Ulenga semishayweni: izinhlobo, ukufakwa

Kunoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukwakha uphahla. It ebangela ingcindezi mechanical eqhweni ebusika, abalulekile umoya imithwalo futhi umphumela kwezulu. Yingakho ophahleni senqubo yokukhiqiza kudinga nokuqikelela nasekubulaleni yonke imisebenzi ngokunemba okuphelele kanye nokunemba.

umehluko

Ukwakhiwa kophahla, kanye iningi eminye imisebenzi ku ukwakhiwa yendlu ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana. Idivayisi ye semishayweni uhlanganyela ungomunye wabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi truss izici zobuchwepheshe kohlelo ingahluka kakhulu.

Umehluko omkhulu ubeqhakambisa iveli ukwesekwa izakhi phezu mauerlat kwesakhiwo nomunye futhi ngezansi noma phezu yokhalo ingxenye. Okusho ukuthi zitholakala ngaphandle kokusekelwa mpo, ngaphandle okuyinto asikwazi ukwenza kwetinhlavu uhlelo naslonnoy.

Lokuthi kunilungele ukusebenzisa i samuntu anjalo esikhathini ukungabi lokubizwa izindonga zangaphakathi isakhiwo. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa, uma kunesidingo, ukusetshenziswa isikhala ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Njengoba i ukwakhiwa isibonelo kophahla mansard.

Umklamo semishayweni uhlanganyela oqhubeka izakhiwo izindonga okuncane umthwalo mechanical - kuba nezindleko ongenakugwenywa ukungabi lichaza ekwakheni ezisekelweni mpo. Ngakho-ke, ilungiselelo uhlelo truss okunjalo akukhona ngaphandle okuthiwa screed. Kuyinto isici nendawo ibekwe overtighten semishayweni, ngibonga kule odongeni angaphansi ukucindezeleka kuyancipha okuncane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezingeni nokwehlisa inhlangano screed kwandisa ngempumelelo.

isithunzi

uhlelo Umkhqizi, enziwe ilungiselelo choma has a lot of kokusebenza omuhle. Quality nasekubulaleni abanekhono amandla ophahleni eyanele nokwehlisa imithwalo umthelela bafakela ke. Kuqhathaniswa naslonnoy uhlelo, it has isisindo kancane, okuyinto kunciphisa umthwalo jikelele phezu izakhiwo odongeni, ngokulandelana, ngesisekelo endlini.

Through isicelo of izingxenye ezimbalwa ukwaziswa okuncane iyadingeka ukudala Trusses ukulengiswa.

Naslonnye nemishayo yokhuni uhlanganyela

Uma indlu has a dolobha odongeni kwangaphakathi, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa naslonnaya uhlelo ekwakhiweni kophahla njengoba isakhiwo support. Kuye umehluko esiyinhloko siwukuthi ebukhoneni isici sangaphakathi ezengeziwe kokuba Ukugcizelelwa ikholomu noma kwangaphakathi eziveza udonga. Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo udluliselwa ukudluliswa kuphela bend. Phakathi izinzuzo zalesi ukwakhiwa, kuyafaneleka isisindo sayo iphansana, kanye nesidingo ukusebenzisa esincane impahla for ukwakhiwa.

Ukuze izimo, isibonelo kule ukukhishwa kophahla olulodwa phezu nezipani eziningana, kudinga ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kokubili izinhlelo naslonnyh kanye nokumisa. Imishayo, naslonnoy isakhiwo ISIZINDA kule samuntu isetshenziswa kuleyo ngxenye endlini lapho kukhona ukwesekwa yasekhaya, ngokulandelana, lapho bengakwenzi, sokuxazulula kwenye ohlelweni.

izigaba ukwakhiwa

Ngemva ekutholeni uhlobo Trusses zingafundwa ukwakhiwa uqobo. Ukuze uqale, umdwebo kwendikimba wenziwa. Kumele ngokushesha kuqashelwe ukuthi kuyinto efiselekayo ukuphathisa ochwepheshe, ngoba anobungcweti nakho kulo mkhakha. Ukuhlanganiswa izibalo ezingeni we ongelutho - umsebenzi kunalokho esiyingozi kusukela design zingenziwa amaphutha engaholela Kamuva ungashintsha ubuqotho uhlelo ophahleni noma ekubhujisweni kwaso.

Uma umdwebo idaliwe, ke iqala imisebenzi eyengeziwe, okungukuthi ukufakwa mauerlat. Kufanelekile kulesi imishayo yokhuni kokuba Ingxenye evundlile 20x20 cm, ibekwe phezu izindonga ipherimitha futhi uqina. Udinga ukuba banake yokuthi i mauerlat kudingeka sivikelwe umswakama, ngakho impahla ekhethekile igibele ngaphansi kwaso, isibonelo, ukufulela impahla.

Lapho usebenzisa i-block noma isitini for ukwakhiwa izindonga, ezidingekayo ukuze afeze kwakuzosuswa screed ukhonkolo azungeze yawo, futhi kungaleyo ndlela kuphela ukubeka mauerlat.

Njengoba indaba for semishayweni kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-block ngokhuni nge cross kwesigaba 20X5 cm. Uma kudingeka, wabona off ubude ofanele, ngohlangothi engezansi ukusikeka ekhethekile zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayeke endaweni mauerlat okuqinile.

semishayweni Ulenga ingafakwa usebenzisa yokhalo elisinika rigidity ezengeziwe kwesakhiwo. Ekuhleleni trusses Uphahla ngaphandle uxhumano engxenyeni engenhla kumele enziwe focus hhayi baprofetha ngasikhathi sinye.

Kukhona okukhethwa kukho ezimbili obandayo zimi: ukufakwa ngazimbili ezimbili zokuqala elingaphandle izinyawo nge yokhalo, wayesezibeka ukuphumula, noma i-oda. Okuningi ayethanda samuntu kuqala, ngoba ngenxa ke ingatholakala ngesikhathi ukonga kanye umklamo eziqinile, ezinzile ukuze izinhlobo eziningi imithwalo.

Ukuze womshini luyakhukhumeza wasebenzisa ukwaziswa okufanayo ngokuqondene semishayweni. Kokuqina shelwe evundlile. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, ephansi indawo yayo, ngcono kuyizici yayo. Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele leli qiniso, lapho kubaluleke ngokukhethekile uma uhlela ukuqhuba isikhala ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. In the ukungabikho usayizi ofanele ugodo ukwakha kokuqina angasebenza umunwe umsiki ngokuhlanganyela.

Ulenga semishayweni: ukuklanywa izingxenye

Lapho ufaka uhlelo ukumiswa indlela ebalulekile yokuxhuma ISIZINDA. Ngaphezu nokubopha nge ngezikulufo noma izipikili, ukuba kwakwakhe kwamanje ngokuphula nati imishudo, izimbobo basuke yamba le njongo ezindaweni ezithile.

Kuphoqelekile ukusebenzisa ukusikeka zobuchwepheshe. Ukuze kwakwakhe ngamunye truss izakhi uhlelo kumele eyenziwe okungenani izici ezimbili fastener. Njengoba isibonelo, ezimbili kokuqina yasibamba ngezikulufo noma izipikili, kulandele ekhangayo induku threaded.

izakhi kwesihenqo

Lapho uhlelo efakwe ukulengiswa semishayweni, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula mayelana ukwakheka uphahla. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ubude babo ekuqaleni walala usayizi semishayweni, kodwa izindleko zokuhlinzwa ukwakhiwa ngenxa yalokhu kwanda. Ukuze isabelomali yokukhiqiza overhangs isicelo ibhodi nhlangothi zombili, kabani nemingcele zimumethe 10x5 cm. Kwakheka therefrom "Intethe", ubude bazo kufanele kukhethwe ngendlela ezomenza akwazi ukuba kuyendlulela ku semishayweni phezulu kwaba okungenani 50 cm. Fastener by izingxenye kochungechunge .

Ngo mauerlat ababulawa ukusikeka obudingekayo uxhumano baqaphe. Ukuze udlulisele anda amandla mechanical phakathi "Intethe" futhi fixed inkomba ibha usayizi encane, okuyinto eqondiswa ohlangothini kulo uphahla futhi engxenyeni engenhla mauerlat.

Compound Trusses eyenziwa agqagqene futhi Butt. Ngo samuntu sokuqala, imishayo ukulengiswa awashintsheki komunye nomunye by bolting. Eyesibili amandla ISIZINDA enamathiselwe amapuleti, okuyizindawo ipuleti metal noma ebhodini.

Cornice kwakwakhe Trusses kanye kokuqina ifindo wenziwa orthogonal frontal notching kokuba izinyo elilodwa noma double, kanye amapuleti noma amabhodi.

Okushiwo lwaleli esingunxantathu

i samuntu okunjalo semishayweni truss iyona elula. Ngesisekelo nemengamo ku tincenye letintsatfu: umshayo ovundlile (kokuqina) okuyinto elungisa neveli span semishayweni maphakathi noma ezansi, futhi olwehlelayo semishayweni imilenze emibili kuhlanganiswe phezulu. Kokuqina kwakhiwa kusukela izinduku steel noma imishayo yokhuni, ithatha izintambo amandla ukuhlela ngakho adluliselwa izindonga zangaphandle umthwalo mpo yendlu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba lula kakhulu ipulazi yesaphothi isakhiwo odongeni: it is agibele amahhashi esikhundleni ibhodi evamile mauerlat, esisetshenziselwa usabalalise umthwalo ekhona.

Esikhundleni kumila kube semishayweni ibekwe kokuqina isidingo ukudala i phansi ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Isetshenziselwa asekelayo izibuya Lesisemkhatsini. Kwezinye izimo, kokuqina igibele ezingeni eliphakeme. Ngakho okwandisa ukucindezeleka eqine ukuthi ziwele phezu kwayo, kodwa Trusses span yehla eguqa amabutho.

lwaleli uphinyiselwe umshudo

Lokhu ipulazi kungukubonakala ifana ophahleni gable nge ukulengiswa semishayweni, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, ngesimo unxantathu. Umehluko oyinhloko esetshenziswa ukwesekwa obondeni. I transom lwaleli isisekelo semishayweni ilungiswe anemifantu, olutholakalayo mauerlat. Ezindongeni, ngaphezu amabutho mpo futhi eze spacers. I midspan ukukhwezwa kokuqina (kule ndlela, ibizwa ngokuthi umshudo efile) futhi isetshenziselwa kokucindezelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, kulula ukukhweza semishayweni kanye imishayo.

Arch ukumiswa okushiwo

Uma uhlanganyela ophahleni semishayweni has a ububanzi ezingaphezu kuka-6 m, kunzima ngokwanele ukuhlomisa elula emithathu isici ipulazi. Okokuqala, ukwenziwa kokuqina lokhu usayizi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukusesha ibha. Okwesibili, eside Puff sags maphakathi isisindo esindayo. Ngakho-ke, ukumiswa isetshenziswa njengophawu lwaleli ibhekwa - umniningwane elihlanganisa kokuqina isikhungo kanye phezulu lwaleli. I element kokuqina yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili, ngo-bolting. ukumiswa Ngokhuni uvame ukubizwa ugogo wakhe, nensimbi - tyazhem.

Arch lomnyango uhlobo ngisebenzisa izinduku nezinsimbi

Ukuze wehlise kuka, etholakala imishayo, struts lwaleli ukumiswa kunezelwa, okuyinto esithambekele izakhi chweba semishayweni maphakathi span. Ngakho i-abutment ngokwabo ukumiswa struts esetshenziswa.

isiphetho

Lapho ephetha ngenhla kuyafaneleka ukuthi ngenxa abulawe efanele kwenkokhelo kanye nemisebenzi Imininingwane, uhlanganyela semishayweni ngu Ukusebenza akusizi naslonnym. Ngaphezu ukuzinza kanye namandla high, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi ukwakhiwa ivumela ukwakha isikhala elisophahleni, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku izinjongo zezomnotho noma nezinye. Endabeni ilungiselelo kophahla mansard, lesi simiso truss ukhetho ekahle.