"Ukwakhiwa kweSoviet isimo" etafuleni. Ukwakhiwa likahulumeni waseSoviet: kafushane mayelana main

Ukwakhiwa likahulumeni waseSoviet, etafuleni izinyathelo eziyisisekelo okuzokwenziwa kuboniswe esihlokweni owaqala ngokuvukela Okwesibili Congress. Kwakuthinta ahlangana isikhashana kubalulekile. Petrograd oko izandla abalimi mbuso futhi abasebenzi. Kulokhu, Winter Palace, okuyinto ehlala uhulumeni wesikhashana, wahlala uncaptured. Lolu lwazi kusukela jikelele Yiqiniso esikoleni ezaziwayo. Uhlelo zemfundo "Umlando (Libanga 9)" ukwakheka likahulumeni waseSoviet uchazwa ecindezeleke ngokwanele. Okuvelele amaphuzu enkulumo ayisihluthulelo inqubo izindaba ngohlelo lokulandelana, ke ucubungula ngamunye mkhuba tipping. Ngokulandelako, cabangela izici ephelezelwa ukwakheka likahulumeni waseSoviet. ucwaningo lwabo ngeke kuzosungulwa isifinyezo izenzakalo main.

okwabakhona

Ngobusuku buka-24 kwaba kwaba nesiteleka mlando ka-October 25, 1917. ukuhola kwakhe kwenziwa kusukela Smolny Institute. Amasosha, amatilosi, ngubani abe esehlanganyela naye amaBolshevik, ngaphandle kobudisi matasa izikhundla ukhiye emzini. Okthoba 25 ngesikhathi 2:35 ehholo waqala umhlangano ophuthumayo e-Smolny. It Lenin wamemezela ukuthi inguquko eyafezwa.

Ukwakhiwa likahulumeni waseSoviet: isifinyezo sezinto sifundo (grade 9)

Injongo amakilasi: yazi abafundi onalezizimpawu futhi imiphumela inqubo.

izinjongo:

1. Ukuhlakulela amakhono ne ukuqeqeshwa umbhalo, ahlaziye ikhono lawo wenza ngesisekelo Iwawo.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa onekhono yekuchumana nokuxhumana ngamazwi.
3. Kumiswa nezindaba amakhono design.

Mode zokutadisha: iqembu.

Uhlobo umsebenzi: isifundo ukufunda ulwazi olusha.

amakhono Key lwenteke phakathi umsebenzi:

• Ukuxhumana.
• Yenhlangano.
• Imisebenzi iqembu.
• Sinekhono ukumuncwa into.

Isisetshenziswa: ama-handouts, omaka, iphepha, notebook emabhukwinitifundvo, Ibalazwe "Ukwakhiwa likahulumeni waseSoviet."

uhlelo:

1. Dala iziphathimandla. Ukuqedwa ekilasini nokungalingani kazwelonke.
2. Union of Socialist-mbuso futhi amaBolshevik. The Third iCongress of namaSoviet.
3. Izici ukuphathwa emkhakheni.

Eyokuqala ukuphathwa idokhumenti

Njengoba wakhuthaza isikhalazo weCongress Okwesibili we abalimi, amasosha kanye nezisebenzi. Lo mbhalo kwavunyelwana Okthoba 25, 1917-th. Sikhalo kwathiwa kumiswa likahulumeni waseSoviet. Ngamafuphi, iphepha wamisa uhulumeni omusha kuleli zwe. Kulesi isikhalazo thina washayelwa izinkomba esemqoka kwenqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Ikakhulukazi, wababaza:

• Umhlaba.
• Donation sezwe abalimi.
• Umbuso wentsandvo yelinyenti ibutho.
• Ukwethulwa kwe abasebenzi phezu ukukhiqizwa, kanjalonjalo.

Zonke lezi amaphuzu ngosuku olulandelayo ashiwo zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo izinqumo kuqala "Umhlaba" futhi "Umhlaba". Enye idokhumenti kwamiswa uhulumeni kuqala. ICongress elibusayo okuye kwashiwo ukwakheka komzimba izisebenzi zesikhashana 'futhi abalimi', esanikwa isikhulu igama oPhethe Yabantu Commissars. ikhomishini akhethekile ibuye ukuphathwa emikhakheni ngabanye okuphila kazwelonke. Ukwakheka lezi zindikimba kumele baqinisekise ukuthi ukuqaliswa kohlelo wamemezela Congress. Kumiswa isimo lamaSoviet laqala lapho kusungulwa Commissariats Wabantu:

• Labor.
• Farming.
• ezindabeni zezempi futhi asolwandle.
• Wezohwebo Nezimboni.
• Ezezimali.
• WezeMfundo.
• Foreign Affairs nabanye.

Emaphakathi ophakeme isakhiwo

Bazimisele ukuqhubeka likahulumeni waseSoviet. I Zonke-Russian Congress iye wamemezela njengoba umzimba ophelele. Igunya lwalolu hlelo kwaba ukuze nixazulule noma iyiphi inkinga ezihlobene nokuphathwa yezwe. Congress kwakhiwa VTsIK (Central Executive Committee). Wayenenqolobane njengegunya eliphakeme phakathi congresses. VTsIK ezakhiwe a ukumelwa ezilinganiselwe we amafraktjhini party. Ingxenye yokuqala kwaba amalungu 101. Kulaba, 62 - amaBolshevik, 29 - Kwesokunxele SRS, 6 - Menshevik-internationalists, 3 - Socialists Ukrainian nokukodwa SR-maximalist. USihlalo weKomiti isibe itshe. Njengoba igunya central kwaba CPC. Kwakuthinta eliholwa Lenin. Imininingwane yalolu iziphathimandla ezintsha iwukuba ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi esiphezulu kanye nangokushaywa kwemithetho.

Ngakho, ukwakheka likahulumeni waseSoviet, Izilawuli namandla ezamenyezelwa Second Congress. Wasungula inqubo yokubala imigomo ejwayelekile kwenhlangano kanye nokuqala kwesimiso esisha sokuphatha.

Indima Kwesokunxele SRS

Ngemva ekuthatheni izintambo ngo amaBolshevik bafuna ukwandisa base nomphakathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bona ubambe izingxoxo nezinhlaka ehola Kwesokunxele SRS kuzimo lona wamuva azofakwa CPC ngaphansi kwazo. Emhlanganweni we-Central Executive Committee ekuqaleni kuka November, izwi lesinqumo ebucayini kwavunyelwana. Ngo ogcizelela yokuthi amaqembu sezenhlalo yesivumelwano kungenzeka kuphela uma uqaphela Okwesibili Congress njengoba umthombo ematheni amandla, ohlelweni uhulumeni omusha ngesimo lapho lubonakaliswa izinqumo. Ngo-December, izingxoxo yaphela, futhi umphumela waba uhulumeni womanyano. I umfelandawonye Socialist-mbuso waba neqhaza elikhulu ekwakhekeni likahulumeni waseSoviet, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala emva kwempi. Nge iqhaza ngqo ka athuthukiswe futhi evunyiwe isimemezelo ku amalungelo abantu bexhashazwa kanye nezisebenzi Okwesithathu Congress. Lo mbhalo wamemezela Russian Soviet Republic. Socialist-mbuso kanye amaBolshevik ngazwi linye uvotele ukuphela imisebenzi le ababamele LoMhlangano. Lesi sinqumo iqedwe izithiyo esisemthethweni, kubambezela kumiswa likahulumeni waseSoviet. Ngamafuphi, abanobunye Social Abavukeli avunyelwe ukuxazulula inkinga egqamileyo ukuphathwa - ukuhlanganisa abamele abasebenzi lamasosha amasekela. Lokhu ekubumbaneni senzeka ngesikhathi Okwesithathu Congress ngoJanuwari 1918, lapho ukwakheka entsha ye Central Executive Committee yadalwa. Kwaba khona abangu-129 160 SRS futhi amaBolshevik. Nokho, kwalolu mbimbi akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha ngemva Brest ukuthula Schalkwyk kuphasiswe, kodwa SRS kuqhathaniswa. Ngenxa yalokho, maphakathi no-March 1917, bahamba uhulumeni. Ngo-July, Social Abavukeli nokwambuka, okuyinto Nokho, zacindezelwa ngokushesha. Union igebe ibonisa izinqubo ezenzeka emphakathini, okuyinto kwabangela ukwanda izingxabano zombango. Lokhu kuphikiswa Yiqiniso, washiya isigxivizo yayo kwi ukwakheka likahulumeni waseSoviet.

ama-apharathasi zokuphatha

Ukuphela 1917 - ukuqala 1918 sika. kuphawulwa esikhundleni ayengaphansi izikhulu zikahulumeni emisha. Wadala amadivayisi commissariats nezinye izakhiwo zokuphatha. Ekupheleni kuka-October 1917, kwamiswa abasebenzi abalimi 'samasosha. Isakhiwo CPC bajoyine Cheka - ikhomishana lucwaningo ekulweni ukuketula futhi esiphikisayo revolution. Ekuqaleni kuka-December 1917 kwamiswa Economic Council. Lokhu umzimba kwaba ukusungula nokubusa nezomnotho kuleli zwe ngokusebenzisa nokudidiyela Commissariats kwezomnotho ezikhona. Ngaphezu amaphoyisa kanye Cheka, izingxenye njengoba ebalulekile isimo esisha kwakumelwe lemikhumbi yempi.

Izimpawu uhulumeni omusha

AmaBolshevik zazisekelwe isimo sengqondo nabaholi bayo. Ngemva ekuthatheni amandla, babekubheka njengokuphila igunya ukuphula umshini isimo esidala. AmaBolshevik babekholelwa ukuthi uhlelo lokulawula siphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ayikwazanga ukuxazulula inkinga cutting edge yesimanjemanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bona kuthathwa Amathuba ukulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa okwalandela izakhi ezithile elidala imishini zokuphatha. nalwazi ukwengamela izidumbu esisha inxeshezelwa amakhono yenhlangano kanye nomdlandla wamavukelambuso. I wamaphepha futhi kakhulu isakhiwo se-commissariats kukhona ukwehluka omkhulu izindlela ukuqaliswa imisebenzi yokuphatha. Kwakuyisikhathi angesiwo agcwele futhi inani imizimba emisha. Ezinye Commissariats eziqhutshwa izinyanga 2-3.

Ikakhulukazi ukusungulwa iziphathimandla zendawo

Kwenzeka ngendlela enokuthula, sihlome nokucindezela esiphikisayo revolution. Uhlaka lwezomthetho ukuqeda amandla abamele uhulumeni wangaphambili eziqukethwe ukwelashwa ngenhla, wamemezela ngesikhathi Okwesibili Congress. Isifunda kanye nemizi yesifundazwe, kwathatha uhulumeni omusha kuqhathaniswa kobuhlungu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iziphathimandla emaphakathi ukuthumela e nabameli babo. Ngandlela-thile kuyinkimbinkimbi kwakunjalo ukuphathwa Zemsky. Lokhu kwakubangelwa inani elikhulu neziphathimandla zendawo.

Local Councils, ngaphandle kokuba akwazi esikhundleni isakhiwo emadolobheni lasemakhaya uzama ukusebenzisa kwabo ekuxazululeni izingqinamba wokusebenza kanye lendawo embi kakhulu. Báqondiswa lezi zindikimba SRS futhi amaBolshevik (ukwephula inyunyana).

nje okungaqondile kolwazi

ukuqeqeshwa Yiqiniso ezichazwe ngenhla, enesihloko esithi "Ukwakhiwa likahulumeni waseSoviet (Libanga 9)." Umdwebo ongezansi uchaza ngokufingqiwe idatha zomlando.

isiphetho

Iziphathimandla emaphakathi waqikelela ukuthi kuyenzeka lokho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukusakaza usithonye emkhakheni. Phakathi nenyanga yokuqala, uMkhandlu kwadingeka anhlobonhlobo amandla. Asekela namabutho akhe. Ngo-April 1918, kwathiwa evunywe isiyalezo owawuthi commissar umbusi bayiswa ezibhedlela, ezikhungweni, amayunithi, amasheya kanye nempahla amasheya.

Ezimweni eziningi, emikhandlwini yendawo ungenalo ukuxhumana njalo nehhovisi emaphakathi. Lokhu wabavumela ukuba amakhosi ngokuphelele ezindaweni zabo.