Ulwelwe Brown: incazelo emfushane uMnyango

ulwelwe Brown kukhona iqembu kwamanani izitshalo ezihlala ngokuyinhloko emanzini olwandle. Kuze kube manje, zilwane, eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela eyaziwa okuyinto ngokuhamba yokuziphendukela kwemvelo baye bathuthela angenasawoti ezindaweni.

UMnyango Kelp: body building

Zonke amalungu alesi umnyango zingumzimba ezinamangqamuzana amaningi - amafomu abaphathi bamakoloni unicellular wempilo kungukuthi kwembulwe. Njengoba for the size, zingaba amathuluzi ehlukene kakhulu - efana ngamaqabunga kungaba ezincane, futhi sifinyelele amamitha ambalwa ubude. Akwaziwa nezitshalo zasolwandle yonyaka, kodwa kukhona labo aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-18.

Uma sikhuluma ukuma nokwakheka kwe-thalli, kukhona ukwehluka nokubusa. izimila zasolwandle umzimba kungase kuhilele sesigcilikisha izingqimba, izikhwama, soma noma otshanini encane. Ukuze substrate iduduzekile noma isitshalo nge ongayedwana namkha rhizoids uhlelo.

Integument emelelwa udonga cell, okuyinto ngokuvamile siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili (izingqimba emithathu unabameleli). I yangaphandle ikhava ungqimba siqukethe ngokuyisisekelo pectin izinto futhi liqukethe polysaccharides sulfated. Isendlalelo kwangaphakathi equkethwe ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi cellulose zesivikelo sesifuba.

Borax ulwelwe: iseli isakhiwo

Kuvele isici esibalulekile amaseli ehlelekile kuba phambi plastids. Abameleli leli qembu izitshalo, iseli ngalinye iqukethe inqwaba chloroplast encane evuthiwe. Plastids ezilenyawo ezine ulwelwesi. Ngokuvamile, uma kubanda ulwelwesi olungaphandle ulwelwesi chloroplast ludlulele ngaphakathi lo reticulum endoplasmic noma i-nucleus. Kepha i-chlorophyll, lapha linikezwa amafomu A, C1 no C2.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, plastids ulwelwe iqukethe fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin ne-beta-carotene, futhi isici esibalulekile ukuze izitshalo Taxonomy.

I kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana eyodwa kuphela, nakuba zikhona ezinye multi-zilwane. Umkhiqizo eyinhloko hrizolaminarin ezisele ukuthi zibekwe vacuoles ezikhethekile noma njengoba elimbudumbudu cytoplasmic.

Kelp nokukhiqizwa

Abamele le umnyango zingandiswa vegetatively, ngokobulili kanye asexually. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, cloning Kwenziwa sokuhlukanisa thallus. Kodwa, isibonelo, ficus ku ematheni umzimba kukhona iqembu namangqamuzana akhethekile ezingenza abe incibilikiswa entsha uma kudingeka.

Njengoba ngenqubo asexual, avame ke Kwenziwa esebenzisa zoospores. ezimbalwa kuphela zezinhlanzi nokuzala esebenzisa mono esinqunyiwe noma tetraspor. By the way, zoospores futhi gametes - kuphela indlela khona flagellates kelp.

Njengoba ngenqubo ngokobulili, kungaba:

• Isogamous (sperm amaqanda usayizi ofanayo).
• Heterogamic (gametes owesilisa nowesifazane ube gametes ezahlukene).
• Oogamnym (gametes besilisa mancane futhi ephathekayo, kuyilapho abesifazane oogonia ahlale umile futhi ezahlukene usayizi esikhulu).

Emhlabeni 80s kwekhulu lama-20 ziye zatholakala ezithile amakhemikhali ethakwa umzimba ngesikhathi socansi ukuthuthukiswa ulwelwe. Lokhu akusiyo into efana ama-pheromone, yokufunda asebenzayo ozobakhona kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kelp nabameleli kunazo owaziwa

Omunye ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo owaziwa kubhekwa ushukela kelp, noma izimila zasolwandle. Lesi sitshalo has a dissected ezinkulu incibilikiswa, ubude okungaba kusuka ngamamitha 1 kuya 14. I thallus luyakha omningi laminarin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimila zasolwandle kubhekwa umthombo owusizo iodine. Kwamanye amazwe, lokhu sitshalo kutshalwa futhi ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe salads nezinye izitsha. Of Tal futhi wenze izidakamizwa esetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo zendlala yegilo.

I Sargassum bohlobo futhi eyaziwa kabanzi, ngoba kungenxa ophikelelayo, thalli eside lezi izitshalo amanzi Sargasso Sea ngesikhathi yayiyingozi kakhulu ukubhukuda.