Umqondo "ubuciko". Izinhlobo futhi izinhlobo yobuciko. ubuciko imisebenzi

Umqondo "ubuciko" is kuwo wonke umuntu ezaziwayo. Usizungeze kukho konke ukuphila. Art ineqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesintu. Kwakubonakala eside ngaphambi kokudalwa lokubhala. Kusukela kulesi sihloko ungafunda ngendima kanye nemisebenzi.

Uyini art? ulwazi olujwayelekile

Umqondo "ubuciko" kuyinto ngempela enezici. Ngokuvamile, kusho egatsheni yizenzo zabantu, okungase anelise isidingo esingokomoya, kodwa uthando enhle. Art - kuwuhlobo ekhethekile ukwazi komphakathi. Lokho-ke kuyinto reflection kwezobuciko yokuphila komuntu. Siyabonga kuye, ungabona kanjani abantu esasiphila ngaleso sikhathi esithile isikhathi.

Umbhali sokuqala ngqa eyembula welithi "ubuciko", kwaba Charles Bato. Wayesifaka indatshana lonke lapho libhekwa lokhu legatsha yizenzo zabantu. Incwadi yakhe, "Fine Arts, ukunciphisa komunye isimiso" esanyatheliswa 1746. Charles Bato ukholelwa ukuthi ingachazwa by criteria eziningana. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi art kuyajabulisa, futhi has a ngokomoya kunokuba uhlamvu yezinto.

Umqondo "ubuciko" kuhlanganisa ezobuciko, umculo, izinkondlo, izakhiwo, nezinye izinto eziningi ngawo sibhekana nsukuzonke. Noma yiluphi uhlobo umsebenzi bokubeka libhekene izimfanelo ezithile ezinhle.. sphere ngamunye yobuciko has a indlela ekhethekile zokukhiqiza kabusha kanye ngokoqobo kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko. Zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yobuciko zihlukaniswe izizukulwane kanye izinhlobo.
Ngokuvamile art is zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• tonic (umculo, izinkondlo);
• ezimise (izakhiwo, Umdwebo ebaziwe);
• okuxubile (nobuciko bokusina, oyibamba, elocution, nabanye).

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene yobuciko:

• kwendawo, okuyinto kwembulwe ukwakhiwa isithombe ebonakalayo (ebaziwe, ubungcweti);
• yesikhashana, lapho ukubaluleka kuyinto developable ngesikhathi sangempela Ukwakheka (izinkondlo, umculo);
• isikhala-time - art umbukwane (isekisi, cinema, nobuciko bokusina).

ihluzo

art ingcaca - ke uhlobo esifaka umdwebo futhi uprinte ihluzo izithombe (umbhalo, minotopiya kokubili). izindlela esho - wesifunda ibha, kanye Blur ngemuva. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lena ethandwa kakhulu eyaziwa lokudweba. Ngo okuqukethwe kwalo futhi uhlobo igrafu has a lot ukwenzani mdwebo.

Umbhalo - lolu hlobo ihluzo, lapho iphethini libhalwe okuvelayo. Sebenzisa ngayo womqophi ekhethekile. I umbhalo kungenziwa ukuboniswa metal, izinkuni kanye linoleum.

Olunye uhlobo ethandwa ihluzo - lithography. Lokhu indlela ethile sokuphrinta planographic lapho ipuleti ukuphrinta kuyinto ebusweni itshe. Leli fomu art kwase kukhona 1798. Isithombe itshe sisetshenziswa ngepeniseli ekhethekile noma Mascara.

nobuciko bokunyathelisa - yasendulo kunazo zonke. Izithombe kuqala khona kusukela eminyakeni Neolithic kanye Bronze. Okhokho bethu bhala out uthathelwe emhumeni izindonga namadwala. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umfanekiso isetshenziswa izikhali izinto zangamalanga. Kwake kwaba khona zombhalo, ihluzo asetshenziswe design izinhlamvu, izincwadi, futhi izincwadi.

Izindlela yokukopisha izithombe eminyakeni ayaziwa. Yingakho zonke izithombe ezidalwe ikhophi eyodwa. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi namuhla efana imiklamo ingcaca ziphoqa phakathi abaqoqi.

Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, izazi nabanye abantu baye baqala ukuthuthukisa inqubo ye ihluzo omnyama nomhlophe. ezingaphezu kuka-20 zabo textures ingcaca zadalwa. ukuqeqeshwa Iincwajana yashicilelwa. Namuhla isheduli ungumholi kwezobuciko.

bento

Bento - ke kuyikhono engavamile izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi abazali abaningi abazi ukuthi ukuba bafundise izingane zabo ukuba ukudla okunempilo. Namuhla, izitolo kukhona anhlobonhlobo ukudla eziyingozi kanye nayingozi. Ukuze uthole usizo kungafika uhlobo olusha yobuciko - bento. Yavela China. Ethemini le amaShayina ushayele ukudla kangangokuba baze Agcwele emabhokisini ezikhethekile uthathe esikoleni noma emsebenzini. Bento - omuhle wobuciko nawe ungadla. Omama bamakhaya kanye labapheki abanamakhono ukudala ukudla of imifanekiso emincane kanye izithombe. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi ukudla - kungcono ukulinganisela khona amanani amakhulu amavithamini. AmaShayina ngikudalile umsebenzi ezidliwayo yobuciko ngayo ekudleni okunomsoco kuphela.

Bento - kuba art izingane kanye nabantu abadala, okuyothi ngalo ingane bayokujabulela ukuba badle ukudla okunempilo. Thina akusilo ethandwa kangaka, kodwa esikwaziyo kakade abaculi ambalwa ngubani kahle le ndlela.

Ithonya art engqondweni ukuphila komntwana. Kanjani ukuchazela ingane imisebenzi wesimanje yobuciko umsebenzi?

Art udlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni komntwana nokuthuthukiswa zobuntu bakhe. Namuhla, wonke umuntu ongashadile kufanele okungenani babe nolwazi oluyisisekelo emkhakheni othize umsebenzi. Umphakathi uthatha ithuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ngenxa yalokho umuntu ngamunye kumele abe yehlukene kaningi okubalwa. Abaningi kubazali lanamuhla uzame ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ingane ekugxiliseni uthando art. Kuze kube yimanje, bakhula inani elikhulu amasu ukuqeqeshwa engasetshenziswa kusuka ezinyangeni zokuqala kakhulu ekuphileni.

Umqondo we ubuciko ingane ithola esikoleni. Ngokuvamile abazali, bothisha nani sinake kakhulu ukufunda, ukubhala, izibalo kanye nezinye izihloko ngaphansi umthwalo Nenkabazwe kwesokunxele ubuchopho. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa umthetho uzodinga bahlanganyele umculo, umdanso kanye nobunye ubuciko. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa zombili ama- zobuchopho, ukuze uqhubeke ukuba umuntu bakheké ngokuphelele.

Ngenxa ukujwayelaniswa yobuciko in ingane:

• elakhiwe ungubani;
• kwandisa izinga ezinamathuba bokusungula;
• kwakhiwa iziqondiso zokuziphatha;
• ukuthuthukisa ikhono ukucabanga;
• Kukhona ukuqiniseka futhi kwandisa ukuzethemba;
• Kutfutfukisa inkumbulo nokunaka;
• ekwandiseni khathizwe.

Ukuze tshela ingane ubuciko, kubalulekile kuqala kunazo zonke ukuhlela indawo lapho ukugcina zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze timboni. Uzodinga ukuba ekhaya izincwadi ezimbalwa mayelana art. Kusukela zisencane, umntwana ngamunye kudingeka uwafunde. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa zonke izifundo. Ukuze isingeniso art edingekayo okungenani kanye ngenyanga ukuvakashela nengane iminyuziyamu, zemibukiso, amathiyetha nemibukiso. Akunakusetshenziswa kufanele ilahlwe imidwebo, appliques kanye nemisebenzi yezandla adalwe izingane. Siyabonga kubo, ungabona ukukhula yokudala wengane. Kubalulekile futhi ngokushesha njengoba ungabhala it in thematic umbuthano amaseshini eziyokhanga kuye.

Eminye imisebenzi yakwa-wesimanje art edidayo by hhayi kuphela izingane kodwa futhi abadala. Ngokuvamile, umuntu noma enye ingane ungayiqondi izakhiwo, okuyinto kwadalwa le modernists. Kubalulekile ukuchaza umfundi ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi yobuciko - Usuqhubekile ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni abantu.

Imibuzo eminingi ezinganeni kubangele imidwebo abstract. Kukhona inani elikhulu yezinhlobo ekhethekile, lapho abazali ongabonisa ingane yakho kunzima kangakanani ukudala msebenzi yobuciko. Omunye wabo - "Yiba Kandinsky Wakho".

Ngokuvamile, izingane unesithakazelo, kungenzeka ukuqhathanisa yesimanje kanye art lasekuqaleni. Lokhu nokunye okuningi ungathola ku-athikili yethu.

Ubuciko bamehlo. Umlando yentuthuko salo eRussia

Inani elikhulu izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko. Ngamunye wabo has izici zayo siqu kanye nezinzuzo. Uyini art, uyazi cishe wonke umuntu. Naye ukwethula izingane zisencane.

Ubuciko bamehlo - uhlobo umsebenzi bokubeka, sibonga lapho inkosi kungenzeka, esebenzisa ekhethekile Ungakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha izwe. Umlando walo eRussia ihlukaniswe izinkathi ezimbili, okuyinto kwasho emngceleni yezinguquko kaPetru. Ngo Rus lasendulo 'Umdwebo kwakuhlobene eduze nokudunyiswa kwezithombe. Icons abe eyinqaba isitayela kwezobuciko. Inhloso yalezi imisebenzi yobuciko - ukukhombisa imihlangano ngomthandazo nokuzola e ukuhlanganyela noNkulunkulu. Yilokhu uchaza khona imifanekiso ebukhoneni ezinye izindlela kwezobuciko. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izingcweti kahle isitayela WaseByzantium, ivula isikole isithonjana imidwebo. Umsebenzi edume kakhulu kubhekwa a "Ziqu-zintathu" Andrei Rublev. Icons 15-16 eminyaka ngokuvumelana ezahlukene imibala.

Ekhulwini le-17 babe imifanekiso ethandwa "izinhlamvu fryazhskie." Basuke izimpawu izakhi yokudweba Western, okungukuthi, upende uwoyela-based, wafana asikiwe yokumodela, tochnymizobrazheniem abantu nemvelo. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo isithonjana njengoba wobuciko kuphakama kuphela ekhulwini le-19.

Old ebaziwe Russian yayikhona uhlobo itshe eqoshwe nezinkuni. Ngokuvamile master ayeveza nezithombe zosanta. Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa ubuso. Emakhulwini eminyaka th 18-19 ziphoqa babe Okugweda futhi abadwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, base zithandwa amakhosi yasekhaya.

Ngekhulu le-18, ethandwa kakhulu yilona imidwebo zezemfundo. It libhekene okukhulu iphethini, futhi usebenzisa wesakhiwo umbala wesigodi iBhayibheli futhi izinganekwane. Ngakho, kancane kancane esewusana art kazwelonke.

Eminyakeni 1860-1880 wavula igalari lokuqala, futhi amakhosi yasekhaya zaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kancane kancane kukhona izinkomba entsha. Ngamunye wabo wathatha indawo ebalulekile ekwakheni emagugu emasiko. Emakhulwini eminyaka th 18-19, isintu siye hhayi kuphela ukuthi yini ezobuciko, kodwa futhi ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuyisebenzisa.

Tihloko zobuciko

Ngokumangalisayo, zonke izihloko kanye nezindaba ezembula okuyinhloko imisebenzi yabo yobuciko, ehambisana amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Roma bakudala babesho ukuthi ubuciko, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ukuphila komuntu, kuze kube phakade. Akukhona ngengozi. Izihloko ukumboza art nomphakathi izinkinga, okuyizinto evamile namuhla. Yingakho benza ongowenani elikhulu esintwini. Masters ngokuvamile zembula emisebenzini yakhe isihloko uthando, imvelo nobungane.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekushintsheni izinkomba nezobuciko amakhosi amasha, kodwa izindikimba nezinhlamvu zihlala zinjalo. Yingakho noma yimuphi umsebenzi uhlala efanele eminyakeni.

Ubuciko indima yayo

Iqhaza yobuciko emphakathini kubaluleke kakhulu. Kusekelwe kuveza kwezobuciko futhi eziqanjiwe engokoqobo. Art yakha uhlobo abantu abangokomoya, imizwa yabo, imicabango kwezimiso nesimo sengqondo. Abantu bacabanga kanjani ukudalwa kabusha engokoqobo kudala ubuntu bethu. Art kusiza ukuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono. Futhi, ukuzwa ngezwe futhi yena.

Art - yefa lesizwe. Ngenxa imisebenzi yobuciko Ungathola kanjani abantu babephila ngesikhathi esisodwa noma esinye. Muva nje, ezidumile ikakhulukazi kukhona amasu art ezahlukene. Ngenxa yobuciko eyodwa ungafunda ukulawula ngokwabo. Ukudala into yobuciko, ungakwazi bayakhohlwa izinkinga futhi ukuqeda ukucindezeleka.

Art nezinhloso zalo

Maxim Gorky wacabanga ukuthi art Kunezinselele kokuhlaziywa zokuziphatha futhi yobuhle zonke izenzakalo eziphawulekayo. Umlobi wathi ukuthi ngaYe lo ongayifunda ukuqonda ngokwabo, ukubhekana banality, ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda abantu ukuthola kuzo okuthile okuhle. Namuhla, zikhona izici ezintathu ezaziwayo umsebenzi wobuciko. Izinhloso zobuciko ocwaningweni, journalism kanye nemfundo. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umsebenzi umsebenzi bokubeka - ukuletha ubuhle imiphefumulo futhi izinhliziyo zabantu. Nikolay vasilevich Gogol umangalele ukuthi umsebenzi yobuciko yiyona ekhombisa ngokoqobo.

art Modern futhi bakudala

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba uqhathanise yesimanje kanye art lasekuqaleni. Uma uthi nhlá, akunakwenzeka. Nokho, akuyona. Uma ubona art njengoba kuyindlela yokubonisa ubuntu, kanye yesimanje futhi bakudala indiza efanayo. Ukuqhathanisa ngazo, singaqala ukuqonda indlela ngenhloso yokushintsha umqondo ogcwele lomuntu.

ukucabanga bomuntu abstract ngaphezulu. Lokhu kukhomba i ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo intelligence. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu washintsha izinto eziza kuqala futhi namuhla obona ukuphila hhayi njengoba bakudala amadlozi. Ngaphambili, abaculi abanesifiso ukubukeka kwaleso sifundvo lubuye injalo, futhi manje indima enkulu imisebenzi hlala imizwa. Lo mehluko wenza ukhona kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

efingqa

Kubalulekile kusukela zisencane ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela kwesokunxele kodwa futhi Nenkabazwe kwesokudla ubuchopho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwezobuciko. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuba banake ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa yokudala wengane. Kunconywa ukuba benze kanjalo iminyaka yokuqala kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe. Kude hhayi wonke umuntu uyaqonda indima, imisebenzi kanye namafomu yobuciko. Chaza kafushane ukwaziswa okukulesi sihloko sinikeza nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi emasimini ahlukahlukene kwezobuciko.