Dynamics kwenani - ikakhulukazi ukubaluleka nezinhlobo

Umthetho wokuqala ngemvelo uthi - konke kuhlobene, bodwa hhayi kuphela kodwa ngokuphelele konke. Akunakwenzeka uzoshiya isinyathelo, ingamthinti lutho. Man njalo kuyabacasula ibhalansi imvelo. Isinyathelo ngasinye indoda ebhubhisa eziningi ezincane-eziphilayo, ngisho in ichibi abavamile, ingasaphathwa owayethukile izinambuzane bephoqeleka ukuba ushintshe ziyaphi ukufuduka, ukunciphisa umkhiqizo wabo. Imvelo angcolile, mpilo kwemithombo yemvelo zemvelo ngenxa i-. Konke lokhu ikhule ibe yinkinga yembulunga yonke. imiphakathi Ziningi sisonqenqemeni sokusinda. Uma umuntu akashintshi, kanye labantu engozini ezimbalwa izizukulwane zinyamalale. Uyini labantu nendlela kuhlehlela inombolo, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Ukunqunywa labantu

Organisms okuqondene zohlobo olulodwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukushintshisana ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo ngaphansi kwaleli qembu, bangazihluphi isikhala ezithile ayingxenye umphakathi biotic futhi ezisebenza ngaphakathi ke - sabantu sika. It has eziningi izimfanelo, okuyinto kuphela yenethiwekhi leqembu hhayi ukuhlukanisa abantu fanele kuze lo xuku.

Dynamics incike kwabantu?

Izici ezinjengokudla, Dynamics yenani labantu kuncike kwabantu bayo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ukuncika ezifana:

• labantu ukwanda izinga incipha nge okwandisa kwabantu. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kusakazeke futhi ebonisa isizathu ukuzinza ezinye izakhamuzi. Ngokwandisa ukuminyana incipha okuzala. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ku 1 ehektheleni komhlaba ukuminyana Tit okusezingeni eliphezulu esingaphansi 1 pair ke omunye ongabala isidleke mayelana nane hatchlings ngesikhathi kwabantu 18 ngazimbili - esikhehleni sinye amaphuphu achanyuselwa kuya kwezingu-8. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi Dynamics yenani labantu kuncike ukusebenza kwabantu ku ukuthomba ngabanye. It kungabonakala ngokucacile ku izindlovu, unekhono nokuzala okungase kwenzeke abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-12 kuya kwezingu-18. Uma kwabantu incane, ukuze kamuva sikhulume ngokuzalwa slononka njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine, ne high - indlovu eyodwa iminyaka eyisikhombisa.
• Izinga zokwenyuka kwenani labantu inani eliphakeme i ukuminyana isilinganiso. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi izinhlobo Umake umphumela iqembu.
• Ngo uhlobo lwesithathu, inquma okubakhona yenani labantu, tilinganiso zihlala zinjalo kuze kufike leso sikhathi uye akukafiki high density, ngemva kwalokho-ke iqala ukunqabela ngokucijile. Lobu buhlobo sibonwa labantu lemmings. Ungishiya at esiqongweni kwabantu iqala uthuthe.

izici biotic

Usayizi yakhoibrium labantu isiqondiso kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ezicini biotic. Chief phakathi kwabo kulokhu mncintiswano ohlotsheni oluthile lwento ephilayo. Isibonelo esimangalisayo: umzabalazo zizalela (esikhundleni sakhe). mncintiswano ezinjalo zingakwenza umphumela ukushaqeka lesi sifo (bokuphila umphumela). Dynamics okunjalo yenani labantu ebonwe namagundane kahle. Inkulu kakhulu kwabantu umphumela bokuphila kuholela ukwehla wenzalo kanye nokushona anda. Yilokho ubukhulu labantu ebuyiselwa ezingeni zayo zemvelo evamile.

Izimo letitsintsa usayizi

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zawo lapho abadala bayakudla yini izithelo zabo siqu. umsebenzi okunjalo sabantu Dynamics futhi isibalo saso libizwa ubuzimu. It ulawula Usayizi labantu ukuze wehlise. Isibonelo salokhu mkhuba ongakhonza perch e namachibi of Western eSiberia. Ukudla abantu abadala siqukethe 80% amajongosi zilwane zakhe efanayo. I udla abasha kakhulu plankton.

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlobo ibalulekile ukulawula kwabantu of labantu. Zaziziningi izilwane futhi edla inyama empumalanga, yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho bese yabo - ephawulekayo isici labantu Dynamics kwezinhlobo eziningi eziphilayo. Kusukela la maqiniso ngokuvamile incike kwabantu labantu.

Ezinye izici zihlanganisa isifo. Zonke izinhlobo amagciwane bayakwazi ukunciphisa labantu uhlobo oluthile kulabo izinkomba ukuthi cishe ngaleso sikhathi ezifanelekile. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nabantu. Indlela esheshayo indlela izifo sandile kwabantu kwabantu ephakeme.

izinhlobo Dynamics

Njengoba Dynamics yenani labantu - ushintsho inani labamemezeli kule ababodwa ke, nakuba kunzima ukuthola ezimbili ezifanayo (ezifanayo Dynamics) sabantu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo mayelana, ezinamaphutha encane, zingancishiswa ezinhlotsheni ezintathu labantu Dynamics:

1. • Inhlalo engenayo inxushunxushu.
2. Ziyaguquguquka.
3. Evuthayo.

Incazelo esitebeleni noma ukuguquguquka uhlobo

uhlobo Esitebeleni - ejwayelekile izinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu nezilwane ezincelisayo. tindlela letisebentako zokulawula lihambisana ezingaba biotic ngaphakathi labantu, futhi ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwezinye imiphakathi zangaphandle, aninike ezinye ekushintshashintsheni izinombolo kodwa okuncane, izikhathi ezimbalwa, kodwa ayizange oda. Iqhaza main isiqondiso uhlelo interrelation babelwe phakathi imiphakathi uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi futhi inyamazane labantu izindlela nokuziphatha yangaphakathi, ezifana yokwehlayo, Spatial, nokunye okunjalo.

uhlobo nenze umsindo oshintshashintshayo - ejwayelekile imiphakathi, inani kanye kwabantu okuyinto zokhahlamba kusuka oda emibili kuya kwemithathu ezidlula. Wavuma inertial izindlela intrapopulation mncintiswano ohlelweni yokulawulwa kwezimboni eziningi eziphilayo ezifana kubaluleke kakhulu. Lolu hlobo libhekene, isibonelo, izinambuzane eziningi xylophagous.

Okuningi amagxolo mabhungane oblong - inombolo ziyaguquguquka zezinhlobonhlobo labantu Dynamics, ukuthi badla umama zemibukiso kanye amaqanda e laseSiberia larch izinkuni.

Kulesi hlobo Dynamics egcina izinyathelo ezintathu:

1. Izinambuzane ehlasela izihlahla ngabanye ukuthi babe kancane ukuhlala ngokwahlukana resin. Bona secrete pheromone, edonsa abanye abantu. Bona iphawule indawo, futhi lesi sihlahla eminye buthaka. Nge ukuminyana okwandisa iqala ukuthuthela izihlahla angomakhelwane.
2. inhlanganiso isinambuzane liyaqhubeka landa, futhi azalela inciphise inani amaqanda babeka yibo. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela baqala ukufa ngamanani amakhulu.
3. Encishisiwe ukwanda kwabantu, futhi sinjalo sabantu ezingeni elikhulu.

On the labantu amagxolo mabhungane anezinye omkhulu umthelela izimbungulu eziyingozi. Kodwa Kuyisimanga ukuthi lapho isibalo mabhungane igcinwe emazingeni aphansi naphakathi zokwenyuka kwenani labantu kubophezeleke ngu namagxolo mabhungane. Kuphela isibalo mabhungane sekuba big - banciphisa mncintiswano intraspecific, okuyinto enomthelela nokugcina ezingeni lelisetulu labantu.

uhlobo Iziqhumani kanye nezici zayo ehlukile

uhlobo Iziqhumani - nobuntu imiphakathi nokuqubuka yokuzalana mass, lapho liyanda by eziningi ama-oda. Lo oyedwa has ezingeni kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu ezingaba biotic. Ubuningi lingadlula kafushane ikhono le ndawo. Khona-ke ukuthuthelwa mass iqala. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela isikhonyane, namagundane kanye nabantu efanayo.

Kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka ekutadisheni labantu Dynamics ngekusasa yonke le mbulunga.

Uma kukhona ukukhiqizwa kabusha mass ke ukukhuluma ngokuntuleka ukulawula interspecies ubudlelwano. Bese nibuyela isimo esitebeleni, inani ukulawulwa kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngezithukuthuku intrapopulation izindlela. Okukhishiwe mass lesi sifo, uma kukhona compaction sabantu.

Isici ashukumisayo labantu homeostasis. Lokhu iqoqo amaqiniso futhi izici sincike ukuminyana futhi okubangela ukuguqulwa. Homeostasis ivumela ekushintshashintsheni inani labamemezeli ngaphakathi kwezinkambiso labantu (evimbela Ukuwohloka kwemithombo yezebhoduluko). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemvelo, biotic futhi imvelo abiotic.

Ukubaluleka esiwusizo sabantu Dynamics

Ngo labantu ngalinye, inani kushintsha njalo. Lapho kukhona echayeke imvelo ukuze kuphambuka standard of isibalo ngezimiso (isilinganiso), ibonisa inqubo ukuguqulwa. Buyela labantu isilinganiso ibizwa ngokuthi isiqondiso. Ubuningi njalo kushintsha inani layo uma liqhubeka ekushintsheni usayizi labantu.

Singasho ukuthi Dynamics yenani labantu - umqondo ukuthi inquma ubukhulu ezingaba biotic.

Umthelela yizici zemvelo ku eziphilayo akuvumele ulungise ubukhulu labantu kuncike kwabantu bayo. Lezi zihlanganisa ubuhlobo nezisetshenziswa biotic we abiotic imvelo izici. Ngaphansi kwethonya izinto ezifana kuyinto isethi labantu homeostasis.

Imithetho homeostasis

• Ngesisekelo ohlelweni homeostatic kuyinto ukuguqulwa ukulawulwa, okungukuthi. E. yephutha lohlelo ukulungiswa.
• Iningi izici nethonya lelawula sohlangothi olulodwa, okuhloswe ngaso nokukhawulela ukukhula esebenzayo yenani labantu.
• Inombolo luyanda ngokunciphisa izici ingcindezi isiqondiso.
• Ukuze namanani ahlukene density sabantu siyashintsha indima izici zokulawula ezahlukene.

On izindlela kusebenza kangakanani homeostatic, kuye ngohlobo labantu Dynamics labantu ngalinye. Okwazekayo, yimuphi labantu uyakwazi ukukhula angenamkhawulo labantu, uma akugcini okuthonywa nayizimo zendawo. Khona-ke izinga ekwandeni kunqunywa ubukhulu ezingaba biotic.