Ukwakheka Igesi yemvelo

Ngaphansi anaerobic (noma i-methane anoxic) ukuvutshelwa senzeka umhlaba biodegradation izinto eziningi eziphilayo lapho kukhululwa i-methane (CH4 - elula hydrocarbon paraffinic). Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa lingachazwa nge ezothando yokusabela: izinto ezivela ezintweni eziphilayo + H2O → CH4 + C5H7NO2 + CO2 + NH4 + H2CO3. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ewusizo imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile. Ihlala zokwakheka komhlaba futhi gaseous noma crystalline (ngesimo igesi hydrates - methane kwakwakhe ngamanzi okuyizinto esigculisayo izingcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye okushisa aphansi kukhona e eyiqhwa) isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase ziyoncibilika emanzini noma uwoyela. Ukwakheka igesi yemvelo akuyona njalo futhi kuhluka insimu nensimu.

Isakhi esiyinhloko lokhu yezimbiwa kuyinto i-methane, okuqukethwe kwawo ku uhla kusuka 91 kuya ku-98%. Futhi equkethwe esindayo ngaphezulu paraffinic hydrocarbon-butane (C4H10), propane (C3H8), ethane (C2H6). Yethula izinto wezinto ezingaphili, okuyizinto: hydrogen (H2), i-nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), i-hydrogen sulfide (H2S), helium (He), umhwamuko (H2O). I izakhiwo kanye nokwakheka igesi yemvelo, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ihanjiswa GOST 5542-87. Le ndinganiso kwemibuso yasungulwa futhi yethulwa e-USSR, futhi manje usebenza ngezindlela eziningana emazweni CIS. Lusebenza igesi fuel yemvelo ukuthi isetshenziswa njengoba amafutha kanye impahla eluhlaza kule mboni, futhi njengoba uphethiloli wemboni yasekhaya.

Kwenzeka ekujuleni ezisukela omunye amakhilomitha amaningana (ngaphansana amafutha), njengoba kwakhiwa it is ngesikhathi ingcindezi ephakeme futhi amazinga okushisa aphakeme. ukujula kwakho kuncike ensimini, isibonelo, eduze okusha Urengoy it is ekhishwe at a 6 km ukujula. Ikhishwa kahle, kusukela igesi phansi ingena ohlelweni iqoqo, bese lingalungiswa bese uyiswa umthengi. Ukuze alungise ukukhwezwa eduze kwemayini futhi bavunyelwe uphiko oluyisipesheli, esiklanyelwe ukususa amanzi (evimbela zokuthutha) nesibabule compounds (izinto ephilayo ukugqwala ezinciphisa imishini esaphila futhi kungaholela ezimweni eziphuthumayo). Ukwakheka igesi yemvelo ihlaziye ngaphambi nangemva iphele it in an ikholomu ukumuncwa kanye ukuhlanzwa-hydrogen sulfide.

Ngo izitshalo bakhiqiza helium. Kulokhu, izinkinga ezimbili isixazululekile. Okokuqala - helium inert (He) kunciphisa izinga izici enikeziwe GOST 5542-87, isibonelo, amandla omlilo ukushisa. Esesibili - elalinikezelwe ukufakwa aphansi-lokushisa ukwehlukana helium kuyadingeka emagatsheni amaningi emnothweni umkhiqizo oluyigugu, it is etholwe emasimini nge okuqukethwe okukhulu kuka-0.1%. helium esusiwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi omkhulu lidluliselwe abathengi e-cylinder ensimbi. Ukwakheka qualitative ane-helium njengendlela ukwakheka igesi ukuthi ihlaziye kokuqukethwe ukungcola laboratories ekhethekile amakhemikhali.

Okuqukethwe izingxenye hydrocarbon ihlaziye ngokusho GOST 23781-87. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti ejwayelekile ukuchaza Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali Igesi yemvelo izindlela chromatographic. Helium, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo ne-methane - chromatograph nge ezishisayo conductivity umtshina, lapho ikholomu chromatographic efakwe nge sieves yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Hydrocarbon ne-carbon dioxide - chromatograph nge ezishisayo conductivity umtshina futhi ikholomu egcwele sferohromom ziphathwe TEGM ether. Okuqukethwe izingxenye C4-C8 - chromatograph nge umtshina ilangabi ionization futhi ikholomu chromatographic igcwele inert okuqinile ukwesekwa (Chromaton) ziphathwe dimethylsilicone noma squalane. Ukwakheka Kubalwa igesi yemvelo e amaphesenti by volume.

Hlola kanye nezinye izici enquma izinga lomkhiqizo, emazingeni ahlukahlukene okukhiqiza, kusukela ngomzuzu zokukhiqiza kuze ukulethwa kumthengi. Ngokwesibonelo, okuqukethwe amanzi setha iphuzu amazolo, GOST 20060-83. I kwabantu eyisihlobo ephakeme futhi ephansi ukubaluleka calorific ibalwa ngokuhambisana GOST 22667-82 futhi esekelwe Ukwakheka ingxenye etholwe izindlela chromatographic sokuhlaziya ngokuvumelana GOST 23781-87. Ukuze ubone ukuthi hydrogen sulfide (H2S) nesibabule mercaptan (RSH) asetshenziswa eyodwa yezindlela ezintathu (fotokalorimetrichesky, potentiometric noma iodometric) echaza GOST 22387.2-97 futhi ekhethiwe kuncike okuqukethwe yezingxenye ihlaziye. Zonke izifundo ngesisekelo okuyinto aba Ukwakheka eyaziwa Igesi yemvelo Kwenziwa laboratories zamakhemikhali, kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo GOST R-ISO /-IEC 17025-2009.