Operation "Bagration". Belarus Ukukhululwa uhlelo (1944)

Ehlobo lika-1944, ibutho lamaSoviet laqala inkululeko sokugcina Belarus kusukela amaJalimane. Okuqukethwe eyinhloko "Bagration" ukusebenza uhlelo lahlelwa okuhlaselayo nezimpi eziningana, okuyinto kwaba ukuphonsa Wehrmacht amabutho ngaphandle kwezwe. Impumelelo avunyelwe eU.SSR ukuqala yokukhululwa Poland futhi yaseMpumalanga Prussia.

ngosuku olwandulela

Strategic Plan "Bagration" lwenzelwe ngokwendlela isimo linqoba ekuqaleni kuka-1944 e Belarus. I iRed Army onesabelo zokuthwala Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev futhi Polesie izifunda zezwe. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi insimu yalo wayesalokhu elalihlala amayunithi German. Ngesikhathi phambi, bakha kwelivi ukuthi Wehrmacht wabizwa ngokuthi "emphemeni Belarusian". Endlunkulu-Third Reich benza konke ababengakwenza eside ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugcine le ndawo kubalulekile zamasu.

Ukuze avikele entsha imingcele inethiwekhi emhlabeni 250 amakhilomitha ubude yadalwa. Kwakumelwe imisele, ngocingo oluhlabayo futhi minefields. Kwezinye izingxenye ngokushesha bemba anti-tank ube nemigodi ngemigodi. umyalo German wakwazi ngisho ukwandisa akuxhomekile ayo eBelarus, naphezu ukusweleka kwemitfombolusito yeluntfu. Ngokusho Soviet idatha intelligence esifundeni, kwakukuncane abangaphezu kwesigidi amasosha Wehrmacht. Yini lokhu kungase abamelana 'Operation Bagration "? Loluhlelo yayisekelwe kuhlasela, amasosha angaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi.

ukuvunyelwa uhlelo

Ukulungiselela ukuthi umsebenzi ukunqoba amaJalimane e Belarus waqala kuma-oda kukaStalin ngo-April 1944. Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-General Abasebenzi waqala ukugxila isigaba esifanele kwezinhloko zamaviyo phambi futhi kwemathiriyali. Loluhlelo yasekuqaleni "Bagration" kwahlongozwa nguJenene Alekseem Antonovym. Ekupheleni kuka-May, ayewulungiselele operation okusalungiswa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo eMoscow okudalwe izinduna ukhiye phezu Western Front. Kwaba Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky no-Ivan Bagramyan. Babika isimo emikhakheni yabo ngaphambili. Le ngxoxo waba futhi abangu- Georgy Zhukov no-Aleksandru Vasilevsky (abamele Amathenda Command). Uhlelo olusha futhi elicwengisiswe. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-May 30 ke sivunyiwe yi uMkhuzi.

"Bagration" (plan laqanjwa kanjalo behlonipha Jikelele we War Patriotic ka 1812 iminyaka) esekelwe ukukhulelwa elandelayo. izivikelo isitha sika kwadingeka ukuba kanyekanye ngobugebengu emikhakheni eyisithupha ngaphambili. Ngemva kwalokho kwakuhlelwe encirclement amabutho aseJalimane phezu ezinhlangothini (eduze Bobruisk futhi Vitebsk), ecasula bebheke Brest, Minsk futhi Kaunas. Ngemva kokunqotshwa ephelele Army 1st isiBelorussia Front kwadingeka ngihambe ku Warsaw, 1st Baltic - by eKönigsberg futhi 3rd Belarus - maqondana Allenstein.

abashokobezi isenzo

Impumelelo ukusebenza inikezwe "Bagration"? Loluhlelo yayisekelwe hhayi kuphela ukusebenza oda Amathenda nebutho lezempi, kodwa futhi ku ubudlelwano bayo asebenzayo nge abashokobezi. Ukuze unike amandla ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo wadala umsebenzi amabutho ezikhethekile. Juni 8 abashokobezi ezisebenza ngaphansi komhlaba, sayalwa ukuba ulungiselele kukho ukubhubha ojantshi, wamisa endaweni ngimatasa futhi.

Ngobusuku buka-June 20-ke yasha abangaphezu kuka 40,000 amathrekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashokobezi aphazamisa izitimela we Wehrmacht. Iqembu "Isikhungo" waba ngaphansi ishaywa esihlelwe ibutho laseSoviet, abakwazanga ukudonsa ukuze front line izinqolobane ngenxa ukukhubazeka zokuxhumana yabo.

Vitebsk-Orsha wokuhlasela

"Bagration" ukusebenza ngo-June 22 waqala isigaba asebenzayo. Lalihlanganisa kwalolu suku akwenzekanga ngephutha. okuhlaselayo Jikelele kuqhutshwe ngokushesha ngesikhathi kugujwa iminyaka engu-wesithathu kuhlasela German iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu. 1st Baltic Front kanye 3rd Belarus zazisetshenziselwa operation Vitebsk-Orshanskaya. Ngokuhamba kwaba ukuletha phansi ukuzivikela ngakwesokudla iphiko iqembu "Isikhungo". I iRed Army yakhululwa a izindawo ezimbalwa Vitebsk esifundeni, kuhlanganise Orsha. I amaJalimane emuva yonke indawo.

Juni 27 Vitebsk yaxazululeka lesitha. Ngobusuku obandulela iqembu isiJalimane, esebenze endaweni yedolobha, ke uye phansi eziningi wezikhali esindayo futhi emoyeni iziteleka. Ingxenye enkulu amabutho aseJalimane sebephila. Imizamo uqhekeko phuma baba yize.

Juni 28, udedelwe Lepel. Ngenxa yalokho, Vitebsk-Orsha okuhlambalazayo iRed Army kwaba okudiliza cishe ngokuphelele 53 Army Corps isitha. I Wehrmacht wayeshonelwe 40,000 bashonile kwathi 17,000 lithunjwa.

yokukhululwa Mogilev

Lamukela Umbono Ka-Jikelele Headquarters Military Hlela "Bagration 'ukuthi ukusebenza Mogilev kungaba buhlungu juqu kuya Wehrmacht. Kule ndawo, amabutho aseJalimane kwaba kancane esingaphansi kweminye imikhakha bengaphambili. Noma kunjalo, okuhlaselayo Soviet lapha kwakubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba isitha anqunywe imizila yokuphunyuka.

I Mogilev isiqondiso amabutho aseJalimane babe izivikelo kahle. Njalo edolobheni elincane, iseduze umgwaqo omkhulu, aphenduka uyisiphephelo. izindlela Eastern ukuze Mogilev zagqitshwa indandatho eziningana ukuzivikela. Hitler izinkulumo zakhe ezikhonza umphakathi, wathi lo muzi kumele ubanjwe ngazo zonke izindlela. Shiya manje kuvunyelwe kuphela ngenkululeko siqu Fuehrer.

Juni 23 ngemva wezikhali iziteleka amabutho 2nd Front isi-Byelorussian waqala ukuphoqelela emfuleni Prony. Kanye usebe lwawo owawuse amaJalimane eyakhelwe sivikele. Ngaphesheya komfula zabekwa inqwaba amabhuloho. Isitha cishe awekho ukumelana nawe, ngoba wathola ukukhubazeka nge wezikhali. Ngokushesha waqhubeka ngomfutho eliphezulu Dnieper umhlaba e Mogilev esifundeni. Umuzi sathathwa ngo-June 28, ngemva kokuhlaselwa okusheshayo. Sekukonke ngesikhathi ukusebenza bathunjwa amasosha angaphezu kuka-30 eziyinkulungwane German. amabutho Wehrmacht ekuqaleni zinhlanga e ohlelekile, kodwa ngemva kokuthatha Mogilev le ukubaleka yaphenduka siphithiphithi.

ukusebenza Bobruisk

ukusebenza Bobruiskaya lwalwenziwa isiqondiso eseningizimu. Wayefanele eziholela encirclement amayunithi isiJalimane, okuyiwona izinga lalilungiselela ukubhala kubhayela emikhulu of. Uhlelo wokusebenza "Bagration" kwaba ukuthi lo msebenzi kwaba ukwenza 1st Front isiBelorussia, elaliholwa Rokossovsky.

Eduze Bobruisk okuhlaselayo waqala ngo-June 24, okungukuthi kancane umhla kweminye imikhakha bengaphambili. Kule ndawo, kwakukhona emaxhaphozini eziningi. AmaJalimane ungalindeli ukuthi iRed Army ngeke unqobe lo ixhaphozi. Nokho, i-iqhinga nzima ukuthi nokho aphethwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ibutho 65-th wavunguzisa esheshayo futhi emangalisa ukuba nawomaye is akalindanga ngoba isitha. Juni 27, amabutho aseSoviet olawule imigwaqo Bobruisk. Ahlasela umuzi. Bobruisk yaxazululeka we Wehrmacht ntambama 29. Ngesikhathi kokuhlinzwa wabhubhisa Army 35 no-41 Panzer izindlu. Ngemva impumelelo ibutho laseSoviet phezu ezinhlangothini ngoba wayivula kanjani indlela eya Minsk.

Polotsk buhlungu

Ngemva impumelelo Vitebsk 1st Baltic Front iphansi kwesandla sika-Ivan Bagramyan wabe esigabeni esilandelayo ecasula ku izikhundla German. Manje, Army laseSoviet sokuzikhulula Polotsk. Ngakho sanquma ekomkhulu le, iqondisa ukusebenza "Bagration". wasithatha uhlelo kwakudingeka wenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba kule ndawo kwakukhona iqembu eqinile wamabutho "North".

Igalelo ukuze Polotsk obenziwe Juni 29 amabutho aseSoviet zokwakheka eziningana amasu. IRed Army wasiza abashokobezi, ngokungazelelwe abahlasela ezingemuva chitha encane amabutho aseJalimane. Blows nhlangothi zombili ukwenza ukudideka okukhulu nezinxushunxushu kwababusi isitha. Garrison Polotsk wanquma ashona ngaphambi ebhodweni avaliwe.

Julayi ibutho laseSoviet 4th yakhululwa Polotsk, owawungumnyaka osendaweni ezibalulekile futhi ngoba okuhlangana ujantshi. Lokhu ukunqotshwa kwaholela ekubeni ingashiswa Wehrmacht. Elahlekelwa isikhundla sakhe induna Army Iqembu "North" George Lindemann. Nokho, abaholi isiJalimane, kungekho lutho olunye olwenzayo lapho bahluleka. Ngaphambili, ngo-June 28 Kwenzeka into efanayo ne Field Marshal Ernst Bush wayala Army Iqembu "Isikhungo".

yokukhululwa Minsk

I impumelelo kweSoviet Army Headquarters ngokushesha uvunyelwe ukuba ubeke entsha "Bagration" ukusebenza imisebenzi. Mahhala Belarus Iplani kwakungukuthi ukudalwa kubhayela eduze Minsk. Yasungulwa ngemva amaJalimane uhlulekile ukulawula Bobruisk futhi Vitebsk. 4th ibutho laseJalimane kwaba empumalanga Minsk futhi nginqume lonke izwe kwasekuqaleni, amabutho aseSoviet ngokucindezela kusukela Inyakatho neningizimu, kanti okwesibili, izithiyo zemvelo ngesimo emifuleni. West umfula agelezé. Berezina.

Lapho Jikelele Kurt von Tippelskirch wayala ukubaleka ehlelekile, nempi yakhe kwadingeka sithuthe ngaphesheya komfula ku olulodwa ibhuloho nokungcola komgwaqo. AmaJalimane kanye nabangani babo ehlaselwa abashokobezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yokuwela shelled ekuhlaseleni. I iRed Army, wawela uMfula i Berezina mhlaka 30 Juni. Minsk wadedelwa Julayi 3, 1944. Enhloko-dolobha yase-Belarus avela sizungezwe ayizinkulungwane 105 amasosha Wehrmacht. Killing ezingaphezu kuka-70, futhi abanye abangu-35 baba iziboshwa.

Mashi kuya aseBaltic

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amabutho 1st Baltic Front waqhubeka ecasula enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Amasosha iphansi kwesandla sika-Baghramyan kwadingeka ukuze ifohle iye khona oLwandle iBaltic nginqume Army Iqembu "North" kusukela nezinye amayunithi zamabutho German ahlomile. Hlela "Bagration", ngamafuphi, kulindeleke ukuthi impumelelo operation kwadingeka nokwanda okuphawulekayo kulesi sigaba phambi. Ngakho-ke 1st Baltic phambi idluliselwe Army lama-39 futhi 51th.

Lapho izinqolobane kuthiwa ekugcineni kufinyelele ngokuphelele isikhundla eziphambili, amaJalimane ngaphumelela ukuthi Daugavpils amandla eside. Manje njengoba ibutho laseSoviet kwakungelona inzuzo evelele enjalo zezinombolo, kokubili lapho besanda kuqala ukuhlinzwa "Bagration". Loluhlelo okwesikhathi blitzkrieg ngaleso sikhathi owayehamba kakade sekuyaphela. Amasosha lalilokhu spurt wokugcina ekugcineni khulula indawo Soviet kubahlaseli. Daugavpils futhi Siauliai badedelwa naphezu slippage wendawo kulokhu kuhlasela, ngomhla ka-27 Julayi. 30 inani lempi usike wokugcina wesitimela ezaholela kusukela Baltic ukuze yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Ngosuku olulandelayo, isitha sasibulala kwawona Jelgava, okuvumela ibutho laseSoviet yafika lolwandle.

ukusebenza Vilnius

Uma Chernyakhovsky yakhululwa Minsk abehlula 4th ibutho Wehrmacht, Jikelele Headquarters wamthumela somyalelo entsha. Manje amabutho 3rd isiBelorussia Front nanikhululekile Vilnius niwele umfula Neman. Ukuze afeze oda waqala ngo-July 5, okusho ukuthi usuku ngemva kwempi e Minsk.

Ekhatsi Vilnius kwaqinisa isikaniso, ehlanganisa amasosha 15,000. Hitler, ukuze sigcine eyayiyinhloko-dolobha yaseLithuania waqala iphendukele evamile inkulumo-ze uhamba, ukushaya umuzi "inqaba zokugcina". Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Army 5th kakade phakathi ngosuku lokuqala okuhlaselayo kwabheduka ngezinyawo amakhilomitha angu-20. Ummeli German kwaba abayekethisayo athukulule ngenxa yokuthi bonke ezisebenza division Baltic balimale ehlushwa zempi odlule. Nokho, ngo-July 5, amaNazi namanje Uzame balwe. Lo mzamo baba yize. Ibutho laseSoviet nekasele kwendlela eya emzini.

9 inombolo yena athumba amaphuzu osendaweni ezibalulekile - esiteshini futhi esikhumulweni sezindiza. Infantry kanye ithangi nabasebenza umkhankaso lokushaya juqu. Eyayiyinhloko-dolobha yaseLithuania wadedelwa mhlaka 13 Julayi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amabutho 3rd Front isiBelorussia esesizile amasosha asePoland eKhaya Army. Ngaphambi nje kokuwa emzini ubekhulisa ke ekuvukeleni uNkulunkulu.

Ukuphela ukusebenza

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina ukusebenza Army Soviet igcwaliswe yokukhululwa Western Belarus esifundeni, iseningizimu eduze komngcele ePoland. Julayi 27 washaqiswa Bialystok. Ngakho, amasosha ekugcineni kufinyelele pre-impi isimo imingcele. Agasti 14 Osovets Army yakhululwa kanye esesikhundleni bridgehead emfuleni Narew.

26 Julayi amabutho aseSoviet babe emaphethelweni Brest. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, umuzi okwakusekhona abahlali German. Ngo-August i okuhlaselayo nasempumalanga yePoland. AmaJalimane egumbuqela kuye eduze Warsaw. 29 Agasti yanyatheliswa nesiqondiso boPhezukonke Command, owawuthi iRed Army ezingenamafutha kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe azivikele. I okuhlaselayo limiswe. Ukusebenza iphelile.

Uma lelisu sikhishwe "Bagration", seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wathuthela sokugcina. The Army Soviet yakhululwa ngokuphelele Belarus futhi manje bakwazi ukuqala okuhlaselayo entsha ihlelwe ePoland. Germany kwakuthandeka sesinqotshiwe ekugcineni. Ngakho Belarus yaphela le Mpi Enkulu. Hlela "Bagration" kwenziwa e esikhathini esifishane. Belarus kancane kancane sekusile kuyo, ukubuyela ekuphileni sokuya empini. Izwe wahlushwa kweJalimane, mhlawumbe ukudlula noma yibaphi abanye republic sobunye.