Umhlobo esifundeni Perm. Izitshalo nezilwane Perm esifundeni

esifundeni Perm - ezweni imvelo emangalisayo, ehlathini ihlathi, izintaba ebabazekayo, ezihosheni, nasemihumeni, okusheshayo egeleza emifuleni nasemachibini acwebile. Nasi ezihlukahlukene ngendlela emangalisayo landscape yezwe, inani elikhulu izitshalo ezingavamile nezilwane. Umhlobo esifundeni Perm, isiko eziyingqayizivele esifundeni bakhangwa izivakashi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

Umlando omncane

Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, esifundeni esasihlanganisa izwe enkulukazi umsuka Kama kuya Ural Ukhahlamba entshonalanga nasempumalanga, futhi kusukela sifinyelela engenhla River Pechora enyakatho kuya emfuleni Chusovaya ku Inyakatho neningizimu, ebizwa ngokuthi Perm Omkhulu.

Eyokuqala ababenesithakazelo kuleli zwe elikhulu, babe ngabathengi Novgorod. Ekhulwini XIV base izimbangi, lokhu onqenqemeni ukuthi ungenele Muscovy. Ngemva umkhankaso omkhulu lempi Prince Ivan III 1472 kwaba ngowokuqala Omkhulu Perm Territory esifundeni esise-Ural, okuyinto phakade yaba yingxenye isimo Russian. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo we Perm esifundeni ephawulwe ngalesi sehlakalo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Kukhona ezikhulayo nemizana Russian. Nokwenziwa emazweni amasha kwaqina kakhulu kuya maphakathi nekhulu XVI, abathengisi lapho imali kanye nezimboni stroganoff.

Ukuhlukahlukana kwemithombo yemvelo kanye ubunjalo Perm esifundeni bakhangwa izifiki entsha. Kuyinto namuhla yaba enye yezindawo ezilinywayo waseRussia ngobukhulu zezimboni nge nakumasiko enezici nezici zemvelo ekhexisayo.

Lapho kwakuphambana khona eYurophu nase-Asia

Isifunda, zilapho kuhlangana we izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba, ihlanganisa cishe nanhlanu wesifunda kwezomnotho Ural. Indawo insimu yalo in the Kama elisemcengezini, ulunika uhlelo olukhethekile iziteshi ngokusebenzisa ukufinyelela kwezilwandle emihlanu - White, aseBaltic, iCaspian, Black futhi Azov.

Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

A uhlobo "emngceleni" indawo esifundeni ukuthonywa kumiswa flora zayo ezilwaneni nasezimileni. Izilwane yesifunda Perm ikakhulukazi emelelwa zinhlobo elivamile laseYurophu. Lihlala mayelana 60 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu-, 270 zezinyoni, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni. Ezilwaneni eziyingozi marten ezivamile, kukhona izimpungushe, izingulube zasendle, izimpisi, wolverines, izimbila izimbodla. Hlangana lapha amaphiva, amabhere futhi ama-lynx.

Engingakusho ayivela kancane futhi kudingeka bavikele inhloli abavamile, muskrat, mink.

Isifunda echichima emachibini, emifuleni, emaxhaphozini, floodplains yene, amahlathi. Emahlathini grouse ezivamile, capercaillie, chickadees, crossbill, grouse. Of izinyoni ezifudukayo wathola Blackbirds, Swallows, starlings.

Izitshalo futhi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. It luyehluka kuye izifunda esifundeni. Izitshalo ezivame kakhulu esifundeni Perm - uphayini, ngesihlahla sonwele larch, * nomthidari, umsedari zikaphayini. Bakha wonke bomkhathi ehlathini, lithatha indawo namakhulu amakhilomitha.

Ezindaweni eningizimu kuhlanganiswe lezihlahla namahlathi coniferous. Lapha kukhona izihlahla ezibanzi enezicabha ezifana oki, Elm, Elm.

Enyakatho, futhi kukhona izindawo kakhulu izimbuku maphakathi nesifunda. Emithambekeni yezintaba Ural embozwe ehlathini. Mpumalanga okwedlulele esifundeni - a kurumniki itshe nezimfunda abampofu.

Esikhathini Perm esifundeni ikhula phezu 130 zezitshalo, okuyizinto wokuvikela wombuso. izinqolobane imvelo ezimbili futhi alondoloza eziningana imvelo zitholakala Kama esifundeni. Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene onqenqemeni kunikezwa a lot of ukunakwa.

Ukutshala okubangelwa abantu imvelo kuholela ukwehla izinombolo kwezilwane eziningi ezingavamile futhi izitshalo, kuya kwehlukana kwenani ngisho ukunyamalala ephelele eziningana zezinto eziphilayo. Lezi eziklanyelwe Umhlahlandlela esemthethweni njengoba Red Encwadi esifundeni Perm, aqukethe incazelo izimbangela eyaziwayo ukuncipha kwawo, babheka izingozi futhi eziningi izinyathelo ukubuyisela imiphakathi.

Ohlukile onqenqemeni

Naphezu ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha le Perm Omkhulu futhi namuhla, kukhona umoya endala. iminonjana Enough ekhululekile of Ukufuduka Okukhulu, ifa bokwakha lasendulo, izimayini kanye nempucuko Metallurgical, ezinganekwaneni bemvelo nezilwane njengoba uma ixhunywe ndawonye.

Perm Region isethubeni elikhulu yamafomu ezihlukahlukene ezokuvakasha kungakhathaliseki inkathi. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo eziningi kanye nesikhundla ezindawo ka esifundeni. Abantu bakhangwa ebukeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, umlando othakazelisayo lowo, futhi, yebo, izikhumbuzo ehlukile ukudala kakhulu ubunjalo Perm esifundeni. Photo namathafa esiyingqayizivele, ezithakazelisayo nezindawo eliyimfihlakalo asiyeki bakuchazayo ubuhle kwayo okukhulu.

Ensimini ka esifundeni elise 325 amasayithi avikelwe ngokukhethekile ngaphansi ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile. Lokhu izinhlelo zomlando wemvelo, izikhumbuzo yemvelo kanye nabanye. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izindawo ezimbili zigcine ubunjalo ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Lokhu "Vishera" futhi "Basegi".

Ezikhumbuzo ebaluleke kunayo ubunjalo Perm esifundeni okwethulwa Cherdyn wesifunda. Iningi labo futhi BOLSHSOSNOVKIY, Solikamsk, Chusovoy, Krasnovishersk izindawo.

izikhumbuzo Natural nezindawo engokwemvelo zesifunda ukubaluleka onqenqemeni sehlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• landscape (amatshe White moss Vetlan netshe Govorlivy, Stone Town)
• Geological (futhi Gubakhinsky Orda emhumeni)
• kwamanzi (Ermakov entwasahlobo)
• Botanical futhi etshalwe (Zyukaysky zokugwema ukuphuka, Veslyansky boron mfunda)
• izakhiwo zomlando kanye yemvelo (Kungurskaya emhumeni, Bala futhi Kuva burs).

Bonke bangabangasokile ohlwini lezinto avikelwe.

edolobheni itshe

Omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi eyingqayizivele izikhumbuzo zemvelo limenyezelwe Stone Town. Ubuhle elingavamile sangaleso lasendulo Ural Ukhahlamba, eyaziwa ngokuthi Rudyansky ukucula, kungabonwa eduze nasemizaneni Shumikhinsky Usva. Ridge libukeka i bulala side cishe 19 km ubude. Omunye iphakama salo Stone Town. Leli gama wanikezwa yizivakashi. Ukuze bendawo ke izimfudu. Stone Town ngokuvamile obizwa nangokuthi indunduma zikaDeveli.

Bizarre idwala outcrops lesikhumbuzo yemvelo kwakhiwa umucu imihubhe futhi eziyizitezi egqumeni ehlathini. Zakha umbono komuzi, nge emigwaqweni emincane futhi izindlela ezibanzi, deadlocks. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo bahlabeka ngomunye emfuleni lasendulo. Futhi omunye zinganekwane eziningi uthi uma laliwumuzi emangalisayo, ubuhle emangalisa ababengakwazi kuphela ukubona indodakazi izimpumputhe yenkosi. Ngolunye usuku sathola umthakathi okubi unikezele ukuphulukisa inkosazana. Inkosi bavumelana, kodwa ngaleso ngesikathi ukungaboni wakhe wabuya, idolobha waphendukela itshe.

ezikhumbuzo kwemvelo Perm esifundeni eduze esiteshini Usva akunqunyelwe Stone Town. Futhi kuwufanele ngokuvakashela abadumile Usvinskie izinsika nasemigedeni Sukhoi Log.

Usvinskie Amakholomu

zamatshe abahlukile, welula ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi ku Usva River, kubhekwa omunye ezikhanga izivakashi izindawo ngakwesokudla. Lena afanayo omkhulu zamatshe, ezakhiwe nge-limestone. On nezinsika zalo imprints yamakhorali lasendulo nezinye izinsalela zamathambo libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule, kwakukhona ulwandle.

okwakheke rock abahlukile oluneziqhingi emihumeni emigedeni. Ezinye zazo, njengomuntu Stolbovoy sivale indlela engena emgedeni, esikhathini esidlule wakhonza njengephayona siphephelo esiveni.

Ifana nozibuthe wakho izivakashi idwala, wethiwa Thumb zikaDeveli. isakhiwo sayo kanye nosayizi iyisimangaliso. Uxhaxha 70 imitha eweni eliphakeme ligcinwe "imilenze" mncane. Wayebonakala ukuba obonisa inaccessibility yayo nokuzimela. Lena ngenye yezindawo ozithandayo ngoba ukugibela abathanda.

Orda emhumeni

Esikhathini amathumbu we Kazakovsky entabeni, imvilophi Kungur emfuleni yinde kunazo emhumeni wezwe kwamanzi kanti eyesibili omude kunayo yonke e-Eurasia yayigcwele - Orda Umgede. Uma uyikha phezulu le sentaba, njenge-egqumeni, zikhona sinkholes esikhulu, enye yazo emnyango kule ndawo maloprimetny izilwane zasendle.

Kuyinto Gypsum emhumeni esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Siqukethe okuthiwa "ezomile" (300 m) kanye kwamanzi (4600 m) ngaphandle. yayinamakhothamo zayo okusezingeni eliphezulu, okumsulwa amachibi ajulile, emigedeni ehlukahlukene ziye uhlole nge speleologists. Orda emhumeni uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi Mecca Umgede abatshuzi.

Kungur emhumeni

Lona omunye zodumo bemvelo esifundeni, elisoGwini ibhange kwesokudla Sylva. Ekujuleni okuyimfihlakalo Kungur emhumeni phakade ebusa Ural ebusika. Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka hot izinsuku ehlobo ke unawo umhlobiso yayo eneqhwa komhlaba emihumeni sibonga microclimate okhethekile. Charming ubunikazi Folk neqhwa - umphumela umsebenzi ongabonakali yamanzi, kuze kube nini nanini ayizinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka. izimbotshana Huge nemihubhe Ice Intaba oxhumene imihubhe yezinhlamvu. Ubude ingqikithi zonke izifundo zayo - 5700 amamitha. It has amachibi 70 no-58 emigedeni. Ezinye kwamakamelo komhlaba womhume has a ukuphakama kwamamitha 20 ukufinyelela ububanzi kumamitha angu-100. emihumeni Abaningi ngokucebile ehlotshiswe ice zinhlayiya, elilengayo futhi stalagmites. I umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu kungaba ozibongayo Diamond futhi Polar grottos.

Loluhlelo lokuqala lesikhumbuzo Geological esiyingqayizivele wenziwa wamabalazwe XVIII leminyaka S. Remezov nezakhamuzi zendawo, okwakuwukuphela kwezidalwa iziqondiso yokuqala womile adventure engavamile. Wayengumuntu asiphelele futhi siguqule ngokuphindaphindiwe. Manje izivakashi ifakwe 1.5 amakhilomitha zemibukiso ngomshoshaphansi.

emhumeni Kungur ishiya okuningi nakho ongenakulibaleka kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Kuyinto omunye okudaliwe bhá Nature, wadala kuphela ice namanzi.

Vetlan-itshe

Ubunjalo Perm esifundeni futhi idale lesikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele njengoba itshe Vetlan, esisogwini emfuleni Vishera. Lokhu into limelela bodwa amawa uhlelo kuyoshaya endaweni engamamitha 1750 amamitha.

Phezulu Vetlan-itshe kuyinto emphemeni observation, okuyinto kuvula amehlo panorama eyingqayizivele vistas engapheli. Kujwayele ukuthi izivakashi ehamba Vishera.

Vishera reserve

Reserve, elele engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Krasnovishersky wesifunda, kubhekwe endaweni enhle enkulu yeNyakatho Urals. Nazi Isiqongo esiphakeme esifundeni - Tulymsky Kamen (1469.8 m), entabeni olunothile ububanzi Larch, Isher, Beka-Tumpen, isiguqo nabanye abaningi. Kusukela iphakama zabo ukubukwa okukhulu, futhi phezu emithambekeni ye hunkering amachibi asezintabeni nge crystal nasemanzini. On esiqiwini ukugeleza entabeni emifuleni Small futhi Big Capelin, Vishera, Niols River ne Shoals kanye Rapids, izimpophoma ezinhle.

Lapha, ubuhle bayo acwebile walondoloza emahlatsini emngceleni wendawo ephethwe kurums, itshe ziwile, yakha kwezilwandle itshe nemifula. Izilwane nazi Sable ezivamile, amaphiva, ibhere, i-beaver, marten, i-beaver nabanye abaningi. Esiqiwini zikhona mayelana 150 zama mikobionta (ulele), 100 ezahlukene kwezinhlobo moss, 500 - izitshalo semithambo. Ukuze uphephe yabo futhi i-akhawunti iye ngokukhethekile wadala Red egwalweni Perm esifundeni, elalinikezelwe ezisengcupheni ezingavamile izitshalo, izinyoni nezilwane kuphela Kama. uhlu yakhe ihlanganisa dada whooper, peregrine uheshe, golden eagle merlin, Rock ptarmigan, isikhova nabanye abaningi.

Esiqiwini futhi iphuzu eziyingqayizivele Urals - indawo tekuhlangani izindawo ongumlando imifula emithathu omkhulu - the iVolga, ob kanye Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi - a olunothile Ukhahlamba, ngivuka phakathi expanses enkulukazi ehlathini phezu iqhubezela esentshonalanga Ural Ukhahlamba. Ezinsukwini ubudala kwakungezinye, namuhla liqukethe iziqongo ezintathu ezihlukene - North, South futhi Ephakathi Baseg. Amahlathi endaweni yabo bazongena esitelekeni ngenxa yobuhle balo acwebile. Lena inkomba into lwemvelo ehlathini.

Baseg isilinganiso - iphuzu esiphezulu esiqiwini (994 m). Phezu ke uphinyiswa ngokucacile emthambekeni ithala, ezembethe amahlathi kanye kurums. Block zamatshe, ilele emithambekeni zabo zimbozwe multi anemibala ulele crustose njengoba uhlobo iphethini ezimibalabala. A engenabantu ukuma amatshe, buttes nayo yonke accumulations zabo zifane izibalo ezahlukene nezilwane.

Igama esiqiwini lisuselwa North izwi Russian "Basques", ogama value kuyinto "ubumuhle." On kwesiqongo sezintaba ukuze ibhande entabeni-emathafeni, ngezansi kukhona emangalisa subalpine izimfunda. Lezi izindawo lapho kanzulu izilwane ezingavamile esifundeni Perm, kanye nezinhlobo eziyivelakancane izitshalo.

"Wena unesibopho izwe lazo lendabuko ..."

Ubunjalo okhazinyulisiwe ngemisebenzi abalobi abaningi abadumile ovakashele Kama. isikhala Cultural ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule lapha lamiswa emhlabeni nemizana amancane endaweni yokukhanda. abaphathi Talented bacelwa ukuba bahlale ngesikhathi abaculi, ababhali kanye nezinye izihlakaniphi. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakukhona ukubukeka kwalesi sigodi Vsevolodo-Vilva sibonga UMuphi futhi usozimboni Savva Morozov. Lapha sahlala futhi baphila ngetikhatsi letehlukene B. L. Pasternak futhi A. P. chehov.

Angikwazanga iphethelo ubuhle futhi wavakashela Solikamsk futhi Berezniki "umculi bemvelo" K. G. Paustovskogo. Sang-ke, futhi abalobi Perm esifundeni. mayelana imvelo Urals, yayo umlando, amasiko kanye nokunye ebhaliwe P. P. Bazhovym. Ezinkondlweni zakhe sengathi komculo umphefumulo lokhu okukhulu, omkhulu onqenqemeni isithombe okuyinto sidlula wonke umsebenzi somlobi.

Isithonjana nezindaba V P. Astafeva babebonakala benamandla umbono "unesibopho emazweni akubo, ngoba endlini encane ngoba izwe ohlala kulo."

"Perm Omkhulu"

Umhlobo esifundeni Perm emangalisayo. emihumeni Picturesque futhi elingavamile, amawa ugu, kwakheka ngenxa imvula umoya, amanzi notshwala kukhona ezikhumbuzo adalwe Imvelo uqobo lwayo.

I muva evunywe iphrojekthi zesifunda "Perm Omkhulu" okukhulu umfanekiso ubuhle bemvelo onqenqemeni njengoba ikhadi lebhizinisi esifundeni. Ukuhlukahlukana landscape kunomthelela eziningi ezokuvakasha, adventure travel nge okuqukethwe kunalokho esiyingqayizivele zomlando namasiko.

Lolu hlelo Kama izivakashi endaweni eyodwa ehlanganisa amahlukuzo "White Intaba", "Usva", "Parma" futhi "Ashatly". Theme amapaki kuhlelwe ukuze uhlangane ku umzila owodwa ngamazwe, ukudala ke isimiso "Golden Ring".

Well lena ithuba eliyingqayizivele ukuhlola umcebo amagugu zemvelo, zamasiko nezomlando yesifunda.