Umlando Carnival eRussia

Mardi Gras - ke ingenye ambalwa amaholide kazwelonke, ne zeminyaka yomlando, okuyinto namanje ogujwa abantu baseRussia. Nokho, amashumi zindlela, yasungulwa ngenxa izintambo yobusika ilindele yokuHlawula, abaphila manje aziwa ngamandla 5-6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi abazi ukuthi kungani futhi lapho ebonakala eRussia Maslenitsa. Umlando holidi Kuyathakazelisa nezingane ikakhulukazi ukhangwa imidlalo fun nokuzijabulisa, kanye ukudla yendabuko okumnandi. Ngokwesibonelo, kunzima ukuthola ingane akawuthandi pancake pancake!

amaholide amaqaba

Lamasiko ESonto Spring umhlangano futhi yokuvalelisa ebusika kwakunamaqembu ezizwe eziningi ngaphandle kokuzivivinya ezinsukwini zobuqaba. Ikakhulukazi, lwamaSlav kusukela kudala kugujwa ngenjikalanga entwasahlobo. Kukhona umbono okunye ukuthi umlando Carnival elisuka isikhathi lapho ukukhulekela unkulunkulu Veles, iyona ongumvikeli Izinkomo zizalela kanye nezolimo. umkhosi wakhe ewela mhla ziyi-24 Febhuwari nesitayela esisha futhi ezandulela umhlangano konyaka omusha, okuyinto kuze kube-1492, unyaka kwaqala ngo-March.

zomkhosi

Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umlando umsuka Carnival sihlehlela emuva Antiquity. Ngempela, lo mkhosi afana Slavic ebusika izintambo yayikhona eRoma yasendulo. Ngemva ukwamukelwa kobuKristu ngu uMbusi uConstantine ezilandelayo 1-2 kweminyaka eyikhulu ngaphambi kokuphela isonto kukhona umbuzo zokulwa ebuqabeni. Kuze kube yimanje, imikhosi eziningi inkolo entsha bathunyelwa ngosuku elihambisana izinsuku lapho kwanqunywa ukuba adumise onkulunkulu sasendulo saseRoma. Ikakhulukazi, imingcele yokuHlawula abangu sigudluke kancane, futhi esikhundleni bacchanalian, futhi Saturnalia yayiqhutshelwa emikhosini yenkolo. Phela, abantu abaziyo ukuthi izwi French "Carnival" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inyama yokuvalelisa", futhi bavumelane igama lasendulo lesibili Russian Maslenitsa - Myasopustu. Ukuze carnivals okokuqala ngomqondo wesimanje emadolobheni iningi zaseYurophu zaqala ukuthatha indawo wangekhulu lesi-9. Ngalesi sikhathi isonto uye waqinisa isikhundla salo, futhi abefundisi alwa kancane ngentshiseko izinsalela esidlule abangamaqaba, ikakhulukazi kusukela isigamu lokuqala lwesonto iholide ubephelezelwa emikhosini eminingi yenkolo.

Umlando Shrovetide ukugubha eRussia: imithombo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuKristu beza kithi kusukela eMbusweni WaseByzantium, owalandela isiko yaseGrisi yasendulo. Yingakho umlando Carnival eRussia - inhlanganisela Slavic imikhuba namasiko Orthodox Folk imikhosi kuyiwe yokuHlawula. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, kwavela njengoba phambili izindwendwe e ahloniphe unkulunkulu noDiyonisiyu.

Carnival futhi yokuHlawula

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bavame idealize esidlule bese ukhohlwa ukuthi iRussia ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-18 kwaba izwe kwezolimo, lapho iningi labantu babe abalimi. Ukuchuma kwayo kuyinto encike ngqo kwi izimo zezulu, kangangokuthi eminyakeni mafutha eziningi okwadingeka abhekane nazo lo mkhuba indlala. Ngakho, eqotho ukudla kwabaningi kwaba omunye nezinjabulo ambalwa atholakalayo, ngakho iyiphi iholide yaphenduka idili. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile uma ubheka umlando umsuka Carnival. Ikakhulukazi, abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi yokuHlawula, ngaphandle kokuhileleka enkolweni, futhi usuzwa utilitarian. Ngempela, ngasekupheleni entwasahlobo ebusika-ekuqaleni abalimi ziphelelwa ukudla, bashabalala esiqinile bavunyelwe "ukubambelela" kwaze kwaba sentwasahlobo, lapho kukhona amakhowe kanye namakhambi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuqaleni kuka-February Ngaqala ngokuzala amankonyane izinkomo, ngakho-ke kwaba eningi ubisi, esetshenziswa ukwenza noshizi. Phakathi yokuHlawula yakwazi ukuvuna ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo, ngakho ngemva Easter abangafundile babebhekwa unikezwe okunama-kilojoule amaningi ukudla, owawungumnyaka Ukugunda kakhulu ezinsukwini yokuhlwanyela. Ngaphambi ukulahla unaphakade eqotho, abalimi kanye nabamele amanye amakilasi mnandi futhi abazitika nokuminza. Futhi-ke, njengoba indaba savela nesenzakalo Carnival, ke kwakuxhomeke okuthandwa kanye nezincomo izikhulu namakhosi.

Celebration ngaphansi uPeter Omkhulu

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18 baseRussia baye got ezinye amasiko European. Ikakhulukazi, 1722, ngemva kwempi eside Sweden, uMbusi uPeter Omkhulu angiphendule emikhosini oilseed amanxusa akwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kusimangaze-Europe, ngumbukwane engakaze ibonwe Kwahlelwa: inkosi bedabula iqhwa emkhunjini, elidonswa amahhashi eyishumi nesithupha, futhi kulandelwe "ezintantayo" gondola inkosikazi Catherine ogqoke njengompristi ongumlimi elula. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke! Ukuze bantu bobukhosi ukuhambisa imikhumbi, edonswa izilwane ezahlukene, okuyinto eyenziwa inkantolo. Konke lokhu ubephelezelwa umculo okhalela phezulu nokuthi kuwe kutholakele ukukhanyiselwa, futhi wenza izethameli kwakuhlala isikhathi eside.

Lomgubho Carnival ngaphansi uCatherine II

Umlando Carnival futhi unezinhlobo ezingaba ngu Amakhasi ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene negama uCatherine II. Ikakhulu, usanda kwethula lento ngokwezifiso uhlele Gras izindwendwe eMoscow, eshukunyiswa lonke enkantolo ekupheleni ebusika. Ngokokuqala ngqá umbukwane onjalo abantu abahlala emadolobheni namaphesenti izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe bakwazi ukujabulela usuku wokugcotshwa iNdlovukazi. Vele udwendwe kwaba abantu 4,000 ukuwo nezinqola 200.

Kukhona indaba Carnival imikhosi, ezihlobene inkathi wokubusa uCatherine II: ngesikhathi kuzalwa umzukulu Alexander Empress ahlelwe imikhosi enkulu engakaze ibonwe. Ikakhulukazi, kuyaziwa ukuthi inkantolo, okuyinto eyaba abawinile kule imidlalo, waqala ngemva kokudla kwakusihlwa, banikwa zipho eziyigugu. Ntambama eyodwa nje iNdlovukazi waphana 150 ubucwebe, okuyiwona-Mardi Gras ngonyaka 1777 yabizwa ngokuthi Diamond.

amasiko

Umlando Carnival uzigcinile phambi kwethu incazelo imikhosi ezikhethekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yethu okhokho Pancake ngesonto ngesikhathi Ngesineke emini, ngamunye wabo wayenomsebenzi igama ekhethekile:

"Umhlangano" - ngoMsombuluko;

"Zaigrysh" -vtornik;

"Gourmand" - imvelo;

"NgoLwesine Wide-Razguliay ka" - ngoLwesine;

"Teschin Vecherki" - ngoLwesihlanu;

"Zolovkina imibuthano" - ngoMgqibelo;

"Usuku Ukuthethelela '- ngeSonto.

imisebenzi popular ezifana ngezicathulo nge ice amaslayidi futhi ugibele, amasiko ahlobene ne-abashadayo Were, izindwendwe maskers, Fist izimpi nemincintiswano iqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, abahlanganyeli igrishch ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amabili futhi kushaywa noma Cams wahlela ukuthunjwa iqhwa edolobheni. Futhi-ke, Carnival kwakuyoba engacabangeki ngaphandle evutha ashisa imifanekiso ezibukeka ezindaweni ezahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene.

aphathe

Njengoba sekushiwo, Carnival kwaba ithuba lokugcina ukudla basuthe ngaphambi eside yokuHlawula. ukudla Traditional lalinabashumayeli imikhiqizo yobisi (ukhilimu, cottage shizi, ushizi) kanye amaqanda, kanye zonke izinhlobo imikhiqizo ufulawa, ezifana noshizi amakhekhe, amakhekhe, pryazhentsy, lozenges amahlumela awo. Njengoba for iziphuzo, kukhetha ubhiya.

Idili Maslenitsa: Indaba izingane

Ukuze asindise amasiko Russian zabantu kubaluleke kakhulu accustom izingane amasiko abo kusukela zisencane. Lokhu kusebenza futhi Shrovetide. Phela, leli iholide - omunye ambalwa behlele kithi cishe zinjalo. Othisha belulekwa ukuba baqale ajwayelane izingane Carnival indaba eveza once upon a time okhokho bethu, ukhathele ubusika eside, zanquma ukwenza wakhe ujabule. Futhi kangakanani fun ngaphandle imidlalo yezingane fun?! Ngakho-ke, yasungulwa Emncintiswaneni yamahlaya lapho abahlanganyeli could thola cishile ukuthi ubani phakathi kwabo iyona nabo abanesibindi kodwa ohlakaniphile.

Futhi, uma ufuna ukuhlela iholide enkulisa "Mardi Gras: indaba izingane," imele ne izingane zifunde ezihlukahlukene amahlaya, amahlaya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi baye baklama eminyaka ambalwa edlule, namuhla zingabantu ithuluzi elihle ekwetayeta izingane amasiko abo kazwelonke.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi kanjani ukugubha Maslenitsa eRussia. Umlando holidi ugcwele amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo ngokuqinisekile uzoba nentshisekelo kokubili abadala kanye nezingane.