Umhlaba izinqolobane izingodo. Izwe ehamba phambili ugodo izinsiza

Ubude izinqolobane izingodo zenani ezicini eziningana: kuba futhi inkomba cover ihlathi, usayizi wendawo ihlathi lezigodo izinqolobane. Ihlathi imithombo exhaustible kodwa evuselelekayo, ngoba ingasetshenziswa ngekwetinhloso letehlukene.

kulungiswa ukusebenza

ikhava Ihlathi balinganisela degree of ubuhlobo Imininingwane ihlathi endaweni endaweni ezweni elithile. Ngakho, kulesi okuholela ezweni Inkomba kukhona Finland, Sweden, Canada, Guinea, Mozambique, eRussia. Inani ihlathi endaweni ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu 4 amahektha, okuyinto 30% ezweni. Umholi izwe lengenako labantu ugodo izinqolobane - Russia: lapha oyedwa seyihlanganisa 3 amahektha emahlathini, kanti emazweni ase-European lesi sibalo ephansi kakhulu - amahektha 0.3 nje.

Lokho kwaba - ukuthi kwaba

Le ndawo ihlathi emhlabeni unyaka ngamunye kuyehla yizigidi ezingu-20 amahektha, okuyinto kubangelwa ukugawulwa kwemithi eziningi. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ugodo kuvuna in Latin America nase-Asia. Futhi lapha emazweni Nordic ngenkuthalo abasebenza sokubuyiselwa futhi ukutshalwa kwamahlathi, okwenza indawo ihlathi akuyona encishisiwe lapha. Timber izinqolobane emhlabeni bemile engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300. ^M3 kanye ^neRussia yama-akhawunti e-25% ngamasheya kwezinkuni.

Ihlathi imithombo evuselelekayo, kodwa uma kungenjalo ngokushesha ukubhekana emasimini, ihlathi izinqolobane iyoba ngokuya ezincane. Kwelinye izwe-umholi izingodo imithombo - Suriname, lapho ama-akhawunti lengenako cishe 36 amahektha ihlathi. Kodwa ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi eningizimu zone esipholile ukuba umuntu oyedwa abe esingaphansi ehektheleni ihlathi.

Njengoba izibalo zenziwa?

Ihlathi imithombo - kuba zigcine ihlathi kuleli zwe, kanye nabanye ababengewona ama-izingodo amagugu. Kuyinto sibonga ihlathi nethuba ukuthola impahla eluhlaza jikelele ezimbonini eziningi, ngaphezu, ihlathi - iyona nokugcinwa isimiso semvelo Zomhlaba. Ngenxa yokuthi imithombo ihlathi avuselelwa, amasheya emhlabeni jikelele izinkuni kungenziwa njalo agcwaliswa, ukwandisa umkhiqizo wabo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo yomuntu.

Ihlathi izinsiza emhlabeni wonke kungukuthi ngokulinganayo basakaza. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe aseYurophu nobuntu ezinkulu ikhava emahlathini, kanti e-Afrika bangamaphesenti ephansi kakhulu. Izinga aphansi cover ihlathi - emazweni ase-Afrika, kuba eliphakeme - e-Latin America, Europe nase-North America. Izwe Umholi igodla softwood - Russia: isabelo ezweni ebangela 88% kwamahlathi coniferous.

Izici yokusabalalisa kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke

ihlathi Modern likhula zokuzamazama ezahlukene zezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncike ezindaweni yabo ingafani zinhlobo Ukwakheka, ume isakhiwo, ukukhiqiza, ukubaluleka ezihlukahlukene zomnotho kanye nezemvelo. Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu kuhlala ihlathi zone esishintshashintshayo athokomele, lapho amahlathi Boreal amahlathi coniferous. Ngo eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, eMpumalanga ye-Afrika-East Indies amahlathi emvula kubuswa siluhlaza amahlathi okuxubile. izindawo Intaba zinezikhathi zonation mpo, kuyilapho kuye engamamitha zizoshintsha nokushisa kanye nomswakama.

Uma Russia - ezweni-umholi izingodo imithombo, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, iningi ihlathi uyanqunywa. Ngokwesibonelo, e-England, e-Ireland, eNetherlands, ikakhulukazi izihlahla asebeqinile abasha khula shanguzo ukuthi itshalwe eyayenziwe. amahlathi coniferous kuyagcinwa kuphela eScandinavia, kuyilapho kukhona ikhava ihlathi elihle, ubuswa okumsulwa zezitsha coniferous. Maphakathi Europe zikaphayini ezikhulayo ikakhulukazi, sonwele fir, larch, igusu yehlile kakhulu ngenxa ahlabayo njalo amamitha kanye nezinkomo.

Phakathi ezifundeni ihlathi endaweni akhawunti enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu for emazweni aseScandinavia. Lapha basuke bagxila 35.6% kwamahlathi elikhiqizayo futhi 28,5% we isitokwe Imininingwane kwezinkuni. Le ndawo libhekene ngezinga eliphakeme cover ihlathi.

E-Asia nase-Afrika?

Inani isitokwe ezikhulayo e-Asia - mayelana 1/5 zaleli zwekazi. Kukhona ezikhulayo Emahlathini emvula, coniferous nokutshala lezihlahla ezonini athokomele. Nsimu enkulu elalihlala amahlathi ehlathini. EMpumalanga, esifundeni omelelwa ukwehluka kwezinhlobo ezingcwele, endemics. Kukhona amapheshana eningizimu yesifunda lapho asemaqeleni okufakwe lapha nge nezihlahla encane. Ezintabeni ethulwa ehlathini futhi amahlathi lezihlahla. On insimu amahlathi Afrika nazo basakaza Ukuboshelwa. Inani ihlathi endaweni yaleli zwekazi zingahlukaniswa zibe izindawo ezine: enyakatho - nakwezifudumele, entshonalanga - ezishisayo, empumalanga - entabeni ezishisayo kanye eningizimu - ezisondelene nazo.

Amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika

Amahlathi e eNyakatho neMelika hlala cishe ingxenye yesithathu kuleli zwekazi, kuyilapho enyakatho ngenxa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zezulu sokuqanjwa zinhlobo zemithi elinganiselwe, futhi umkhiqizo wabo ongaphakeme. Ihlathi ndawo ikakhulukazi emelelwa coniferous futhi ingxenye birch. Ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe ingxenye yamahlathi liya livuleka njengoba zikhula, izihlahla ngokwabo ikhiqize kakhudlwana.

Cishe isigamu insimu ka-Latin America kuhlala ihlathi izimila nge predominance kwezihlahla lezihlahla. LoMfula Amazon laqanjwa abacebile lasendulo floristic. EMexico Nasemhlabeni Netherlands Antilles wahlanganyela ikakhulu emahlathini coniferous - izihlahla ikakhulukazi zikaphayini.

E-Australia, ukwanda ebonwe emahlathini strip ugu. Kukhona cishe 85% of the indawo ilawulwa zikagamthilini.

Uyini supply zezimali?

A ketshezi ugodo isitokwe - inani Imininingwane izinqolobane ugodo emasimini, okuyinto ilingana lonke ivolumu izingodo kuvuna ngaphandle amagxolo phezulu ezihlahleni. Lomqulu isethwe ngezindlela ezahlukene esekelwe izindlela ezahlukene yezamakhompyutha. Liquid ugodo - material okuyinto lingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi kuvunwa. Kulokhu, lo isitokwe impande ukhuni iphezulu kakhulu.

Amathrendi Main egawula eRussia futhi emhlabeni

eminyakeni engu-60 edlule kuleli hlathi yingxenye Russia futhi umhlaba jikelele, kancane okwakwaziwa. Kunalokho zinhlobo Ukwakheka nje engakaze wafunda. Phakathi kombuso wamaSoviet eSoviet Union lalibhekwa kuka-500 mln. Ha, okuyinto kwenziwa ukuphathwa ehlathini. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iye yaba kunokuntuleka izinkuni kwasekuqaleni lokhu kusebenza eliphezulu sawlogs kanye yokwakha yaseGrisi izingodo, okuyinto etholakala izingxenye ezinkulu isiqu. Yingakho emazweni athuthukile, lezi assortments asetshenziswa ukutshalwa kwamahlathi.

Okunye imfucuza imithi ukhuni ukucutshungulwa uhambe emva processing ekujuleni kwimisebenzi ehlukile - womshini ukhuni uginindela, iphepha kanye amakhadibhodi. Eminyakeni engu-80, kubika iDaily News ukhuni kuye kwaholela yokuthi esikalini we international ugodo ukuhweba ziphakeme. Futhi uma amazwe athuthukile aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika kukhona abathuthi ezinkulu imikhiqizo eseqedile ezenziwe ngokhuni e a amapulangwe nephepha, asathuthuka e ubuso Asia, e-Afrika, eLatin America, ikakhulukazi zokuthumela round ugodo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kula mazwe ubuswa ukuxhashazwa eyodwa emaceleni yehlathi, ukuze umhlaba ihlathi buya ngokuya kuncipha.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kube mkhuba lubonakale maqondana multi-purpose ukuxhashazwa kwamahlathi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asethuthukile futhi ezinabantu abaningi. Phambi kwabo nenkinga ekudaleni ngezenzakalo ezaziyolandela uvumele ukubuyisela amahlathi eziye luwuthinte lokuthuthukisa isimo esiphansi sezomnotho kuleli zwe.

Njengoba-Russia, kukhona mayelana 78% amahlathi sakhiwa zinhlobo commercial - uphayini, ngesihlahla sonwele fir, larch, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, birch. Futhi kanye emhlabeni wonke, imithombo ihlathi zabiwa Ukuboshelwa. I-European okuyingxenye ebangela% 17,06 kuphela emahlathini, kanti eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude tibheke 82% phansi kwamahlathi. Yonke ivolumu yehlathi kungenziwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: owokuqala siqukethe emasimini zokuzivikela, owesibili - the impahla eluhlaza, kanti eyesithathu - inqolobane ugodo ukuthi alisetshenziswa njengoba impahla eluhlaza. Ubude sokukhula ngonyaka izinkuni imayelana yizigidi ezingu-830 m ^3.

okutholakele

Izinkuni - ifomu uvuseleleke kwezinsiza, ngakho kungenzeka nje kuphela ukuze alawule ukusebenza kwawo, kodwa futhi kancane kancane ukudlala. Emahlathini sihlola kunakwe hhayi kuphela nezinga lokukhula unyaka ngamunye, kodwa inani isitokwe zanqwabelana. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ulungise Imininingwane emhlabeni izinqolobane izingodo.