Umlando Omfushane yathi i-batik kuyikhono

Man has njalo, kusukela enkathini bokuqala ukhona, wafuna nhle nezwe elibazungezile. Ngokuhamba waya konke esingaba nabo kancane ukuze sishintshe izinto, isimo nxazonke. стория батика рассказывает как раз об этом. Futhi Indaba batik utshela nje ngakho.

Batik - iphethini kwi Indwangu

Indwangu upende abantu njalo wangena kanye ngafunda sifake noma indwangu obumbene. Yiqiniso, i-batik - kuyikhono, hhayi ngekucindzetelwa utilitarian ehlukahlukene indlela yokuphila, futhi kungaba mncane kakhulu futhi usentekenteke, odinga ikhono elikhulu sezingcweti ukusebenza kule ubuchwepheshe okuthakazelisayo.

izici Technical nge-batik,

Naphezu kokuthuthuka kwetheknoloji, izinto, ubuciko inhlukano-batik sisabenza futhi funa. Lisetshenziswa njengendlela zobuciko ezimele futhi njengendlela yokuthola umhlobiso yendwangu izinto - izingubo, scarves, amakhethini, izigcawu ezigcawugcawu. Igama elithi "i-batik" lisuselwa Indian lasendulo "iconsi wax." Futhi lokhu wax ekuqaleni esasisetshenziselwa njengesisekelo ngokwengxenye ukudaya izindwangu ukukhiqiza amaphethini nemihlobiso. Futhi lento futhi namanje isetshenziswa inqubo -batik ashisayo. Zona efanayo ubuchwepheshe staining izicubu in ubuciko batik has izindawo eziningana ukuthi wabelane isimiso - komsebenzi, okungukuthi, ukuvikelwa izigaba ngazinye imidwebo ukuze silondoloze umbala zabo phezu staining olwengeziwe. Lesi simiso kwenziwe ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi inqubo ye-batik.

Ngaphezu ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe, yathi i-batik inezici yayo kwezobuciko, ngoba uhlukile - inhlanganisela izinhlobo eziningi buciko. Lapha ungathola izakhi ihluzo, watercolors, amaphastelsi, ngisho ingilazi ibala kanye yamatshe. Ubuciko batik uhlukile kulula kakhulu ukuze balukhulume. Lolu hlobo lobuciko abanokwazisa, kusukela umsebenzi kule nqubo isenzakalo esiyingqayizivele, okuyinto lungaguqulwa, uma kunesidingo, ezengeziwe amasu ubuciko kuze efekethisiwe noma Appliqué.

Iningizimu Asia - lapho kudabuka khona-batik

Njengoba izazi-mlando zithi, wazalwa ubuciko ukudaya (batik) e-Indonesia. "Anbatik" ngolimi wendawo kusho "ukudweba". Kakade ngalezo zikhathi abesifazane baye bafuna ukuhlobisa izingubo. Yiqiniso, ukuphishekela imigomo yabo - ukugcizelela lenye bohlobo oluthile imibala ethile futhi amaphethini. Nakuba udayi zazimbalwa, kodwa ubuciko batik ikuvumela ukudala emibalabala ngesineke obukhulu.

приобрел оттенки охры и цвет индиго - песчаные полутона от густой тени до цвета слоновой кости разбавлялись ярко-синими пятнами высокого неба. E-Indonesia, yathi i-batik iye yazuza shades of ocher futhi indigo - halftones sandy ngu umthunzi yesigayegaye ukuba izinyo lendlovu buhlanjululwe bright blue sky izindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngamunye kuqashelwe ngokucophelela izimfihlo bohlobo ukulungiselela udayi izixazululo, izindlela zokusebenzisa inki kanye nephethini-batik. Ukuze ezinemibala izingubo bafaniswe wayengatshela ncamashi nalokho uhlobo lwe izinto zalo noma lowo muntu. Izinombolo ispolzvat ezahlukene - abstract, imiklamo ingcaca, izindaba lelandzisako. Kwakamuva ikakhulu wakhonza ukudala imidwebo for umhlobiso amasonto.

Indonesia neNdiya, lapho art nge-batik, uye wathuthela ngokushelela futhi iye yachazwa ngokuthi "bandhana" Sebenzisa indwangu kakotini. Vytkanye ngesandla izicubu vybelivalis ngokucophelela, omisiwe ukuthola kwabo wahamba njengoba ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi abushelelezi. amasiko Eyingqayizivele izizwe Indonesia kanye eNdiya yasendulo waqala ukotini Indwangu, ezidayiwe batik imiklamo. Umlando yaleli fomu art elisuka eseningizimu-mpumalanga uthi lasendulo.

Amasiko yaseChina Japan

Ezweni konke kuhlobene. Art izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi emazweni ahlukahlukene, kwesinye isizwe iya kwesinye, ukuze ifunde into entsha, eliyingqayizivele futhi okuxhunyanwa yokufuna okwengeziwe futhi eminye. . Lokhu kwenzeke ne inqubo-batik, umlando ukuthuthukiswa futhi esibonisa ukuthi siphasise eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngendlela emangalisayo. Kancane kancane wazithola ukudalwa funa, bese ubuciko esihle kunazo zonke-China ne Japan. China eziye zaziletha batik kasilika yemvelo. Kusuka kulelizinga izicubu staining aluthola ngisahlose Amazing imibala, noma kunalokho, nize ngisho amathoni futhi semitones, mancane kakhulu kwaba umsebenzi kungaphansi emakhosini aseMpumalanga. On ubuhle abesifazane kimono Japanese babe ziyaphawuleka, kodwa bambalwa kithi azi ukuthi angasilawula kanjani indwangu enhle ngaleyo ndlela.

I-Japanese alethwe ubuciko ukudaya izindwangu, usilika ngokukhethekile, isu elikhethekile okuthiwa i-batik reverse, lapho le ndwangu namabala bese vybelivalas endaweni oyifunayo ngokusebenzisa alikhali. Kodwa ngekhono batik ashisayo, walivikela izindawo kwezicubu phakathi kwenqubo ukudaya usebenzisa wax amakhosi avunyelwe Japan neChina ukwenza le nqubo ukuphakama ekupheleleni yobuciko of Umdwebo Indwangu. Motifs Oriental, elikhanyayo, imibala ayegcwele noma imibala ukukhanya poluottenki bayahlonishwa ubani wayebona kubo.

Industrial eYurophu nase-batik

Njengoba i-batik yase-East Asia wafika Europe? Ngosizo abahambi Dutch ukusungula ubudlelwano ukuhweba namazwe Southeast Asia. Lapho i-Dutch babe okokuqala e-Indonesia, babamba ongezansi ngenxa ubuhle kanye ohlukile yendwangu umhlobiso lamathempeli wendawo. iphethini engajwayelekile ku elula ukotini abahwebi nesithakazelo. Baletha-batik amasu e-Netherlands, lapho yonke iYurophu wafunda ukudaya ukotini kanye kasilika ku-su ezithakazelisayo futhi engavamile ezinjalo. Kodwa engaphansi kwekhulu, njengoba Okumangazayo, kodwa art isikhathi esiningi banikeza yasungulwa eNgilandi ramming amasu indlela. Imishini, umshini amathuluzi, wanyathela ngokushesha emidwebweni welulela ukudweba, Indwangu aphume ngempela eziwubukhazikhazi futhi ezishibhile ukuze mayelana batik zikhunjulwe kuphela Labo abasiqaphelayo nobunye bomuntu ngamunye ezinhlelo lolu hlobo lobuciko futhi ayikwazanga ukukhokha okuyinhloko. чуть было не закончилась, если бы не кустари-одиночки, сохранившие верность уникальному виду украшения полотен. Ngakho umlando batik wawusuzophela, uma hhayi sezingcweti oyedwa abahlala bethembekile nohlobo eziyingqayizivele umhlobiso imidwebo.

batik Russian

Umlando nge-batik, eRussia lezwakala ngendlela enzima kakhulu, ngenxa yesimo avaliwe e-USSR usuka iningi amazwe emhlabeni. Futhi kwakukhona kuyikhono eRussia kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho fashion wangena isitayela modernist - scarves enhle ngesineke, shawls e izisusa empumalanga, cut ezithakazelisayo izingubo besifazane izithombe kuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitayela uthethe impande kuphela emadolobheni amakhulu, isifundazwe lokhu eseyintsha kwaba cishe umuntu ongamazi. Abaculi lendwangu. wahlanganyela batik imidwebo isitayela, azange abe nethuba lokufunda leli khono, futhi ngokuvamile ngokuzibonela mathupha ukuthi awazange afake isandla ekuthuthukiseni ukuthandwa yathi i-batik ngendlela kuyenze ibe nhle ukuphila.

Into kuphela ukuthi le ndlela ekhiqizwa izigcawu waseshashalazini lamakhetheni, monumentality; sasigcwele izimpawu Soviet. Batik njengoba ifomu art isikhathi eside ayikwazanga bona uqobo eRussia ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Kodwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kwaba ngalolu hlobo Umdwebo izindwangu iphoyinti e imvuselelo. Ezweni ukuthi uyalulama ovela mpi esabekayo, workshop, lapho abaculi abamenyiwe batik nabafundi ayehlelwe ukwakhela abantu baseSoviet mihle, okufanele. Ekuqaleni zaveza batik scarves kanye shawls kwabesifazane, kanye ukudala panel zokuhlobisa ngoba umhlobiso yayiyindawo yokuzijabulisa yomphakathi kanye zemicimbi kwamasiko.

yaseshashalazini ubuciko

Umlando ukuvela batik (isifinyezo sezinto sihloko) lisikisela ukuthi le ndlela kwaba uhambo olunzima. Uma uyinciphise ukubukeka, ukuhamba emhlabeni futhi sithuthukise, khona-ke ngeke kushintshe okushiwo: i-batik - art multicomponent, encompasses bonke izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu esingayipha kuye izwe futhi sizwe, wathandana batik futhi waqala ukuyisebenzisa ukuhlobisa umhlaba . Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia batik wathola "imfundo" yakhe waseshashalazini - ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa wizadi ukudala nezigcawu esiteji okwasemuva ukuze imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene waseshashalazini, ballet ukusebenza. Izwe isungule lonke Umthala amakhosi batikistov owadala esiyingqayizivele imidwebo batik lwendaba egcwele, izakhi eziningi, futhi lokhu kuyinto ibuthaka, kusetshenzwa ngenkuthalo.

ithawula art

Ngisho noma umlando batik kufingqwe, asinakulishalazela ikhono lokwenza scarves kanye shawls kule nqubo. ERussia, ke wazalwa eminyakeni kwekhulu elidlule njengoba ingxenye umkhuba imfashini 20 - yesimanjemanje. Nep edingekayo kokugqama pretentiousness, futhi ake batik shawls kuhlobisa izithombe egqamile Motifs Japanese, elalilisha ngalesosikhathi iphuzu esiphezulu afanayo imfashini. Nge kwesikhathi ngenxa yezimo batik eside ilahlekelwe yonke injongo mass futhi ithawula art cishe wanyamalala. Kodwa maphakathi nekhulu lesibili leminyaka, futhi savuka khona lolu hlobo lobuciko, futhi scarves kanye shawls yaphinde yaba emidwebweni ngoba nokucwaninga kwezobuciko futhi izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu Indalo okuyinhloko-batik.

Irina Trofimova nezinye

Umsuka batik, ukuthuthukiswa kwalo eSoviet Union kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa igama Irina Trofimova. Ubuciko Umdwebo Indwangu eSoviet Union iye yasungula cishe kusuka ekuqaleni, ngoba wizadi ayikwazanga siye kwamanye amazwe ukuze simazi amasu esikhundleni imvelaphi yabo kanye nentuthuko. Kuphela engxenyeni kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili, u-Irina Trofimova bakwazi ukufunda lezi zici ngokuvakashela workshop phesheya, bese wabelana ngolwazi nabanye batikistami Russia. Irina Trofimova ubhekwa the sikakhokho batik classical ezweni lethu, inqubo yayo nenqwaba batik avunyelwe ukuba avele izinkomba ezahlukene, ngalinye elikwazi athuthukiswe ngempumelelo futhi manje. Master batikisty Russia ukujabulele igunya okufanele kanye nenhlonipho nozakwabo ngemisebenzi ye-batik. Bright, izithombe zokuqala adalwe ezihlukahlukene ezikoleni batik, captivate, eshaya ikhono labaculi.

batik

Umlando okuvela inqubo batik yasungulwa sisonke phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, kodwa umsebenzi uqobo siqukethe ezindaweni eziningana:

• batik ashisayo;
• batik;
• Umdwebo khulula.

Abahlukile futhi istory batik abandayo. Kwaba naye baqala ukuthuthukiswa yaleli su lendwangu imidwebo. Ngo Indwangu Indonesian lasendulo ngesineke lokuqala ezindaweni eceleni komunye nomunye, ukugcwalisa izikhala nge ngemibala ehlukene kanye shades. Basuke elixutshwe ukwakha uhlelo lwemibala entsha. Kwakuyisikhathi art nzima kakhulu, kanye ngendwangu eswakeme zidla upende, ezidinga master ngokucophelela. Yingaleso sikhathi, ukuze avimbele ezingadingekile futhi ngimpofu kuhlangana ngopende on indwangu, futhi livele batik- ashisayo "anbatik" - iconsi wax. Kodwa "abandayo" inqubo baqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa yayo. anamathelayo Special, okuthiwa reserve okuyinto evimbela Ukungena we colorant e indwangu fibre zenzelwe. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu ingcina waqothula zisuswe kalula ukuba anike izabelo unpainted kwewebhu.

batik esishisayo

Art Umdwebo Indwangu lokushisa etholwe isici akuyona ngephutha. Hot wax - ngesisekelo le ndlela. Umlando nge-batik, e bezizwe eziningi, kuhlanganise usilika Japanese mdwebo "roketi", le ntuthuko kuyinto ubuciko batik ashisayo. Wax esishisayo lisetshenziswa lendwangu ngokugcwalisa wonke noma izingxenye kuphela ezichaza wabuka, ke wax wayokhuhla off futhi futhi isetshenziswa ukuvikela ezinye ingxenye omunye umbala. Kuyinto inqubo ezicashile enikeza imiphumela ezinkulu. Lokhu kuboniswa ezimibalabala kimono abesifazane Japanese, abaningi babo namanje ngesineke i-batik.

Ayikho imikhawulo!

Nokho, umlando ubuchwepheshe batik - akugcini nje lokunameka izingoma emngceleni ukulungiselela wesabelo anemibala kwewebhu. I batik isu elikhethekile okuthiwa Umdwebo khulula. Usebenzisa amasu amaningana:

• emifanekiso amasu inked esebenzisa emabhulashini noma nebulizer, esakaza nokwakha umbala ukuhwebelana ku indwangu emanzi;
• isihenqo inqubo esebenzisa iphethini isetshenziswa indwangu ngokusebenzisa stencil usebenzisa isiponji Foam ngopende;
• khulula elakhiwe usebenzisa izakhi isithombe etholwe ngokuba igcinelwe izicubu izigaba usebenzisa ISIZINDA nokuminyaniseka wentambo brine.

Mahhala Umdwebo - iyingxenye ebalulekile ubuciko yesimanje-batik. It is kabanzi nge izingcweti amateur uzama ekhaya ngaphandle amathuluzi akhethekile izinto ukupenda lendwangu. Le nqubo ilula, kodwa ikuvumela ukuhlobisa izingubo bakudala - jeans, izikibha.

Amathuluzi uthathelwe Indwangu

Umlando omude batik - umlando ukuthuthukiswa ngezinto zokwakha kanye namathuluzi asetshenziswa Indwangu imidwebo. Master batikisty babe sonke arsenal of amathuluzi. Loku kuhlukile ububanzi rigidity emabhulashini esikhethekile upende ingcina noma emakhilayoni, mncane ingilazi amashubhu ngoba igcinelwe enamathela Ukwakheka, emjovweni izipanji, isikhunta, ozimele izicubu imimese, izinto zokwenza amakhophi, funnels, plastic noma ngezinduku. Amathuluzi uma oyifunayo angathengwa at okukhethekile ezitolo izimpahla ngoba ngenalithi.

Ezokuphepha kubalulekile

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi batik - ubuciko Umdwebo Indwangu, isidingo ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha. Lokhu kungenxa amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha asetshenziswa ubuciko. Hot batik nqubo ihilela ukusetshenziswa i ilangabi evulekile noma heater kagesi ukuze Ncibilikisa wax. Paints azisetshenziswa njalo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi abathandi umsebenzi Artisanal. Ukusetshenziswa udayi zamakhemikhali kumakhemikhali awuketshezi kungadala isikhumba ukucasuka noma komzimba kanye lwamafinyila. Batik aludingi suit zokuzivikela, kodwa namanje ihambisane izindlela zokuphepha kufanele kulandelwe ngokucophelela. kudingeka ngokucophelela ukusebenza nawo wonke amathuluzi, ekuqaleni ngemimese isikelo yokuqedela of ingilazi amashubhu isicelo ukuhlinzekwa.

Batik art uye akuphelelanga sokuthuthuka, izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe njalo ephelezelwa ukuthuthukiswa zonke izinhlobo lokusungula, ne-batik kanye. Amazing umbono yobuciko kwenza ukuphila okuningi ezimibalabala kakhudlwana futhi licace ngekusebentisa emasu ubudala futhi amakhosi yesimanje.