Umsebenzi wokuqagela. umsebenzi zokwazisa kanye wokuqagela

Isayensi ezisekelwe umgomo-kulungiselelwa, ukuhlela kanye ngcono okwalandela izakhiwo zemfundo, ukuphathwa ngempumelelo inqubomgomo imfundo ekhona - nezimiso eziyisisekelo imisebenzi lehlukene ekucabanga kwengcondvo netintfo wokuqagela.

Igama elithi "umsebenzi", ivela olimini Latin inezincazelo eziningi: "Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa", "ephelele". Isayensi amakhulu kwezenhlalo elalinikezelwe ekuxazululeni izinkinga global impucuko womuntu. Empilweni yesimanje, indima yesayensi Kancani kancani okwandisa, ukudala esishintsha isimo isiko ukwazi komphakathi. imisebenzi Scientific, ubuciko kanye ukwazi kwansuku - is isici eboshiwe izinhlobo zemisebenzi yobuchopho. I umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa kukhona imisebenzi eyisisekelo, ngasinye sazo esihlobene nezinye: epistemological, kwenta na phambili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokuphuma phambili okumisiwe nemvelo ukubonakaliswa yabo incike izifiso, izimpokophelo izimo lapho basuke wafunda.

imisebenzi Scientific

Inkinga umsebenzi epistemological kuyehla kube ukuveza okuqukethwe imithetho, izigaba, abalulekile causality izinqubo. It study ubunjalo ekubonakalisweni ngalezi zinqubo, khona ukuphikisana yangaphakathi, kanye nezindlela sizozinqoba ukuqinisekisa intuthuko enenqubekela phambili umphakathi.

umsebenzi Epistemological kuyisisekelo isiphi isiyalo ngokwesayensi. ulwazi Direct sokuhlolisisa amaqiniso, observation and Ukutadisha izici zokuziphatha yezihloko ejwayelekile lezi zenzakalo, ngokusekelwe imithetho nezigaba wafunda.

Isici esiwusizo ufaneleke isicelo imithetho edingekayo ukuze uxazulule izinkinga futhi ukufeza imigomo ukuthi aphendule isithakazelo ngokuhlanganyela. Ngokwesibonelo, umnotho umsebenzi esiwusizo isekelwe cwaningo amafomu okunengqondo ukuphathwa kwezomnotho, kanye nesicelo wezinyathelo lula isinqumo kwezinkinga zezomnotho nge ekufinyeleleni imiphumela ngempumelelo izinhlangano ukukhiqiza kanye nokukhula ngokushesha inhlalakahle sabantu sika.

nefilosofi

Izinqubo kanye izenzakalo, ndaba futhi ukwazi, abantu umphakathi - umsebenzi wokuqagela esimeningcondvo isiyalo zefilosofi kusekelwe ukudalwa izibikezelo emafomini futhi izinkomba yentuthuko insiza esikhathini esizayo. isisekelo theory ngokuba liyisihlalo uhlelo akhona ulwazi ngokoqobo.

Idatha aphethwe isayensi, kubalulekile ekutholeni ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesintu. Umsebenzi wokuqagela wefilosofi ukutadisha mkhuba usikompilo nenhlalo yesayensi, ulwazi nokuxhumana phakathi imvelo kanye nomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo lomkhuba ka humanization endaweni intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe: imisebenzi unjiniyela yesimanje dehumanizes esintwini, okwaletha hhayi kuphela izinzuzo kanye nenqubekela phambili, kodwa futhi ukubhujiswa ngemvelo, imishini emphakathini, ukuphendukezela zomoya. Umsebenzi izibikezelo imfundiso zefilosofi kusekelwe cognition enengqondo futhi ezincwadini zezwe, ukutadisha imithetho yayo nokungapheleli esakuzuza regularities, bezama ukuchaza futhi ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa yabo.

pedagogy

Lapho efundisa, umsebenzi prognostic has uhlamvu elandelayo: esekelwe ukuqagela izindlela ukuthuthukisa ezingokoqobo zokufundisa. ukuqeqeshwa Software, ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi computer nezokuxhumana laba isisekelo sokuthuthukisa leli legatsha isayensi, njengoba futurology Pedagogical. I-predictive umsebenzi pedagogy ukubeka phambili mbono eziningi mayelana okuqhubekayo imfundo ukunyakaza. Ngokwesibonelo, izingane zesizukulwane esizayo bazoqeqeshwa noma ekhaya noma izikhungo ezikhethekile.

Ngesisekelo semisebenzi efundisayo kuyoba ezokuxhumana izindawo. Imiphumela yocwaningo zemfundo waphetha imibono, izinhlelo zokufundisa kanye nobuchwepheshe. Izibikezelo izibalo sphere zemfundo ethulwa ngesimo imibiko, izihloko, izincwadi, iziqondiso nokwenza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha.

umnotho

Okwazekayo kwezomnotho, umsebenzi ukubikezela umsebenzi kuyehla kube ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili izinqubo zezomnotho. Labo ekhuthaza izinguquko emihle nemibi e yizinkomba zezomnotho. zinhlekelele Economic, ukuwa kwamandla emali, abangasebenzi, iholo elincane - nokuvimbela izinhlekelele emakethe nezomnotho umsebenzi izibikezelo nolwazi kwezomnotho yehlisele phezu kwamahlombe akhe.

State kanye nomthetho

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela isimo kanye nomthetho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle imisebenzi wokuqagela. Ukwenza izibikezelo nokuqagela, imicabango, izindlela cwaningo ukuthuthukisa imihlola isimo-zomthetho kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuvela amandla. Umsebenzi izibikezelo ilungelo futhi isimo has isakhiwo ayo. Kuyinto inqubo ukwakhiwa nekulawulwa isimo nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ngokomongo yomthetho, kanye ekutadisheni imihlola sici for kuye, bezama ukwenza ngcono isimo isimo kwezenhlalo, ezombusazwe kanye kazwelonke, ukuqedwa kuwukuziphikisa imikhakha yokubusa.

Isakhiwo ubulungiswa

Leli phuzu hhayi ngaphansi kubalulekile ekuqondeni daba. I-Predictive ukumodeliswa umsebenzi njengoba indlela efiselekayo emphakathini ukuziphatha imithetho elawula nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, ungumthombo ngemibono komthetho. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphambana nomuzwa wobulungisa.

Isiqalo nesigcino ubudlelwano mutual imisebenzi izingxenye ezidingekayo kutfutfuka ngalokuphelele kanye nokusebenza ubulungiswa, ngokuthi isakhiwo wobulungisa. It inezigaba ezimbili: lwesayensi (imibono yabantu) kanye abavamile (Psychology) wobulungisa.

Ngaphansi kohlelo inkolelo ethulwa ngesimo kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela, kodwa njengoba kubonakala lomthetho imihlola umphakathi isho amafilosofi zomthetho noma sesayensi wobulungisa. Lo msuka ufeza indima ebalulekile emsebenzini zikahulumeni ehilelekile ukusetshenziswa kwemtsetfo kanye komthetho imibono.

Psychology Legal uyafundelwa zokuphila nezengqondo ezivamile emaqenjini omphakathi noma kwelinye ngabanye ngakwesokudla futhi umthetho, okuyinto ukusebenza emphakathini. Ngamanye amazwi, lesi sici sobulungisa izakhiwo njengoba Psychology zomthetho, sihlaziya isimo sengqondo sabantu ukuba imithetho ekhona, kanye ukwamukelwa kanye nokulandelwa kwale imithetho emisha, ukuhlanganiswa wezomthetho kwezinkambiso ezithile emphakathini.