Umklomelo wokuphila ejele. Ikhodi yeCriminal ye-Russian Federation

Isijeziso sokufa nokuboshwa ejele kuyisijeziso esikhulu kunazo zonke zobugebengu obuthile. Lesi silinganiso siqala ukusebenza kusukela ngesikhathi umusho uqala ukusebenza. Ukuqedwa kwalesi sijeziso kubhekwa njengokuqedwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezikhona. Ake sicabangele ngokwengeziwe, ngoba yini enikeza isijeziso saso sonke isikhathi.

Ulwazi jikelele

Emazweni amaningana, ukusetshenziswa kokuboshwa ejele kwenza kube yisigwebo esiphezulu sezenzo ezingekho emthethweni. Kwamanye amazwe lapho kunesinye isilinganiso esiphezulu, senza njengendlela ehlukile noma ngesimo sokuxolelwa. Kumiswe, isibonelo, ngokubulala. Ikhodi Yezobugebengu inikeza isilinganiso esinjalo sezenzo zobukhulu obukhethekile. Kwamanye amazwe, abantu abagwetshiwe abanelungelo lokukhululwa ngokushesha. Kwamanye amazwe, ukuqokwa kokuboshwa ejele akusho ukuthi umenzi wobugebengu uzosebenza isikhathi kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe. Umthetho ungavumela isikhathi esiphezulu sokujeziswa noma ukukhululwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile.

Amaphoyisa asejele eRussia

Kunezikhungo eziningana ezweni lapho izigebengu zigcinwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zabo. Zihlanganisa:

1. I-Polar Owl. Ijele laseRussia lisemzaneni waseHarp. Kulo, u-Pichushkin ("uBitsevsky maniac"), u- Evsyukov (owayekade engumbutho wamabutho) ukhonza isikhathi sabo.
2. Ukhozi omnyama. Le IR itholakala emzaneni waseLozvinsky. Lapha uhlala eTikhomirov (amaphekula), Chudinov, Sedykh ("Lipetsk chikatilo").
3. "I-Vologda Pyatik". Itholakala eduze kwedolobha laseB Belozersk. Kuleli colony lokuboshwa ejele kukhona iBychkov, iGridin "Liftter", Anufriev.
4. "I-White Swan". Leli jela laseRussia lisiseSolikamsk. UVinogradov, owadubula osebenza nabo abayisikhombisa, uPiskikov, uBurtsev, uMurylev noVolkhov, usebenzela isigwebo sakhe lapha.
5. "Ihlengethwa elimnyama". Lesi sikhungo siseSol-Iletsk. Isikhathi sokuphila lapha sikhonze iBrazhnov, izihlukumezi zikaNagorny kanye noMukhankin, kanye no-cannibal Nikolaev.

Izici zesinqumo

Izihloko ze-Criminal Code yaseRussian Federation ezenzelwe isijeziso esinzima zibandakanya ubugebengu obuphikisana nokuphila, impilo, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili komuntu ongakaze aneminyaka engu-14. Lezi zenzo zibhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nobugebengu obubhekene nokuziphatha komphakathi, abantu, ukuphepha kukahulumeni kanye nezakhamuzi. Ngaphambili, ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, ukudubula kwahlelwe. Njengamanje, izihloko ze-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation aziqinisekisi leso sijeziso ngokukhansela kwayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Ukungafani

Ngenxa yobugebengu obubi kakhulu (isibonelo, ukubulala), i-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation ayihlinzeki ngesilinganiso esiphezulu uma isenzo sobugebengu singowesifazane, isihloko esingeneminyaka engu-18 ngesikhathi sobugebengu, kanye namadoda afinyelela eminyakeni engama-65 ngesikhathi isigwebo sidluliselwa. Umthetho uhlinzeka ngamanye amacala lapho isijeziso singasetshenzisiwe. Abantu abagwetshwa ukukhonza isigwebo sabo bonke ukuphila kwabo bangadedelwa nge-parole. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kwenzeka inkantolo ithola ukuthi umuntu olahlwe yilapho engadingi ukuhlala e-IC futhi empeleni uye wakhonza okungenani iminyaka engu-25.

Umbono wochwepheshe

Emva kokunye ukudubula kwakuyisigwebo sokuphila, abahlaziyi abaningi baphakamisa ukuthi maduzane kuzoba khona ukuntuleka kwezikhungo zokulungiswa kwezigwegwe. Noma kunjalo, lo mbono awuqinisekisiwe ngokwenza. Ukuqokwa kokuboshwa ejele kwaqalwa izikhathi eziningana kaningi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lalabo abanecala liye lahlala cishe ngezinga elifanayo emashumini eminyaka edlule. Ngo-2005, isibonelo, kwakunabantu abangu-1543 abakhonza imisho yokuphila. Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, abantu abangu-312 bagwetshwe. Ngo-2011, kwakunezinsolo ezingu-1517. Kulezi zindaba kungabonakala ukuthi inani lezigebengu eziyingozi kakhulu liye lancipha kancane eminyakeni edlule. Kodwa ngo-2013, inani labo lenyuke lafika ku-1825.

Okukhethekile kokuhlala ku-IR

Abantu abakuboshwe isijeziso ngendlela yokuphila ejele, bagcinwa ezimweni eziqinile kakhulu. Ukuze uthole inecala azikho izikhalazo. Emasensheni lapho bahlala khona, kufanele kube nokuhlanzeka okuphelele. Kukhona ukuthula njalo ezindlini. Njengoba behlale ezimweni ezinjalo cishe iminyaka engu-3-4, iziboshwa ziyafana, njengamawele. Ubuso babo bube bubala, ama-hunch back, futhi emehlweni - ukungabi nalutho. Ngokwezibalo zengqondo, phakathi nonyaka wokuqala iziboshwa zijwayele izimo ezinzima kangaka. Eminyakeni emithathu eyalandela, basezingeni eliphezulu elifanayo futhi ngandlela-thile bafana nama-biorobots. Benza yonke imiyalo ngaphandle kokucabanga ngamazwi abawazwile. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufike umkhawulo othize ongokwengqondo. Noma iziboshwa zijwayele ukuhlala ngokungapheli ezindongeni zeseli futhi ziqhubeke zibe yi-biorobots, noma ukuchithwa kwengqondo nokwenyama kwenzeka. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes kuqala, ukukhula kocingo lwama-cortic, futhi izilonda zivela emaphethelweni emathunjini. Ngakho-ke, abasolwa baqala ukufa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.

Namuhla akukho izibalo zokufa ezisemthethweni eziboshwa iziboshwa zokuphila. Kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso bahlala ku-IC iminyaka engu-5-8 yokuqala. Ukufa kweziboshwa kuza ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo. Landisa isimo sabo sokuzicindezela. Kulokhu, izici zengqondo zidlala indima enkulu.

Izijeziso eziphakeme kwamanye amazwe: i-Australia

INkantolo Ephakeme ingafaka ukuphila ejele ngenxa yobugebengu obubi kakhulu. Njengomthetho, abanecala bangakhululwa emva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokukhonza. Uma amaphoyisa ebulawa, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20. E-South Wales, ngemvume yombusi, isilinganiso esiphezulu sisetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuthokozisa kwesigebengu. Okwamanje, abantu abangu-47 bakhethwa ukuphila, kuhlanganise nomfazi oyedwa.

E-USA

EmaMelika, kuye ngokuthi isigwebo kanye nenkantolo yenkantolo, ukuboshwa ejele kungase kuhambisane nengozi yokukhululwa. Isikhathi sokuhlala esikhungweni esifanele ngaphambi kokuzwa kokuqala kokucabangela kufanele kube iminyaka engu-15-25. Isigwebo sokuphila sisetshenziswa e-US kanye nezakhamizi ezingakafiki eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili. Ukuxolelwa kungavunyelwa yisinqumo sombusi noma umongameli.

Turkey

Kuleli zwe, ngokujeziswa kuze kube phakade, njengomthetho, akukho ithuba lokukhululwa. Kodwa-ke, kulo mthetho namanje unikezwa. Isikhathi sokuhlala etilongweni kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukuzwa ngokucabangela sekuyiminyaka eyi-15. Kanye nalokhu, isijeziso "esiqinile" sinikezwa eTurkey. Endabeni yokwenza ubugebengu obuhlinzekwe ezihlokweni eziphikisana nogandaganda, abantu bakhonza isigwebo sabo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zabo bengenalungelo lokuxolela. Ukuze kukhululwe, ummangalelwa kumele akhombise umkhandlu okhethekile ekuphendukeni kwakhe okugcwele, ukuqonda ukukhandla kwemisebenzi eyenziwe emphakathini futhi kungabikho usongo kubantu.

Finland

Ngokomlando, umuntu oyedwa onganikeza imvume yokuxolela ngumongameli. Ngo-Okthoba 1, 2006, iNkantolo Yokudluliswa Kwe-Helsinki nayo inelungelo. Ukukhululwa komuntu onecala kuvunyelwe ngemuva kweminyaka engu-12 yokukhonza isigwebo. Uma ukuxolelwa kukwenqatshelwe, ukulalela okulandelayo kungamiswa emva kweminyaka emibili. Uma lowo muntu olahlwe yicala, ukukhululwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kweminyaka emithathu. Uma kungekho ukwephulwa, isakhamuzi siphumula ngokuphelele emva kweminyaka emithathu. Kulabo abasolwa ngokubulala ubugebengu ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-21, ukulalela kokuqala kungamiswa emva kweminyaka eyishumi yokukhonza. Isakhamuzi esincane singeke sigwetshwe ukuboshwa ejele.

EFrance

Kulo lizwe, isigwebo sokuphila singasungulwa ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu, ubuphekula, ukufa okuhloswe ngamabomu, ukuhweba izidakamizwa kanye nezinye izenzo zobugebengu, imiphumela okuvezwa ngayo ekufeni noma ehambisana nokuhlukunyezwa. Ngokwezibalo, isilinganiso sabantu abangu-25 sigwetshwa isilinganiso esiphakathi eFrance minyaka yonke. Ukukhululwa kuvunyelwe ngemuva kweminyaka engu-18 yokukhonza, ngenxa yokubuyiselwa emuva - iminyaka engu-22. Inkantolo kusukela ngo-1994 ingasungula ababulali bezingane uma ubugebengu behambisana nokudlwengulwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa, isikhathi seminyaka engama-30, noma sinqume ukuthi lowo muntu owenze ubugebengu ngeke akhululwe.

ESwitzerland

Kuleli zwe, isigwebo sokuphila kubhekwa njengesilinganiso esiqine kakhulu. Uqokwe ubugebengu obuyingozi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukubulawa kobuhlanga, ukubulala, ukuthatha impi, ukuthatha, ukulwa ohlangothini lwamazwe angaphandle ngokumelene neSwitzerland. Isijeziso esinjalo siphinde sinikezwe ubuqhawe, ukuhlubuka, ukwesaba empini, ukuvukela, ukungalaleli umyalelo. Lokhu kulungiswe ikhodi yezempi yezwe. Ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ithuba lokukhululwa ngaphambi kwesimiso, umuntu olahlwe yicala kumele ahlale okungenani engu-15, futhi kwezinye izimo angaphansi kweminyaka engaphansi kweyishumi. Eminyakeni yama-1980 nango-1990, ababuyiselwa eSwitzerland benza uchungechunge lokubulala. Ephendula lezi zenzo zobugebengu, iKomidi Yomphakathi yaqoqa amasayinithi angama-200 ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ukuze kube nesiphakamiso esibucayi kubantu abanjengo-incorrigible ngendlela yokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi izinsuku zabo zonke. Lesi silinganiso sasixhaswe ngu-56% walabo abavotele ngo-2004. Futhi nakuba kuphela i-People's Party ephikisana nayo, yatholwa emthethweni futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 2008.

Estonia

Kuleli zwe, ukuboshwa ejele kusho ukuboshwa komenzi wobugebengu. Ngokwemfundiso, ukuxolelwa kungavunyelwa yisinqumo sikaMongameli. Nokho, ngokusebenza, azikho amacala okukhululwa. Izakhamuzi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ezithweswe icala lobugebengu obubi kakhulu zinethuba lokuxolelwa. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokukhonza isigwebo sabantu abasha kuyineminyaka eyi-10.

I-Japan

Kuleli zwe, isigwebo sokuphila yisilinganiso sesibili esinzima kakhulu ngemva kokubulawa. Imithetho yokujezisa yaseJapane ayivumeli isigwebo secala eliphakeme kakhulu nakwamanye amazwe. Umuntu olahlwe yicala kumele ahlale ejele okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ukuze akwazi ukucela ukuxolelwa. Nokho, phakathi neminyaka, lesi sikhathi sesanda. Ngo-2011, wayengumuntu oneminyaka engu-35 ubudala. Kuze kube manje, umuntu olahlwe yicala kufanele ahlale ejele okungenani iminyaka engu-20. Ngokwezibalo ngo-2010 eJapane kwakukhona izigebengu ezimbili ezisebenze iminyaka engu-60 zihlukaniswa nomphakathi ngaphandle kokuxolelwa. Ukuncishwa kwenkululeko kulelizwe, njengomthetho, akuhlali isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, umenzi wokudlwengula, ngisho nokusetshenziswa kokusongela nokuhlambalaza okukhulu, unikezwa ukujeziswa kokujeziswa, uma ngabe lokhu kuyisenzo sabo sokuqala.

Ukubulawa kuka-2-degree ngaphambi kokuba kube nezimo ezinciphisa, umuntu ugwetshwe iminyaka engu-5-7 ejele. Ukuxolela kuvame ukufika eminyakeni engu-3-5 ngokungabikho kwemibono yangaphambilini. Abaphikisi bamacala aseJapane bafuna ukuboshwa okunye isikhathi eside nesimo sokungcebeleka okungenani iminyaka eyishumi noma isigwebo sokuphila kwangempela. Kwezinye izimo, isikhathi singase sinqabe. Isibonelo, ubude bokuhlala etilongweni ngaphambi kokuzwa kokuxolelwa kwehla uma kwenzeka ukufa kombusi.