Ulimi Tuvan: umlando omfushane futhi isimo samanje

Russia bekulokhu ezweni multi-yobuhlanga, okuyinto manje ekhaya abantu engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ahlukene. Nakuba ulimi olusemthethweni kulo lonke state Russian, njalo isizwe unelungelo ukulondoloza nokuthuthukisa ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko. ulimi Tuvan, basakaza ikakhulukazi endaweni weRiphabhulikhi Tyva, ubhekwa eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo futhi ngezinye ulimi olufanayo egqamile ezweni lethu.

izici Jikelele

ulimi Tuvan kungokwalabo iqembu Turkic, okungukuthi ngokohlu lozalo kuhlobene Kazakh, isiTatar, Azerbaijani, kanye nabanye.

Ngokomlando iqembu yobuhlanga Turkic kuxazululwe phezu nsimu enkulu evela eChina eYurophu, yibona abanqoba imiphakathi zendawo ongakufunda konke. izilimi Turkic kukhona eziningi ezinhlobonhlobo ezilapho, kodwa sonke sihlanganyela inqwaba onkamisa imigqa phambi futhi phakathi (a, e, u, o), kuhlanganise kabili nokudlanga Isijobelelo bheke indlela.

Ingxenye lucebe ye zaseTuva kukhona enkulu yokuqukethwe ukuboleka kusuka-Mongolian, Russian futhi Tibetan.

zamagama Tuvan uvele kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Iskriphthi wokuqala owadalwa okusekelwe izinhlamvu zesiLatini. Ngo-1941, i-alfabhethi kwadlulela zamagama zesiCyrillic, okuyinto kwakuhambelana nokuka uhlelo uhulumeni wase-USSR ukwakha incwadi eyodwa kubo bonke republic.

ulimi Tuvan has isimo esemthethweni e-Republic of zaseTuva, kodwa futhi ibizwa okukhulunywa ezisenyakatho Mongolia. Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 eziyinkulungwane. Media.

Kungenzeka yini ukufunda ulimi Tuvan

Ukuze abantu Russian ukufunda ulimi kuwumsebenzi esikhundleni nzima. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani isiRashiya, abahlala zaseTuva kanye Tuvan onolwazi, okumenza amaphesenti angaphezu kwelilodwa. Kukholakala ukuthi lolu limi kungcono ukufunda labo abazana omncane nezinye izilimi Turkic, ezifana Kazakh.

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa Tuvan akudingeki ukuya zaseTuva elikude, ulwazi oluyisisekelo, ungathola ngokwakho ku nezinsiza ekhethekile kanye nezincwadi.

Kufanele ukuthi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zamagama Tuvan uvele engaphansi kwekhulu edlule, lolimi zezilimi Russian waqala ukuchaza eminyakeni engamashumi ayisihlanu ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe kokuqiniswa Tuvan.

Manje enye yezincwadi abahlonishwayo kuleli wokulandisa F. G. Iskhakova kanye AA Palmbaha, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1961 Kulesi okokufundisa ungabona amafonethiki kanye morphology we Tuvan.

Umhlahlandlela esanda kunyatheliswa KA Bicheldeya "Khuluma Tuvan". Lokhu okokufundisa kuhloswe labo abaqala nje ukufunda ulimi. Iqukethe umzimba, ukufingqa lolimi kanye nemisindo yamagama, silulumagama kanye akhethiwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo lisha umfundi.

Amanye amagama nemisho ngolimi Tuvan

Izazi zolimi zihlukaniswe zezigodi ezine ulimi: eningizimu-empumalanga, entshonalanga, ezimaphakathi nezwe, bese okuthiwa Todzha. Ngesisekelo ulimi etemibhalo lufakwa emaphakathi lwesigodi. Lokho-ke ishicilela izincwadi, nakomagazini, nezinhlelo zethelevishini umkhiqizo.

Nazi ezinye amazwi Tuvan ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukuxhumana kwansuku zonke.

Tuva ulimi izichazamazwi

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo izichazamazwi eziningi ulimi Tuvan. Kuyi-Internet kukhona ngisho abahumushi abambalwa inthanethi. Nokho, lapho namanje akwaziwa ukuthi zakudala izincwadi.

Njengoba ithuluzi wafuna ukulufunda lolu limi ukweluleka Tuvan-Russian Dictionary, eyahlelwa ER Tenisheva. Lo msebenzi yanyatheliswa ngo-1968, eneminyaka kodwa namanje onegunya kokubili inani impahla eqoqwe (angaphezu kuka-20 eziyinkulungwane. Amagama) kanye nokuchazwa indlela amagugu.

Labo abathanda emlandweni ulimi, ingasiza enomthamo omningi isichazamazwi etymological, ihlanganiswe sezilimi B. I. Tatarintsevym.

izincwadi Tuvan

Izinkondlo futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ngalolu limi ezithakazelisayo livela njalo, kodwa namanje Kuhle kokusho ezinye abalobi Tuvan: Sagan-ool VS Mongush DB Olchey-ool MK, BD Hovenmey izincwadi Tuvan basungula ngemva kokudalwa kuka-alfabhethi, okungukuthi, ne-yalolucwaningo 30 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka.

Uma ubhekene bemangele ukuthi umsindo izinkondlo Tuvan Tuvan ulimi, singathola izinkondlo ku-intanethi. Ikakhulu, i-site "Ababhali Imikhiqizo Izibuyekezo" noma "Vkontakte". Esizindeni somphakathi kukhona imisebenzi Lama Ooredii waseRoma nabanye abalobi abaningi banamuhla, abathandi ezweni lawo futhi bafuna ukusekela esikweni lesizwe.

Tuva uhulumeni uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa ulimi lwendabuko, ngoba isibalo abathwali Tuvan lehla njalo ngonyaka, futhi Russian kuyaqabukela wenyuselwa ekutadisheni lolu limi ngenxa yinkimbinkimbi yayo.

Umculo ezikude zaseTuva

iculo Tuvan babe imiculo, kazwelonke agqamile ngokuvamile zifane chants Shamanic lasendulo. Abathandi abantu Motifs kungenziwa belulekwa ukulalela Hoonah Hurt futhi Chilchilgina .. Kulabo abakhetha pop-chanson isitayela futhi ujabulele Nachyn, Ayan Sedip futhi Andrian Kuna Siirin.

Phakathi kwezinye abaculi owayephila ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa Shyngyraa, igridi Skipper, Ertine Mongush, Chincha Samba futhi Igor Ondara futhi Kherel Mekper-ool. Thola umculo lezi abaculi kungaba zokuxhumana nabantu kanye kumawebhusayithi akhethekile. Nokho, alungele yokuthi izingoma Tuvan, ngisho egcwele pop noma chanson, kuhluke kumculo bese isigqi umculo entshonalanga.