Lisho ukuthini "Russian Iqiniso" Pestel?

Futhi "UMthethosisekelo" Muraviev futhi "Iqiniso Russian" Pestel kubhekwe ukuba omunye wemithombo eyinhloko esingakwazi bacwaninge izinkolelo Decembrists. Kwakuthinta yalugunyaza idokhumende ebhaliwe yinhloko Southern Society.

Nokho, "uMthethosisekelo" ehlongozwayo ngu Nikitoy Mihaylovichem Muravevym, aluthola ngesikhathi udumo futhi zibonisa ukubukwa zezombusazwe zalo amalungu Northern Society.

P. I. Pestel "Iqiniso Russian": umlando ukudalwa idokhumenti

Amaphuzu ayinhloko "izitifiketi agodliwe" ndawonye kwethulwa phambi Southern Ezomphakathi evunywe kuye ngo-1823. Kodwa igama layo ngokugcwele idokhumenti kwaba kamuva ngonyaka. Pestel P. I. abasebenze brainchild yakhe eminyakeni emine. It ekuqaleni wayehlose ukubhala izahluko eziyishumi, kodwa ngenxa yalokho ayemahlanu kuphela: izizwe ababehlala ezweni, futhi izigodi, lapho abahlala emhlabeni, futhi abantu kokubili civil kanye nemigomo zezombusazwe. Uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka soMthethosisekelo omusha we Decembrist abangu lathathwa zefilosofi we Ukukhanyiselwa.

"Iqiniso Russian" Pestelya P. I. ku umbuzo kazwelonke

Pavel Ivanovich aphakanyisiwe sokuhlukanisa sonke isibalo sabantu ngezigaba ezintathu:

1) izizwe Slavic.

2) Native abantu Russian.

3) Izizwe wajoyina eRussia.

Kwavezwa, isibonelo, ukuba axoshe amaRom e imingcele, uma ungavumelani basenkolweni Orthodox. AmaSulumane kungasindisa inkolo, kodwa ukulahla isithembu. AmaJuda, esimweni baqhubeka sengqondo esinenzondo asifuni maqondana amaKristu, kumele kuqoqwe futhi badingiselwa Turkey, kulandele ekwakhekeni nombuso wamaJuda lapho.

"Iqiniso Russian" Pestelya P. I. ku amalungelo ezakhamizi

Zonke izakhamuzi siyalingana phambi komthetho, ukuziphendulela, isivivinyo entsha saphathwa kubo. Madoda, kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amabili, athole ilungelo lokuvota. It kuhlinzekelwe inkululeko engokwenkolo, ukunyakaza, yokuhlangana, cindezela bese inkulumo. Uqinisekisa bangasephula ekhaya futhi umnikazi walo.

"Iqiniso Russian" Pestelya P. I. ngezindaba zomphakathi

Pavel Ivanovich kakhulu wakhuthaza leyo ezweni ukusungula i-republic. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi uhulumeni ngemva kokugumbuqelwa emandleni obukhosi bekuyoba ebumbene. Iplani kwakungukuthi ukwehlukana Russia yaba izifunda (eziyishumi), okuyinto sizofaka ezifundeni eziyisihlanu noma izifundazwe, abahlanganyela yena, ku povets noma izifunda, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - ku elokishini. Nizhny Novgorod, uVladimir kufanele ukubiza bese ukuhambisa inhlokodolobha emuva. Umuzi uVladimir, ukugwema ngenakugwemeka ukudideka Klyazminym ucingo, njengoba umiphi ngokuqondene emfuleni Klyazma. Popular Assembly, ehlanganisa abantu abangamakhulu ayisihlanu, kwakufanele isishayamthetho, futhi eyayibusa Duma - yesigungu. Abantu abahlanu ezakha zakamuva, iminyaka emihlanu yayiyobizwa abakhethwe Yabantu Chamber. I okhonzile eyayibusa UDuma kwakufanele zonke zezinkonzo.

"Iqiniso Russian" Pestelya P. I. empikiswaneni umhlaba

Kuhloswe serfdom kukhanselwe ngokuphelele. Maqondana umhlabathi olimekayo Pestel ebucayini. Yayala ukuba nengxenye eyodwa kufanele uhambe nezidingo zenhlalo, kanti eyesibili - zisekhona ezandleni bamazwe. Izwe evela kubanikazi bako ungakwazi ukuqasha abalimi ukuhlela amapulazi amakhulu bese ukuheha abasebenzi ezikhokhelwayo kakhulu. Lesi sinqumo Pestel wachaza iqiniso lokuthi abalimi abanalo dolobha noma imfundo okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu anawo afanele umhlaba. Noma kunjalo, kungase kubonakale sengathi, umkhawulo isikhathi lowo msebenzi wakhe wokwakha wayengaphezu nje kokuba umuntu olukhulu.