebeka kakhulu. Lapho ukuvuvukala exudative liqala, ziba anolaka futhi zomile, futhi serous exudate uhlamvu livela izicubu kanye izitho. It Kutholwe amaprotheni (2%), ama-lymphocyte, ama-leukocyte, amaseli EPITHELIAL.

Izimbangela ukuvuvukala exudative kungaba:

• uhlukunyezwe etiologies ehlukahlukene (isikhumba ubuqotho neziyaluyalu, ukusha, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, frostbite);
• ukudakwa;
• izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane (isifo sofuba, meningitis, i-herpes, inkukhu Pox, njll);
• yokungezwani komzimba.

uketshezi Serous kusiza ukususa ubuthi focus ukuvuvukala futhi ezizihluphayo. Nezinye izici zalo ezinhle kukhona omubi. Ngakho uma serous ukuvuvukala exudative uvele ngaphambi parenchyma wamaphaphu, angagcina nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula, ku pericardium - ukumelwa inhliziyo, ku meninges - ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, izinso - esingamahlalakhona kwezinso, esikhumbeni ngezansi epidermis - uyaxebuka ke kusukela dermis kanye kumiswa amanxeba okusha serous. Izimpawu isifo ngasinye uwedwa. Kungenziwa behlukene kuyanda jikelele lokushisa nobuhlungu. Naphezu okubonakala kuyingozi kakhulu zokugula Izibikezelo ezimweni eziningi evumayo, njengoba exudate amuncwa umzimba, kokushiya noluncane, nemisipha serous ziyakhokhwa.

ukuvuvukala fibrotic

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, zonke izinhlobo ukuvuvukala exudative kunqunywa indlela yokwakheka uketshezi, lapho savela kusukela microvessels. Ngakho, exudate fibrous etholwe ngaphansi isenzo ezishukumisa ukuvuvukala (ukuhlukumezeka, ukutheleleka) lapho akha khona esengeziwe fibrinogen amaprotheni. Ngokuvamile, umuntu omdala kufanele kube 2-4 g / l. Nezicubu ezilimele kuyinto into iguqulwe ukuze fibrin. Lokhu kubuye iprotheni has a isakhiwo fibrous futhi ngesisekelo amahlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona fibrous exudate leukocyte, ama-macrophage, monocytes. Esikhathini esithile, yisishiso eba necrosis of kwezicubu ehlaselwe umfutho. Bona elifakwe exudate lunemicu kanjalo ukwakha ifilimu fibrous ku ezindaweni zawo. Ngaphansi kwawo ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni zilokazane inkimbinkimbi inkambo isifo. Kuye ifilimu futhi yayo izici kwasendaweni ukuhlukanisa pseudomembrane croupous futhi fibrous ukuvuvukala exudative. anatomy sokugembula uchaza ukuthi azifani kanjani bayithanda:

1. ukuvuvukala Pseudomembrane singenzeka kunoma labo izitho, okuyinto embozwe igobolondo multi-egqinsiwe - emphinjeni, kwesibeletho, sangasese, kwesinye, ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Lapho kwakhiwa awugqinsi, lokhu ifilimu fibrous is sengathi sakhula saba izindikimba igobolondo. Ngakho-ke, kunzima zisuswe, futhi kushiya izilonda. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ayaphilisa, kodwa izibazi ingaqhubeka. Kunenye okubi - salokhu amagciwane ifilimu nokuzala izikhandle kakhudlwana ekufuneni, ukuze isiguli imikhiqizo ubuthi eliphezulu imisebenzi ako. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke zalolu hlobo izifo ukuvuvukala - idiphtheria.
2. ukuvuvukala Croupous emizimbeni lwamafinyila kwakhiwa camera monolayer igobolondo: ku bronchi, peritoneum, uqhoqhoqho pericardium. Ngakho-ke wathola mncane ifilimu lunemicu kalula esikhiphekayo, ngaphandle ukukhubazeka okukhulu lwamafinyila. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, lokho kungase kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu, njengalezo ukuvuvukala kuqhoqhoqho ungakwazi ukuvimbela ukungena komoya emaphashini.

Exudative ubovu ukuvuvukala

Lokhu zokugula siyenzeka lapho exudate kuyinto ubomvu - umbala ogqamile aphuzi mass viscous, ezimweni eziningi kokuba iphunga isici. Ukwakheka kwalo cishe ngendlela elandelayo: amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, eziningi zazo ayafa,-albumin, fibrin imicu, ama-enzyme Lokudabuka microbial, cholesterol, lipids, babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela DNA, lecithin, ama-globulin. Lezi izinto yakha ubovu serum. Ngaphandle-ke, i-exudate ekhona ubovu detritus izicubu, siphile kanye / noma degenerated nezilwanyana ezincane amaseli ubovu. Ubovu ukuvuvukala simo singenzeka kunoma yimuphi umzimba. "Kwezigwegwe" iqhubeka avame amagciwane pyogenic (cocci ahlukahlukene, Escherichia coli, Proteus), kanye Candida, Shigella, Salmonella, Brucella. Amafomu ubovu exudative ukuvuvukala kungaba ngakho:

1. Ithumba. Lokhu kusho kwemizi nge capsule isithiyo kuvimbela ingress ubomvu emisipheni ezizungezile. Ikamelo ingaphakathi aqoqana ubovu exudate engena khona ngokusebenzisa capillary isithiyo capsule.
2. Ithumba. Kuleli fomu we ukuvuvukala kwemizi imingcele ecacile futhi ubovu exudate usabalala kwezicubu angomakhelwane kanye izimbotshana. Le ndlela kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ezingqimbeni ongama, isibonelo, izicubu adipose ku retroperitoneal nezindawo perirenal nomaphi isakhiwo morphological izicubu ivumela ubomvu ukudlulela ngale focus ukuvuvukala.
3. Empyema. Leli fomu iyafana ithumba futhi nasemkhakheni izimbobo emazinyweni, eduze lapho kukhona focus ukuvuvukala.

Uma kobovu samanje neutrophil eziningi esiwohlozayo, exudate neutrophilic ngokuthi ubovu. Ngokuvamile, indima neutrophil ukubhubhisa amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta. Ziyakwazi onogada abanesibindi, nokujikijela lokuqala kakhulu izitha yayisingenile emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, lapho besanda kuqala ukuvuvukala neutrophil lonke kakhulu, ziqotho futhi exudate ngokuthi mikrognoynym. Njengoba ukuqhubeka kwesifo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ubhubhe ubomvu kakhulu zazo degenerated.

Uma foci ukuvuvukala iwe nezilwanyana ezincane putrefactive (ezimweni eziningi amagciwane anaerobic), ubovu exudate liphenduka Putrid. It has a iphunga alandisa umbala ikhuthaza noqhekeko ihlule. Igcwele ukudakwa eliphezulu i umzimba bese inomphumela ayempofu kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa purulent ukuvuvukala kusekelwe nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi kanye nokuqinisekisa uketshezi ekamelweni outflow. Ngezinye izikhathi sidinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala sinjalo magciwane amanxeba. Ukwelashwa yalesi sifo, ingase ibe nomphumela evumayo yelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuphela ngenkathi kususwa kuhlinzwa abolile izinsalela.

oluhambisana ukuvuvukala

Kwezinye izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezifana umbendeni, ingxibongo, isifo, ezinobuthi Umkhuhlane kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini oluhambisana ukuvuvukala exudative. Izizathu kuba ukwandisa permeability ka microvessels kuze izinyembezi zabo. I exudate ngenkathi ubuswa abomvu egazi, ukuze nombala kuhluka pink ibe bomvu emnyama. Ukubonakaliswa sangaphandle oluhambisana ukuvuvukala afana ukopha, kodwa, ngokungafani asetholakele, sekuqashwe exudate wathola erythrocyte nje kuphela kodwa futhi encane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neutrophil ne-macrophage. Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa oluhambisana ukuvuvukala exudative inikezwa okusekelwe uhlobo nezilwanyana ezincane ezaholela ke. Umphumela isifo kungaba ezingezinhle kakhulu, uma imishanguzo is oqale uma umzimba lesiguli akanawo amandla ngokwanele ukuba angamelana isifo.

catarrh

Isici esikhethekile sale sifo iwukuthi exudate ngenkathi kungase kube serous futhi ubovu, futhi oluhambisana, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi izimbici. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kwakheka uketshezi lwamafinyila is. Ngokungafani serous, lembula mucin ngaphezulu elwa namagciwane ejenti lysozyme futhi immunoglobulin Ikilasi. Kumiswa It is ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• ekungenweni amagciwane;
• imiphumela emzimbeni ikhemikhali, amazinga okushisa aphakeme;
• yokuphazamiseka umzimba;
• komzimba (isb rhinitis iguliswa).

Catarrhal ukuvuvukala exudative ukuthi nginesifo ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, catarrh, rhinitis, kolwelwesi, catarrhal nesifo, izifo sibi zokuphefumula, pharyngitis, futhi kungenzeka amafomu oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki. Esimweni sokuqala it is ngokugcwele belashwa emasontweni 2-3. Okwesibili, izinguquko le mucosa - yoma, lapho igobolondo kuba ohlabayo, noma hypertrophy, lapho, kunalokho, le mucosa kuba uqweqwe bese ungakwazi aphume ashone emzimbeni ingaphakathi.

Indima isikhwehlela exudate ngendlela ekabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyasiza umzimba ukulwa nezifo, futhi ngakolunye, ekuqongeleleni yayo imiphumela izimbotshana izinqubo ezengeziwe sokugembula, ezifana isikhwehlela kule sinuses acinene ikhuthaza sinusitis.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa exudative ukuvuvukala catarrhal olwenziwa izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane, Physiotherapy nezindlela bendabuko ezifana iyazifudumeza, hashaza izixazululo ezahlukene, nokudla infusions kanye Iziphungo yamakhambi.

ukuvuvukala Exudative: izici ezithile uketshezi exudative

Ngenhla okukhulunywa futhi chylous psevdohilezny exudates ezivela ukulimala kwemigudu ye-lymph. Ngokwesibonelo, e-webele kungaba ngesikhathi ukudabuka we imbobo thoracic. exudate Chylous mhlophe ngenxa yokubakhona therein we anda amanani fat.

Psevdohilezny Ubuye abe luhlaza olumhlophe, kodwa amafutha akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 0.15% kulo, kodwa kukhona izidakamizwa mucoid, emizimbeni amaprotheni, nukleina, lecithins. Waphawula nge nephrosis lipoid.

White futhi exudate hilusopodobny, nje lona umbala isihlakazeka amaseli degenerated. Lakhiwa ukuvuvukala njalo nolwelwesi serous. Ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu kunjalo isibindi sibe sesomile, pleural - e sofuba, umdlavuza pleura, ugcunsula.

Uma exudate lymphocyte abaningi kakhulu (90%), ubizwa ngokuthi lymphocytic. Ivelele izitsha lapho sofuba pleural. Uma khona imfihlo cholesterol, by Isifaniso ubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol. It has a ukungaguquguquki obukhulu, umbala aphuzi noma sinombala, futhi kungase zimiswe kusuka kunoma iyiphi enye exudative ketshezi inqobo nje uma umgodi lapho zanqwabelana isikhathi eside, nguye reabsorption yamanzi nokumbiwa izinhlayiya.

Njengoba ubona, kukhona izinhlobo eziningi exudates, ngamunye okuyinto isici uhlobo oluthile ukuvuvukala exudative. Futhi, zikhona izimo lapho ngasiphi isifo esisodwa sitholakale okuxubile ukuvuvukala exudative, ezifana sero-fibrous noma seropurulent.

amafomu oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki

ukuvuvukala Exudative kungavuka ifomu oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona. Esimweni sokuqala-ke yimpendulo okusheshayo ugqozi kanye umfutho yakhelwe ukuqeda. Izimbangela lolu hlobo ukuvuvukala kungenzeka eziningi. Okuvame kakhulu:

• ukulimala;
• ukutheleleka;
• ubuthi chemical;
• ukuphazamiseka yiziphi izinhlaka kanye nezinhlelo.

Exudative olunamandla ukuvuvukala libhekene ububomvu kanye ukuvuvukala indawo elimele, ubuhlungu, imfiva. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukutheleleka in iziguli izimpawu imakwe kuphazamiseka autonomic futhi intoxications.

ukuvuvukala olunamandla kuthatha isikhathi esifushane, futhi uma ukwelashwa wenziwa ngendlela efanele, wabelapha ngokuphelele.

Okungalapheki ukuvuvukala exudative ingahlala iminyaka. It imelelwa ubovu bese catarrhal izinhlobo ukuvuvukala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo linokuphulukisa eba izicubu ekubhujisweni. Nakuba ukushisa ezingamahlalakhona ukuthethelelwa nesineke ukhathazekile neze, ke ekugcineni kungaholela Ukuwohloka (cachexia), izinguquko sclerotic izitsha, ukuphazamiseka engelapheki lezitho ngisho kumiswa izimila. Ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze silondoloze isigaba ukuthethelelwa. Kulokhu, anamathela kubaluleke kakhulu efanele yokuphila, ukudla, ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba.