Umsuka igesi yemvelo, izinqolobane zayo bese ukukhiqiza. Igesi yemvelo Amasimu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe

Okuzuzisa kakhulu, imvelo kanye nophethiloli kubalulekile namuhla - kuyinto igesi yemvelo. Kuyini lokhu Izinto? Uvela kuvela umsuka Igesi yemvelo futhi yiziphi izici zayo? Kubalulekile ukwazi, kanye nesidingo, isikhathi esingakanani kwanele lokhu impahla eluhlaza - udaba global kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Mayelana lezi zinkinga futhi ngani kulesi sihloko.

Igesi yemvelo: incazelo jikelele ukwakheka

Ngokusho kwakwakhe wesiko kwamakhemikhali selisho methane kokuba CH ifomula _4. Nokho, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Phela, igesi yemvelo - imikhiqizo yezimbiwa umhlaba wethu. Futhi ngeke kube okumsulwa ngokuphelele. Le nhlanganisela ezomile a sebuningini imikhiqizo gaseous. Phakathi kwabo singakwazi ngokucacile ukuhlonza organic ingxenye wezinto ezingaphili.

Phakathi yangaphambili ziphansi yamangqamuzana isisindo amagesi ezifana:

• methane;
• i-butane;
• propane.

Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama izinhlobonhlobo zokudla:

• hydrogen sulfide ukungcola;
• hydrogen;
• helium;
• nitrogen;
• carbon dioxide.

Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo imfuyo ayikwazi kunqunywa evelele eyodwa kuphela indlela yokwakheka alkane. Basuke kakhulu ukuthonywa futhi akhiphe amanyela. Nokho, umsuka igesi yemvelo kubantu abasebenza naye baziwa kahle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ukuthi uhlanzekile isikhathi eside kakade athuthukile bafakwa ukusetshenziswa ububanzi.

izakhiwo

Ukuchaza izindawo enkompolo, akadingi eziningi amaphuzu.

1. I kwabantu iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo wokuhlanganisa, njengoba ingcindezi umkhiqizo inyuka ukwazi kuncibilike.
2. Ngezinye 6500 ⁰ C uyakwazi omlilo nokuguqulwa, ngakho ayinto alufakwa.
3. Ngo ingxube nge air ngezabelo ezithile futhi bunohlamvu alufakwa.
4. Ngakho Cishe ingxenye isisindo emoyeni uyakwazi ukuba babalekele emkhathini.

Kukhona isici esikhethekile, lapho gas field yemvelo ngobubanzi okuningi kuka kungaba. Uyakwazi ukuba isimo esiqinile umzimba njengengxenye ungqimba lomhlaba. Yekuchumana ngeke sixoxe ngalokhu kamuva.

Izindlela tekwakha noma imvelaphi Igesi yemvelo

Ungakwazi ukuqoka ongakhetha eziyisisekelo ezimbalwa, lapho kumiswa futhi Ukubuthelela ketshezi mbuzo.

1. Nenqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwabo. Lokhu kufakazelwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela biogenic. Le ndlela kuyinto ezinkulungwaneni futhi izigidi zeminyaka, kodwa ngenxa yalokho uye waholela ekuqongeleleni eliningi igesi yemvelo emhlabeni.
2. Kumiswa hydrate izakhiwo, okungcono bagxila phansi. Le nqubo Lwenziwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa Ukukhetha nemingcele ethile thermodynamic. Nokho, ngekhulu le-XX liye kungase kutholakale ukuthi onjalo igesi akhona futhi isibalo kulo bayizinkulungwane Yisimanga ngobuningi bayo. Ngisho eyiqhwa igcina ku ekujuleni yayo igesi yemvelo esimweni okuqinile.
3. Umsuka wegama igesi yemvelo kusuka isikhala ngenxa eziningi ukusabela ethize. Manje is wafakazela ukuthi cishe yonke iplanethi ezungeza yethu yakhiwa le gesi.

Nomaphi lapho eya kungenzeka kwakhiwa, kodwa kukhona into eyodwa ingashintshiwe: izinqolobane zayo zinkulu, kodwa exhaustible.

ezifakwa zomhlaba ezinkulu

Umhlaba izinqolobane Igesi yemvelo balinganiselwa ku 200,363 TCM ^3. Lona datha isikhathi kuze kufinyelele 2013. Yiqiniso, i-sibalo besesitelekeni ubuhle baso. Kodwa ungakhohlwa mayelana nezindleko zakhe, nakho nemalochislenny. ukukhiqizwa yonyaka we mayelana 3,646 isigidintathu m ³ yale ncwajana esiyingqayizivele zemvelo emhlabeni.

Okukhulu igesi yemvelo Amasimu emhlabeni zitholakala kumazwe alandelayo:

• Russia;
• Iran;
• Qatar;
• Turkmenistan;
• US;
• Saudi Arabia;
• United Arab Emirates;
• Venezuela nabanye.

Kukhona ibhalwe kuphela zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke lapho kungenzeka kukhishwe namaminerali. Ngokuvamile, izindawo lapho lo mkhiqizo iyatholakala kumazwe 101.

Uma ukuzishayela wena emkhakheni imali, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Hassi R'Mel gas field (Algeria);
• Shah Deniz (Azerbaijan);
• Groningen (The Netherlands);
• Dhirubhay (India);
• North / South Izig (Iran Qatar, ngokulandelana);
• Urengoy (Russia);
• Galkynysh (Turkmenistan).

Akuyona nje enkulu, futhi giant futhi supergiant izindawo lapho bagxila kakhulu zonke igesi yemvelo eliwumhlaba.

Igesi yemvelo Amasimu e-Russia

Uma sikhuluma ezweni lethu, sihlangana angabizwa ngokuthi mayelana 14 imithombo kwale nto esiyingqayizivele. Elikhulu kunawo wonke yilawa:

• Urengoy;
• Leningrad;
• Yamburg;
• wezilwane;
• Bovanenkovo;
• Zapolyarnoe.

Eight ngaphezulu abanalo izinqolobane omkhulu kangaka, kodwa futhi ibaluleke kakhulu inhlalakahle wezwe lakithi. Ngokuvamile, igesi yemvelo okusendimeni ERussia kukhona eziningi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. imithombo Ngakho abaningi, kokubili esigodini sakithi, akutholakali ikuphi.

igesi reserves nezibikezelo emhlabeni

Kulokhu okungenhla sihloko izinombolo ekukhiqizeni igesi kanye ukusetshenziswa, kanye namanani reserves yayo, kusobala ukuthi ngokuqondene nesikhathi okucatshangelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa yonke imithombo ngeke bube iminyaka engaba ngu-55 ubudala! Kuyinto encane kakhulu, ngakho manje ukusebenza uyaqhubeka kule ndawo.

Ongoti efanayo ukubikezela ngokuphathelene namafutha. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo ukuthi ngobuningi izinto zokusetshenziswa uhlala efihliwe kusuka ukukhiqizwa wobuntu eyiqhwa futhi phansi izilwandle ngesimo igesi hydrate amadamu. Uma abacwaningi ukuxazulula inkinga kabusha nokuthuthukisa amasu ukukhiqizwa ke igesi namafutha izinkinga ziyoxazululwa iminyaka eminingi ezayo ngenxa yalokhu.

Kodwa kuze kube manje ihlala yodwa iphupho wayesenalo ithemba nokholo ezingqondweni egqamile futhi umbono we emadodeni afundile ase-izwe lethu.

izindlela izimayini

ukukhiqizwa Igesi yemvelo yenziwa ngokuvumelana namakhono athile nezindlela. Into wukuthi ukujula yayo ongafinyelela amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, zidinga eziklanyelwe futhi uhlelo olusha, imishini yesimanje futhi enamandla.

Izindlela ukukhiqizwa kusekelwe ukudala umehluko ingcindezi phakathi kwesigubhu igesi futhi emoyeni yangaphandle ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ngenxa yalokho kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo akhishwa kahle in situ, futhi kwesigubhu elicwile amanzi.

Imithombo yamba endleleni ethile, efana esitebhisini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi:

• Lokhu kusindisa isikhala futhi elondoloza ubuqotho izinto ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa, kusukela okuphothula igesi (sulfide-hydrogen, isibonelo) ziyingozi kakhulu imishini;
• Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise ingcindezi ngokulinganayo ungqimba;
• ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukungena ku-12 km, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukufunda isakhiwo lithospheric zangaphakathi eMhlabeni ukujula.

Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa igesi yemvelo kuphumelela ngempela, elula futhi esihleleke kahle. Uma umkhiqizo isisusiwe, ithunyelwa uya khona. Uma imboni zamakhemikhali, lapho-ke is bahlanza futhi alungele ukusetshenziswa eminye kulezo zimboni.

Ikakhulukazi, ngenhloso yasendlini akufanele nje ukuhlanza umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi engeza odorants - compounds ekhethekile ukunikeza iphunga ebukhali. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinhloso zokuphepha lapho ukuvuza endlini.

igesi zokuthutha

Uma igesi yemvelo, ke yabuthelwa walunziselela zokuthutha. It wenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

1. Iphayiphi. Nokho, Inketho ezivamile, iyona ayingozi kakhulu. Kulokhu, ihamba igesi umkhiqizo angase avuze futhi ukuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ngendlela elandelayo nje iphuzu compressor, injongo okuyinto ukulondoloza ingcindezi umkhiqizo ukukhuthazwa evamile.
2. Ukusetshenziswa LNG - emathangini avuzayo ekhethekile uyakwazi kokuthutha impahla kuncibilike. Le ndlela iyona iphephe kakhulu, ngoba igesi ketshezi akuyona obhubhisayo ayikwazi self-ukuthungela.
3. Qeqesha usebenzisa ithangi-ezinqoleni.

Indlela Igesi zithutha incike ibanga iphuzu lokufika kanye nenani lomkhiqizo.

Isici kwemvelo

Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa isici wemvelo okumsulwa uphethiloli emvelweni kunakhiqizwa igesi yemvelo. Ngemva imikhiqizo amandla omlilo yayo - amanzi -carbon dioxide. Ayikho kwekhabhoni ngaphandle obumba acid imvula.

Nokho, kulesi simo, kusekhona inkinga - the "Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini." Kuyinto ekuqongeleleni carbon dioxide emkhathini, okuyinto kuphakamisa ushintsho lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo esimweni sezulu sembulunga yonke. On le nkinga futhi umsebenzi ososayensi emazweni onke, kusuka ngesikhathi sokugcina ike yatshela umuntu nezokusigcoba kakhulu futhi olufanele.

Noma kunjalo, njengoba nje igesi namafutha - kuyizinto eziyinhloko wezinsalela zamandulo zokubasa, ukuthi ukukhonza umuntu njengesidalwa nophethiloli.