ImfashiniUbucwebe

Umhlaba idayimane emakethe

Yini oyaziyo emakethe idayimane? Yiziphi kwaneliswe isidingo ngoba lawa matshe na? Bewazi yini ukuthi Umthamo wonyaka amadayimane kuyinto eziyizinkulungwane ezingu zamadola idayimane - nambili bhiliyoni, futhi izivunulo nabo - amahlanu billion? Ungakhohlwa ukuthi nedayimani - kuba impahla eluhlaza, idayimane - imikhiqizo siphelile - Semi-siphelile nezinto zokuhloba. Nokho, sicabanga lo mbuzo kancane xaxa.

idayimane emakethe - ukufuneka izimpahla okunethezeka

Kuphi ukuqala? Diamond emakethe - into abalandeli abaningi banesithakazelo ezihlukahlukene izimpahla okunethezeka (hhayi kuphela isebenza yobuciko, kwakudala, izingubo abaklami abadumile, amakha kanokusho). Isidingo amadayimane kuboniswa emva ukwaneliseka isidingo somuntu e izidingo eziyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola kwabo, njengoba umthetho, emazweni kwezomnotho eziphambili. Kukhona idayimane ezifakwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. By the way, amaningi ala masimu lamazwe kancane athuthukile.

indlela Enzima amatshe

Into elandelayo kufanele ishiwo emakethe idayimane. Lokhu kusebenza indlela amatshe, isikhathi ngasinye uzibophezele indawo yabo ngaphambi kokuthi ezandleni umsebenzisi sekupheleni. Futhi lokhu endleleni sihamba izigaba eziningana.

Eyokuqala ukucinga, ukuhlola kanye nokuhlola idiphozi. Esesibili - e isizinda amadayimane ezimayini nasembonini nokunonophala. Eyesithathu - ku nokudayiswa amadayimane olugubhayo Ukuhlelwa ngemihlobo kanye nokuhlola. Eyesine - e idayimane e izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimakethe zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Okwesihlanu - diamond cutting. Okwesithupha - kwezohwebo. Seventh - enkulu ekwakhekeni ubucwebe. Lesishiyagalombili - ekuhwebeni kakade imihlobiso (lwezeMpilo Usizo).

Isigaba ngasinye kunenjongo lalo. Ngakho-ke, "almazozavod" futhi kumele umsebenzi njengendlela eyodwa.

Izimpahla anqunyelwe

Kodwa ungakhohlwa, nokuningi ngokuthile. Diamond emakethe kuncike ngokuqondile ezintweni zabo. Kodwa-ke ngeshwa, zingabantu elinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, kukhona umncintiswano emangalisayo eziphikelelayo phakathi emazweni amaningi ekukhiqizeni kulezi kanye search for ukuphi zabo.

Muva nje, eziningi izinguquko ezenzeka diamond ezimakethe zomhlaba. Ixhumeke nge izinqubo yokukhula ukwazi kazwelonke we abantu, ukuhlanganiswa kwamazwe ukuxazulula inkinga yokuqeda emthunzini umnotho, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.

Diamonds kunemibandela ihlukaniswe lobuchwepheshe kanye jewelry. Okokuqala elisetshenziswa ezingavamile imishini ikholomu, ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu. Esesibili - ngawodwana, womshini amadayimane.

amasayithi izimayini

Diamond emakethe izwe kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Endaweni yokuqala endaweni of umkhiqizo wabo. Namuhla, ukhiqizwa emazweni angaphezu kuka amabili nesithupha. Kodwa kuzo zonke amazwekazi asiyeki ukuseshwa amasimu abo. Umqulu eyinhloko amazwe ambalwa nje uvumele isizinda. It - Australia, Namibia, Congo, South Africa, Angola, Canada, Russia nase Botswana.

izinkampani idayimane

Asikhulume mayelana majors. idayimane emakethe emhlabeni waziwa ngokuyinhloko izinkampani e "Bi-Eich Pi Billiton", "Rio Tingo", "kusho uDe Pierce," futhi-ke: "ALKOROSA". Nokho, kule simo international wale mithandazo muva elahlekile kancane. Noma kunjalo, ezingaba ethile yokuthuthukiswa, wakwazi ukusindisa. Ngokuvamile, esikhathini esiseduze kusukela "ALKOROSA" ungalindela eziningi kuyaqhubeka.

Russia - esincintisana eqinile

Manje ngqo mayelana Russian Federation. Diamond emakethe eRussia umhlanganyeli ngokugcwele kuleli zwe. Vele sibheke 2011. Ngalesi sikhathi thina zithunyelwe abangaba yizigidi ezingu amathathu carats idayimane anolaka angakavunwa. Hhayi-ke, - zamadola izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu-US. I abangenisa main eRussia - India, Israyeli futhi Belgium. Nakuba amadayimane Russian uthenga e-UAE noma Guinea.

Ngokuvamile, i-Russia - omunye izimbangi esinamandla kunazo zonke emazweni amaningi. Nakuba ... "Alrosa" inkampani ngesikhathi kunezinkinga, ngomehluko obonakala. Yini? ..

Phakathi nenhlekelele,

Diamond emakethe nezinhlobo zalo egqanyisiwe kule nkathi. Thatha abaholayo kulo, izinkampani ezimbili - "De Pierce" (Ningizimu Afrika), futhi "ALROSA". Siyabonga kubo kwezigidi ezingu 133 carats idayimane anolaka abangu limbiwa 2011. Isamba kwaba 12.3 bhiliyoni aseMelika. Hhayi ikhumbula amadayimane ithengiswe izisebenzi zasezimayini emthethweni. amazinga ukukhiqizwa zangaphambi crisis Lonyaka zazisuka ezingu-150 160 carats. Ngo 2008-2009, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma amadayimane anolaka usunciphe ngamaphesenti zonke izinkampani emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphandle "ALROSA". Mayelana izibopho ezithile zomphakathi, inkampani waphoqeleka ukuba asebenze "e ukugeleza". Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi amazinga zangaphambi crisis kuyofezwa 2017. amavolumu Efinqiwe kokukhiqiza ibuyiselwe.

amaphrojekthi amasha

Diamond emakethe kanye umnotho - izinto emibili ehlobene eduze. Cabangela amaphrojekthi ezinkulu ezinkulu entsha, okuyinto kufanele uziyise emhlabeni abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-23 carats of izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Eyokuqala - a "Gacho Kew." Itholakala enyakatho Canada. Ukukhiqizwa umthamo imayelana million 6 carats 2020.

Esesibili - "igama Karpinski tube." Akhiwe Arkhangelsk esifundeni. Le phrojekthi ephethwe "ALROSA". Ukuthuthukiswa ihilela ukunyathelisa abangaba yizigidi 5 carats ngonyaka.

Eyesithathu - "Bandar". It elise India. Isibikezelo ukukhiqizwa ezigidini 5 carats ngonyaka.

"Uqimba yesibili" yenkampani

Imakethe idayimane ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe libhekene "jumping" izinkomba. Futhi indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni yayo, futhi inkampani futhi ukudlala "uqimba yesibili". Ngisho nalabo abangenalo isipiliyoni kuqala izimayini idayimane.

Ngokwesibonelo, "i-Grib Pipe". Ekuqaleni kwaba ukuthi ithengiswe ukuze inkampani kawoyela Russian "LUKOIL". Nokho, kuze kube manje, bakhula ke ngokuzimela.

Izinga lonyaka zokukhiqiza idayimane ngo-2016 akwazi ukuxoxa kwezigidi ezingu-170 carats. Nokho, eminyakeni okwalandela, ukukhiqizwa bayovuka kancane. Ngo-2020, kuyoba ukwandisa omunye izigidi ezingu-5 kuphela carats. Iqiniso ukuthi amasheya manje ukusebenza kancane kancane mpilo. Kodwa emikhulukazi entsha akukho kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe bathi ngisho uma esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuyotholakala emayini entsha idayimane, wokulungiselela futhi imisebenzi ukuhlola namanje ukuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Lokho, ngo-2020, konke okuhilelekile ayikashintshi kakhulu.

zimo ukuthuthukiswa

Imakethe idayimane is, isimiso, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa futhi izinkomba ezinhle ngemuva kwalokhu. Ngoba konke akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni abaholi owayephila ngesikhathi amakhono okukhiqiza. A indima ebalulekile nayo eyadlalwa ukuvela entsha izifunda idayimane-yezimayini. ezingaba Omkhulu ukwenziwa lemiqulu emikhulu amadayimane anolaka kukhona Democratic Republic of the Congo naseZimbabwe. Uma isimo sezombangazwe kuzole, bazokwazi ukwenza emakethe idayimane kuyinto iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu kulezi amazwe. Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa izwe kungase kwandise laya ezigidini ezingu-209 carats.

simo Nethemba Lokuhle usikisela futhi ukwanda enkulu batsengi, yenyuke kuGDP yephasi ngokushesha kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-3.9%). Ngakho, ukufuneka amadayimane anolaka angase akhule million 2020 kuya 371 carats.

Nakuba ochwepheshe cabanga inketho olandelanayo ngaphezulu nokuthuthukiswa emakethe. Kulokhu, abakhiqizi ezinkulu ukuletha ukukhiqiza at zigcwele ngeke bakwazi Ngenxa yesimo sezomnotho esinzima futhi yezizathu ezithile. ukukhiqizwa idayimane Umhlaba izohlala ezingeni samanje isikhathi esithile. Kodwa sizoqala ukunqabela kancane kancane. Ngo-2020, kuyoba sifinyelele izigidi ezingu 127 carats. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi simo ukuthuthukiswa, letako le-10, ngokusho kongoti, ezimakethe zomhlaba ulindele ukushoda amadayimane anolaka. Umehluko kuzozwakala kuphela amavolumu.

Kuze kube manje, igebe phakathi kwaneliswe isidingo ngamadayimane lukhula. Ngo-2020, lokhu kusilela bengase bazikhandlele diamond kwezigidi ezingu-72 carats. Futhi - akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke nengxenye.

Omunye abadlali ezinkulu emakethe izwe idayimane kuyinto Russia. Minyaka yonke akhishelwe khona phesheya, amatshe ezingasho. Export lukhula. Ngaphezu kwakho konke amadayimane eRussia zitholwa Belgium. Kulandele Israyeli (lizwe minyaka yonke othenga amadayimane anolaka ayelingana cishe $ 300 million). amatshe amaningi uzuza naseNdiya.

By the way, Russia ngokwayo othenga amadayimane phesheya. Umthamo ukungeniswa Russian lenyuka minyaka yonke. Amatshe uthenge eGuinea, Belgium, United Arab Emirates.

Iningi wonke amadayimani emayini Russian "ALROSA" (ngaphezu kuka-90% wezindleko). Kulinganiselwa lenkampani ngo-2020 ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ne amadayimane emhlabeni uyofinyelela kwezigidi ezingu-128 zamaRandi. Ikakhulu kuzokwenza e-USA (45%), China (26%), India (20%), Japan (10%).

On idayimane emazweni angaphandle kusuka elaseRussia ilayisense yizinkampani ezimbalwa. Lokhu - "ALROSA", "ALROSA-Nyurba", "Severalmaz", "Diamonds of Anabar", "Lower Yelena", "Uralmaz", "Almazuvelirexport". Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke umkhiqizi Russian futhi isithekelisi imikhiqizo ngomumo eyenziwe kusukela amadayimane (amadayimane) iyona Smolensk PA "Crystal". Zitholwa "Crystal" 60% wamadayimani inkampani "ALROSA", 4% wamadayimane anolaka - inkampani "De Pierce," lonke amatshe - emakethe yesibili (kufaka phakathi, futhi ngezinye indali ngamazwe inthanethi).

Ngakho, ngamafuphi imiphumela. Mhlawumbe hhayi indoda emhlabeni ababengeke ukuza kujabule ubuhle futhi ukukhanya amadayimane. Yiqiniso, lokhu - okuphambili ngempela! Diamond ubucwebe baye bayinqoba ukwanda okukhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi azinikeze, hhayi bonke. Nokho, amatshe izinsiza emhlabeni kulinganiselwe. Muva nje, kuye kwaba nezinguquko eziningi okuphawulekayo idayimane ezimakethe zomhlaba. uhlamvu yabo wathonywa ezihlukahlukene izinqubo - .. Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, izenzo kuhlangene amazwe wokulwa nobuphekula kanye nomnotho isithunzi, ukuqiniswa nokukhula ukwazi kazwelonke, njll Ngakho, umfanekiso entsha emakethe idayimane. Ubuholi embonini yedayimane kungokwalabo izinkampani ukwethula amasu marketing eziphambili, ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yabo thwi.

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