UMichael Rockefeller: biography, izinguqulo zokunyamalala

UMichael Rockefeller wayengumcwaningi waseMelika emkhakheni we-ethnography ne-anthropology. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba nobuhlobo obuqondile nomndeni wakwaRockefeller, uyise wayengumpolitiki owaziwayo nombhange.

Isiphetho se-ethnographer sinezimfihlakalo, njengoba sanyamalala ngo-1961 ngesikhathi sokuhambela eNew Guinea. Okuthandwa kakhulu emaphephandabeni yiyona nguqulo eyadliwa ngamanoni wesinye sezizwe. Lesi sitatimende sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi umcwaningi wathunyelwa esizweni sakwa-Aboriginal, esasiqhathaniswa negazi layo. Ubani lo muntu kanye nalokho akwenza e-Oceania, ungafunda kulesi sihloko.

Rockefellers

UMichael wayengummeleli womndeni ocebile kakhulu waseMelika ngaleso sikhathi. Umndeni wakwaRockefeller ubonisa umcebo. Abamele bayo bangabanye uhlobo lwezithonjana zomnotho nezombangazwe.

Amalungu alo mndeni ayingxenye yamafemu amakhulu omthetho, izakhiwo zempi, abezindaba, izinhlangano zokubamba iqhaza. Baba yinkosikazi emangalisayo ngenxa yomsebenzi kaJohn Rockefeller, Jr., owayehlala ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye futhi wahileleka embonini yamafutha nakwezimali. Ummeleli omncane odumile walo mndeni kwakunguNelson Aldrich Rockefeller, okumele futhi utshelwe kancane. Nguye owaxhasa indodana yakhe futhi wamfuna ngemuva kokunyamalala kwakhe.

Sombusazwe owaziwayo

UMichael Rockefeller wayeyindodana yendoda enethonya eMelika. U-Nelson Aldrich wayengesiyena nje umbhange, wayesebenza ezombusazwe futhi waphumelela kahle kulokhu. Ngo-1974-1977 wayengumongameli we-United States.

Waqala ukusebenza emabhange eNew York, eLondon naseParis. Igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa nokudaliswa kwedumela elidumile eNew York Rockefeller Center, ukwakhiwa nokuqedela ayeliphethe.

Ibhange liye lahlanganyela ezombusazwe kusukela emasimini ekhulu lokugcina. Wayengelungu leRipublican Party. Ngaphansi kokubusa kukaDwight Eisenhower, wayenguPhini likamengameli, futhi kamuva - umsizi okhethekile ekhanda likahulumeni ezindabeni zomthetho wangaphandle.

Ngo-1959-1973 uNelson wayengumbusi waseNew York. Konke lokhu wazama ukugijimela umongameli, kodwa akusizi ngalutho. Yonke imizamo emine ayitholanga ukwesekwa okwanele phakathi kwabameleli beqembu lakhe.

Umholi wezombangazwe washona ngo-26.01.1979 kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo okuvela ngesikhathi sokulala ngokocansi nenkosikazi yakhe. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ubudala.

UNelson Aldrich washada kabili futhi wayenabantwana abayisikhombisa:

• I-Rodman;
• U-Anne;
• UStefanu;
• UMariya;
• UMichael;
• UNelson;
• Maka.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMariya noMichael babengamawele. Ngaphezu kwalokho yonke imininingwane izokhathazeka ngokuphila kukaMichael kuphela.

Biography

UMichael Rockefeller wazalwa ngoMeyi 18, 1938. Ubaba wakhe, njengoba sishilo, ungumbhange uNelson Aldrich, nomkhulu uyi-dollar yokuqala eyizigidigidi uJohn. Bonke babegqoka igama elithi Rockefeller.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, lo mfana wayenesithakazelo endulo. Le nentshisekelo yayisekelwa ngokugcwele ngubaba. Kusukela esemncane wachitha isikhathi esikhungweni se-Institute of Anthropology, eyayikhona ngenxa yokunikela komndeni wakhe. Ekhetha ukuba yososayensi, uMichael wangena eHarvard University, owayiqeda ngo-1960.

Ngemva kwalokho, le nsizwa yasebenza izinyanga eziningana ebuthweni. Wazama ukuba yilungu le-expedition yesayensi e-Oceania ukuze aqoqe iqoqo lakhe lezindaba ezizokhuluma ngokuphila kwabantu base-Aboriginal. Ubaba naye wasekela indodana yakhe futhi wasiza imali.

UMichael Rockefeller, okhulunywa ngaye kulesi sihloko, wayekwazi ukuhamba emgwaqeni ekwindla ka-1961.

Ukuthunyelwa ku-Oceania

Ngemva kokuvumelana ne-ethnographer yaseDutch, ogama lakhe linguRene Wassing, uMichael Rockefeller washiya i-Oceania. Lapho befika khona, baqashe izakhamuzi ezimbili njengabaqondisi. Babizwa ngoLeo and Simon.

Bonke bahamba besuka emzaneni baya emzaneni, bethengisa ubuciko be-aborigines, kufaka phakathi ubuciko obusetshenzisiwe. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, banikela ngemikhiqizo yensimbi, phakathi kweziphi izikhonkwane nezinkokhelo ezazivame kakhulu.

Abacwaningi babengaboni ngokwanele futhi bathola. Bathandwa umqondo wokuhlangana nesizwe samazinyo, okwakuboniswa yigazi.

Abathengi be-Skull

Abanye abaPapu banikeza izazi ezimhlophe kushi. Ngakho babebiza ngokuthi ama-skulls omisiwe anemibala. Bakwazi ukuqoqa iqoqo elimangalisayo, abayithuthela eNyuziyamu YaseNew York.

Uma abacwaningi beyekile kulokhu, mhlawumbe isiphetho sabo sasiyohluka. Ososayensi abalahlekile banquma ukuthatha ithuba bese baya ku-asparties.

Uhambo oluya e-Asmatam

Ukuthunyelwa kwezizwe ezazingela igazi kwaqala ngoNovemba 18, 1961. Abacwaningi abalahlekile banquma ukuya emzaneni oyifunayo eduze komfula. Ukuze benze lokhu, bathengisa isikebhe esenziwe ngokwenziwe ngabasePapu, bafaka imoto kuyo futhi bahamba nohambo lwabo. Umkhumbi wawugcwele ngokweqile, kodwa abantu abasha abazange banakekele.

Babedinga ukugibela amakhilomitha amathathu, futhi babenethemba lokuthi ngeke kube nezinkinga. UMichael wanquma ukuthumela iziqondiso zasogwini ukugebha ukusiza. U-Leo noSimon bafika emhlabathini, kodwa balahlekelwa ehlathini. Abahlengikazi bakuthola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ososayensi basala ukulinda usizo, kodwa isikebhe sasihlanganiswa ngogagasi olukhulu futhi sasijika. U-Renee wanquma ukuqhubeka ehamba ngokusiza ukuphazamiseka kwedivayisi yokubhukuda, futhi umngane wakhe washayela ogwini futhi wanyamalala lapho.

Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, uRenee watholakala esebenzisa isikebhe seNetherlands Navy, kanti umqeqeshi we-Tasman wamthatha wangena. U-Renee wayesesimweni esithukuthele futhi wakwazi ukutshela ngalokho okwakwenzekile lapho efika kuye.

Amandla amakhulu aphonswa efuna indlalifa ecebile. Phakathi kwabo bahlobisa ihlathi, phansi komfula, babuza abantu bakubo. Awekho amathrekhi atholakele. Ubaba, owayebalekela eNew York, wasebenzisa imali eningi ekufuneni, kodwa aphumelelanga. Imfihlakalo yukuthi ngisho noma umzimba wasosayensi awutholakali, uNelson Rockefeller wayengenakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokubuyela ekhaya engenalutho.

Inhlekelele emndenini ayizange ithinte umsebenzi wezombangazwe, lapho ebuyele ekhaya, wathatha isikhundla se-vice-president we-United States. Ekhumbula indodana yakhe, wagcwalisa iphiko eMetropolitan Museum. Iphethe igama lomsosayensi olahlekile. Ikhombisa imibukiso yobuciko bokuqala.

Inguqulo yokudliwa

UMichael Rockefeller waya kuphi? Isizathu sokufa kwe-ethnographer, mhlawumbe, kuzohlala esinye sezimfihlakalo zekhulu lokugcina. Izitolo eziningi zabezindaba zondla inguqulo yokuthi uMichael wadliwa ngabakwa-Aborigines begazi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi wakwazi ukugibela ogwini futhi afike ku-asmatas.

Kusukela emazwini omunye wezithunywa zevangeli kwaziwa ukuthi abamele lesi sizwe bathatha izambatho zakwaMelika ezingekho. Baze babonisa namathambo abantu okusolakala ukuthi aphethwe nguRockefeller. Kodwa kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuthola yonke imininingwane, njengoba uChristian Ian Smith efa.

Kwakukhona omunye ufakazi, futhi isithunywa sevangeli, owabika ukuthi uzwile kubahlali bama-aborigines mayelana nensizwa ebulawe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekhanda, eligcinwe yi-shaman yalesi sizwe, kwakukhona "amehlo ensimbi". Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi kwakuyizibuko zomcwaningi, ongazange azithathe. Kodwa akekho owayengathola lesi skull.

Kungani u-Asmatas angadla umcwaningi? Isizathu sokuqala singase sibe inkolelo yokuthi ama-cannibals adle izitha zabo ukuze zikwazi amandla abo kanye namakhono abo. Isizathu sesibili singaba ukuthi ama-Aborigines akholwa elwandle elwandle eliphuma emanzini ngesimo somuntu ngekhanda elihle. Futhi lapho indodana ye-billionaire ishiya emfuleni, bayesaba futhi bambulala.

Ezinye izinguqulo zokunyamalala

U-ethnographer waseMelika wayengenakufa nakanjani ngezandla namazinyo ama-aborigines. Beka phambili inguqulo ayigcoba emfuleni, idliwe yizingwenya. Kodwa-ke, umfula wawunamathele ngokucophelela futhi awutholanga lutho oluzoqinisekisa lokhu. Futhi inguqulo yezingwenya ibonakala ingenakwenzeka, njengoba abaqhubi kanye noRenee bebekhona emanzini isikhathi eside, kodwa hhayi ingwenya eyodwa yabathinta.

Ayikho impendulo ecacile embuzweni wokunyamalala kwentsha kuze kube yilolu suku.

Idokhumenti

Ungayithola kanjani okunye mayelana nokuhambela okubi lapho uMichael Rockefeller enqamuka khona? "Izimfihlo zekhulu leminyaka" wadala futhi wakhulula i-documentary ezikrinini, okuthiwa "Ulahlekelwa i-Rockefeller Expedition".

Ifilimu yakhululwa ngo-2003, isikhathi sayo simizuzu engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye. U-Oleg Ryaskov waba umqondisi wesithombe. Wayengumkhiqizi ophethe lokhu kanye namanye amafilimu edokhumenti avela kulolu chungechunge. Ngaphansi kokuhola kwakhe, kwakhululwa amafilimu angu-30 alolu chungechunge.

"Izimfihlo zekhulu" zizinikezele emigqumeni namaqiniso angazange ahunyushwe ngokucacile emphakathini womlando. Ekupheleni kokukhishwa ngakunye, umbukeli angakhetha yena amaphuzu okubuka aphakanyisiwe.