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Anemibala izintambo. Sokuqonda ikhebula wokugubha futhi ngocingo

Umsebenzi kagesi - ngempela kuyindaba enzima ukuthi kungcono ishiyelwe onguchwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Nokho, endabeni kokuba ukuthenga izintambo, izintambo futhi izintambo ahlukahlukene ukufakwa kudingeka ukuba uqonde kophawu yabo. Inkomba ukwahlukanisa umkhiqizo nezinombolo cipher iyona izintambo.

Okwamanje, nomkhiqizi ngamunye umele umkhiqizo wawo amakhodi, kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi, embuka, singakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi umkhiqizo owenziwe, yini le ukalwe ukumelana voltage, uhlobo cross-section, kanye izici nomklamo walo futhi uhlobo ukwahlukanisa.

Ukuze athobele lezi nemingcele, zonke izimboni kanye namabhizinisi, wahlanganyela yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo kagesi balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisa i standard international - GOST. Ukumaka izintambo futhi ikuvumela ukuba kwamandla ukukhomba indawo yesigaba, zero, futhi kwezinye izimo - futhi phansi. Cabanga main imikhiqizo kagesi emakethe.

amakhebuli

amakhebuli kagesi zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningana, kuye ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa. Bangase aqukethe zethusi noma aluminium babashayeli, okuyinto imishayo ziqoqwa ngaphansi izinto iyefana nobe yehlukile emazombezombe eyenziwe ngepulasitiki noma PVC. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona emgodleni ezengeziwe ayisivikelo steel strip.

Kuye umbala isicelo wokugubha izintambo futhi ingase ibe khona ehlukile. Ngakho, ababonakali ngezikhundla:

  • RF izintambo adlulisa amasignali omsakazo nevidiyo.
  • Isignali isilawuli for ukudluliswa noma kwamanye amadivaysi.
  • Amandla izintambo asetshenziswa kumadivayisi zokukhanyisa ukudluliselwa kukagesi. Zingasetshenziswa kokubili ezifuywayo futhi wiring zangaphandle.
  • Ukuze uthumele ukuxhumana asetshenziswa izintambo, uyakwazi siqhuba samanje amaza ezahlukene.
  • zisetshenziselwa Uhlelo izintambo ukulawula ezishintshayo, okuyizinto izintambo zethusi bangaphansi isivikelo, baphambukisa kokuthikanyezwa, futhi nokuthungatha ekuvimbeleni isicelo umonakalo lokukhanda.

wire

Umkhiqizo kumiswa izintambo eziningana noma eyodwa kuphela, okuthiwa wire. Ezimweni eziningi, ikhoyili plastic, wire kancane, kodwa futhi ukuhlangabezana wenze ngaphandle atihambi todvwa.

Okwamanje, okuthandayo ngaphezulu kunikezwa izintambo, okuyinto izintambo zenziwa zethusi noma aluminium. imikhiqizo enjalo asetshenziswa hhayi kuphela umsebenzi kagesi, kodwa futhi njengoba nenjini emazombezombe.

Aluminium izintambo ezinamanani aphansi ongaphakeme, kodwa kusimo enkulu kubhekwa azinakwenzeka ukuxhuma ngawo nabanye, isibonelo, ithusi. Brassware ukumelana kahle umthwalo, kodwa ngaphandle oxidize ngokushesha futhi ayabiza.

Ukumaka izintambo zikagesi futhi kuncike nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Ukufakwa kanye nokusebenzisa amandla, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo. Assembly yena, asetshenziswa ukuqoqwa kagesi e amabhodi noma imishini noma zingasebenzi emsakazweni.

izintambo

I intambo yakhiwa emithanjeni eziningana nge ingxenye encane engu- okuyinto aqukethe izintambo eziningi munye. Ngokuvamile, lokhu mkhiqizo kagesi bethula balahleke izintambo, ikhoyili okuyinto non-metallic.

Ukusetshenziswa eyinhloko izintambo akhawunti uxhumano kunethiwekhi izinto zezimboni nendlu.

incwadi ikhodi

Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo kagesi kufanele ifakwe ilebuli ngokuhambisana GOST. Incwadi yokuqala amele izinto ezisetshenziselwa core senziwa. Uma liyithusi, lencwadi alinikeziwe uma aluminium, ke kuphawulwa incwadi "A".

Sokuqonda ikhebula wokugubha kanye wire kutsi lena yincwadzi yesibili uchaza nohlobo impahla noma ukwahlukanisa. It kuncike hlobo wire, singatlolwa bunjesi "P", "M", "MG", "K", "Y", okuhambelana flat, obandayo, yokwanda babashayeli nezimo, ukulawula izintambo futhi asho obandayo. Ukufakwa kungabuye iphawulwe ngokuthi "R" noma u- "W".

Okulandelayo, Incwadi yesithathu, libhekisela imikhiqizo ikhoyili impahla:

  • "K" - monofilament;
  • "C" - fiberglass;
  • "BP" noma "P" - PVC;
  • "F" - insimbi;
  • "E" - kwakuvikela;
  • "P" - iraba;
  • "MINA" - koqweqwe lwawo;
  • "T" - isithwali emazombezombe ne esifubeni;
  • "HP" noma "H" - nayritovaya;
  • "L" - lacquered;
  • "G" - emazombezombe abaphilayo nezimo;
  • "O" futhi "W" - polyamide kasilika njengoba eluka noma atihambi todvwa.

I izintambo futhi angase abe incwadi wesine, echaza nesakhiwo nezimpawu zokuhlela umkhiqizo kagesi:

  • "K" - wire izintambo armored ka isiyingi kwesigaba esiphambanweni;
  • "A" - asphalt wire;
  • "T" - umkhiqizo asetshenziswe amashubhu;
  • "B" - kuze kudabuke umhlane armored;
  • "O" - khona emgodleni zokuzivikela;
  • "D" - I-wire - nezimo, futhi ikhebula - ngaphandle ukuvikelwa.

Digital wokugubha

Ukumaka izintambo kagesi of idijithi yokuqala libonisa inani cores, uma engekho, umqhubi has umqhubi eyodwa kuphela. Idijithi lesibili nelesithathu limelela usayizi wire ngamamilimitha isikwele kanye ukalwe ukumelana voltage.

isisekelo

Iningi imibala izintambo eklanyelwe lula umsebenzi Izintambo zikagesi ezisobala kanye ukuphepha ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Ngokusho kokubusa idivayisi kagesi ngabodwa phansi umqhubi kufanele ibe nombala ogqamile ephuzi. Kwezinye izimo, umbala kungase kube luhlaza kuphela noma ophuzi kuphela.

Ukuze earthing izintambo umbala wokugubha sisetshenziswa noma longitudinally noma transversely. Wiring umdwebo "phansi" ngokuvamile yi- izinhlamvu "RE", okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi i-zero Ukuvikelwa.

zero

Oxhumana kokungathathi hlangothi ongaqhubeki voltage icala, kodwa kuphela umhlahlandlela. I izintambo umbala ukuba tint bluish noma okwesibhakabhaka. Zero kulombhalo wesifunda kungenziwa eyabizwa ngokuthi «N».

isigaba

Isigaba umqhubi njalo amandla uma ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi. Ukumaka ezinemibala isigaba babashayeli kungase elasungulwa shades eziningi umbala - brown, black, ikhayeni, onsomi, grey, nabanye. Kodwa iningi babashayeli isigaba are mhlophe noma lube mnyama.

PEN-umqhubi

Kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo yokuhlala noma ikamelo njalo kufanele kube phansi noma angaphinde wiring. Okwamanje, ukuziphatha langempela isisekelo TN-C-system ukuthi uhlanganisa ngokuhlanganisa wire ngabakwaTNS. I izintambo umbala esikhulu isimiso esinjalo, ngeke kudlule ophuzi ukuze okwesibhakabhaka.

Okokuqala sidinga ukwehlukana umqhubi ku amasondo amabili - PE kanye N, okuyinto kamuva oxhumene jumper phakathi noma emaphethelweni ezimbili. Khona-ke kabusha kutsho ibhasi PE futhi uhlole ukumelana.

Indlela ukuchaza phansi, ongachemile isigaba?

Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi ukulungisa noma kulungiswe wiring kuyadingeka ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi wire okuyinto. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi izintambo ngombala lena akuyona sizana kusukela ngenxa yokuphila isikhathi eside, noma kuleli cala, short circuit akunakwenzeka.

Asikwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokusebenzisa inkomba ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela, edume ngokuthi "ukulawula ukuphrinta". Le ndlela kufanelekile esimweni kunethiwekhi eyodwa okhombisa ngaphandle emhlabeni wire. Okokuqala, kuzomele kube ucisha ugesi ukuncibilikisa zombili babashayeli e hlangothi nakuloluya futhi isihlangu kagesi. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuletha lo ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela inkomba komunye izintambo. Uma ukukhanya oku ", ukulawula ukuthi ubani" zikhanyiswe, ngokulandelana, wire futhi ngeke sengeta, futhi okusele siphile - zero.

Uma emithathu umqhubi wiring sencazelo ngamunye izintambo, ungasebenzisa multimeter. Le divayisi izintambo ezimbili. Okokuqala kufanele isethelwe voltage ngokulinganisa of 220 volts. Ngemva kwalokho multimeter eyodwa wire silungise ku ukuxhumana isigaba, kanye nezinye ukucacisa phansi noma hlangothi. Uma wire sesibili sitholakala emhlabeni wire ku ukufundwa ithuluzi izomashela kancane ngezansi 220, futhi uma zero, lo voltage ngeke bayeke ngaphakathi volts 220.

Indlela yesithathu yokunquma izintambo ingasetshenziswa endabeni ngakwesokunene kwakungelona ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela noma multimeter. Lokhu kungasiza izintambo, okuyinto kunoma isiphi isimo ukuhlukanisa ekuqaleni zizomakwa ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka blue imibala. Asele amaphini amabili kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukunquma.

Uma omunye umbala oxhumana nabo kanye nabanye emnyama noma emhlophe, kungenzeka ukuba isigaba umbala. Ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ubudala, umbala omnyama nomhlophe limelela wire phansi.

Futhi, ngokuvumelana nemithetho ye ukufakwa zikagesi, umbala omhlophe imakwe esiqintini wire.

Labelling DC wesifunda

wire wokugubha inethiwekhi DC voltage has a bomvu umbala ukwahlukanisa plus, futhi omnyama - ukuze lokususa. Uma inethiwekhi kuyinto ezintathu okhombisa, isigaba ngasinye kuyodingeka abe nombala ohlukile ethize: obomvu, ophuzi noluhlaza okotshani. Zero kanye emhlabathini, njengenjwayelo, kuyoba okwesibhakabhaka kanye ophuzi.

Uma entry ikhebula at 380 volts, wire isigaba kumelwe ilingane abamnyama, abamhlophe futhi abomvu ukwahlukanisa nombala hlangothi, futhi "umhlaba" izohlala ingashintshiwe, njengoba kunjalo inethiwekhi 220 volts.

Self-ukuhlonza izintambo

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuntula umbala ofanele, ungakwazi ngokuzimela ukushintsha umbala wire oyisebenzise emhlabathini, isigaba kanye emhlabathini. Kulokhu, kulungiswa izintambo wokugubha kuyoba usizo kakhulu.

Ungenza emamaki encane izintambo, ezingasetshenziswa kamuva wusizo kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa futhi anemibala kagetsi bese mpahla wire ngokuhambisana wokugubha.

Kuze kube manje, ukufuneka kakhulu ekupheleni imikhono, okuyizinto amashubhu plastic anemibala, uyakwazi ukushisa ukuncipha. Endabeni amathayi futhi kuyadingeka ukuze ubheke wire kuphelile.

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