Umthengi wokubambisana - Iyini? Credit kanye umthengi wokubambisana

"Ukubambisana - kuyinto isimiso somhlaba wonke

Iletha ndawonye emhlabeni wonke, izigidi bamasheya "

(KP Djachenko)

Umthengi nokubambisana kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba afeze ibhizinisi kohlaka umnotho zone khulula futhi wamukele izinzuzo intela. Ukuhlobana amafomu wokubambisana yenhlangano buya ngokuya ecacile. Kungani? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene nokubambisana? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye ezithakazelisayo ingatholakala kulesi sihloko.

Umphakathi wanamuhla - kuyini?

Umthengi wokubambisana - kuyinto ngokubambisana esizimele izakhamuzi (izinhlangano ezingokomthetho) njalo yokuzithandela, ubunikazi lilonke ezizimele inhlangano noma elilawulwa ngentando yeningi.

Umgomo wokubambisana ngalinye kumele libe wanelise isidingo (isibonelo, impahla) nezinhlangano zalo ephambili. Ukuhlanganyela wokubambisana (ubulungu) Kwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa amayunithi noma iminikelo.

Umthengi wokubambisana izakhamuzi unelungelo ukuba abe nomkhawulo endaweni eyodwa yomsebenzi futhi "bazogcwalisa" kuphela ukwaziswa indiza izidingo cha, kodwa imvelo futhi kwesimo setenhlalo, emasiko nesimo sakhe sezomnotho.

nokubambisana, intando yeningi esakhiwa ngo neqiniso lokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani iyunithi (Imali), abanikazi bamasheya abe namalungelo alinganayo. Ephakeme ukuphathwa umzimba - umhlangano jikelele bamasheya.

umphakathi umthengi Modern unikeza omningi amathuba, kuhlanganise:

• ukuvulwa okusheshayo kunjalo futhi intela izinzuzo;
• kahle okungamele ukuphathwa komphakathi kanye ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi nokuvikelwa kwempahla;
• ukuqhuba izinhlobo eziningi zamabhizinisi ngaphandle kwelayisensi;
• kungekho imisebenzi emingceleni, e ethutha izimpahla ngaphansi kohlaka amaphrojekthi ngokubambisana neNhlangano International ngokuBambisana Alliance;
• Ezezindlu Ukuphathwa wokwakha ephezulu liphumele;
• loan ngokushesha futhi lincane.

Indlela Bonke baqala?

potrebkooperativ Okokuqala Abeluki yasungulwa ngo-1769 e-Scotland (United Kingdom). Wayelethwa waziphatha ukudayiswa ufulawa emalungwini alo ngentengo encishisiwe, ngaphandle labalamuli.

Umthengi esikweletu ama cooperatives ukukhiqizwa bakamalalahlengezela wavula yonke iYurophu kusukela maphakathi nekhulu XIX. Sinenkosi ikhono siqhubeke siphila ezimweni eziphilayo nzima ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ukuvikelwa kuphela ngokumelene befisa.

Kancane kancane kwakhiwa ngohlaka lomthetho nezenhlalo ngokubambisana. 1852 kwaphawulwa ukwamukelwa yomthetho lokuqala ekubambisaneni e-UK.

A mlando yangempela emlandweni imfundo English isibe "umphakathi ubulungiswa rochdeylskih amaphayona" elichumayo kuze kube yilolu suku. Lokhu ngukhokho wokubambisana yesimanje yasungulwa ngo 1844 edolobheni Rochdale. 28 Abeluki ihlelwe ngowokuqala co-op ukudla esitolo.

izimiso Rochdeylskie (yokusizana, ukulingana, asesilinganisweni, ilungu elilodwa - ivoti elilodwa) kwakheka isisekelo ukunyakaza wokubambisana.

amakhulu izinhlangano wokubambisana asebenze ngempumelelo kulezizinsuku emhlabeni zinhlobo ezahlukene, ne inani eliphelele abahlanganyeli akuyona ngaphansi kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane.

Izakhamizi Co-op kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge ukusebenza kwawo

isisekelo Legislative yamafomu wokubambisana inhlangano wabeka phansi uMthethosisekelo, the Civil Code (Article 116.), Ngaphezu imithetho ekhethekile: "Ngo umthengi nokubambisana ...", "Ngo kwezolimo" futhi "Ngo-co-operatives ukukhiqizwa".

Umthetho-sisekelo wokubambisana umthengi, njengoba main idokhumenti abamelwe ulawula inhlangano engokomthetho. Ngokuphathelene inhlangano ethile lembula uhla amalungelo, imisebenzi kanye nezibopho amalungu, Ukwakheka zemizimba ukuphathwa, izisekelo imisebenzi yezimali, izici kwezomnotho kanye zomthetho.

Ngaphandle okuyimpoqo ulwazi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, usomqulu iqukethe isinqumo usayizi share iminikelo kanye ikakhulukazi isicelo sabo, ukuze izinqumo bayigubungele ukulahlekelwa ezingaba khona. I inzuzo kusukela yokuhwebelana namanye isakazwa kulingana wethulwe abahlanganyeli nokwabelana.

Izikweletu inhlangano ngokwengxenye ube bamasheya ebophekile. Inani izikweletu ngayinye umhlanganyeli singadluli ngisho ezinganeni imali eyengeziwe.

Amalungu wokubambisana umthengi - akusiyo izakhamuzi kuphela, kodwa futhi inhlangano (kuleli cala, ngempela ingxenye kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu).

Credit kanye umthengi ama cooperatives

Kube nesisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthethelela le co-op credit ezweni lethu uMthetho we Russian Federation "Ngo-credit nokubambisana". Credit umthengi wokubambisana - i association of izakhamuzi (izinhlangano) ukuhlinzeka ukusekelana ngokuya ezezimali abolekise.

Inhloso Its main iwukuba mutual zosizo abahlanganyeli: abangenalo izimali alungiswa uzimisele unayo i engenayo imali ngenzalo. Umgomo yesibili - ukuthola inzuzo.

Kumila kwempahla yakhiwa wokubambisana credit esivivaneni, imali imisebenzi, ephakanyiswe izimali kanye neminye imithombo zomthetho.

Ukukhokhwa kwaloluhlobo lwesikweletu kuvame esikhishwe ngesikhathi isithakazelo kunelawo ebhange, kodwa isiqinisekiso loan ngenhla. Kuvumela abahlanganyeli abe izinzuzo ezinhle co-operative.

Ngokuvamile, i-credit nokubambisana kusiza ukuqinisa ukuphepha zezimali kanye engenayo ezinzile, uma ngempela esikweletu umthengi wokubambisana. Izibuyekezo zimali manje kuhlanganisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhange abaningi bathembele kuphela ngoba ezicashe izinhlangano wokubambisana ngokuvamile Sihlala lamasela.

Kanjani ukukhetha wokubambisana ngokwethembeka, kunokuba kumasikhuphulane?

1. Imibhalo wokusungula uhlobo oludingekayo lwenhlangano zomthetho kufanele kukhonjiswe: inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo, i-co-operative credit.
2. Isakhamuzi ongenela wokubambisana, has a chance esisemthethweni ukuhlola imibhalo owasungula kanye nesivumelwano sokubolekwa imali. Funda sisekelo kanye inkontileka kubalulekile, uma lokhu uvinjelwe ke cishe, wena iphiramidi zezimali.
3. Kufanele ukhethe i inhlangano ukwenza okungenani iminyaka engu 2-3 futhi kufakwe inyunyana cooperatives.
4. eliphezulu kakhulu zenzalo amalungu kwabanikazi bamasheya futhi sibonakala sethusa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu co-op ayinikezi ngesikweletu ngoba "ukuqasha" amalungu amasha.
5. ukukhangisa Loud - akusiyo wokubambisana, njengoba kulotshwe ikakhulu for nokuhlinzekwa kwezimali yokusizana e iqembu ethile abantu.

kwezolimo

Uhlaka Legal cooperatives wezolimo - kuyinto isikhundla yonke eMthethweni? "Ngo-Agricultural Cooperation".

wokubambisana umthengi Agricultural owasungulwa njengoba abahlanganyeli, izakhamuzi kanye nezinhlangano. Isimo obalulekile them is ukuzibandakanya kwemikhiqizo yezolimo kanye nezinye izindawo kwenhlangano.

Umthengi wokubambisana - inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo. "Agricultural" igama ikuvumela ukuba umeme ubulungu abakhiqizi yezolimo, kanye "umthengi" ukuhlangabezana nezidingo.

Izinhlobonhlobo cooperatives wezolimo pretty okuningi: inkampani ezifeza ukucutshungulwa, Logistics and yokuthengisa imisebenzi, izinsizakalo emkhakheni wezolimo, obolekisayo nokuningi.

Ezezindlu-co-operatives

Uhlaka lomthetho izindlu nokwakhiwa ama cooperatives - kuyinto we Civil Code (Article 116.) Futhi isigaba esifanele kule Ezezindlu Ikhodi WaseRussia.

Umthengi izindlu wokubambisana - a ukusebenzisana iqhaza (abantu noma izinhlangano) njalo yokuzithandela ukuze ukuxazulula le nkinga yokuntuleka kwezindlu, izimpikiswano ngcono elingaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuhlala, igumbi idinga.

Ezezindlu (LCD) kanye / noma ukwakhiwa (HCC) - wokubambisana umthengi kanye inhlangano engenzi inzuzo.

HBC afeze ukudayiswa amafulethi babe abangahlanzekile ngokusho koMthetho "Ngo Ukuhlanganyela ukwakhiwa wabelane of emafulethini."

Amalungu ale nhlangano kungaba noma yimuphi umuntu, izakhamuzi (hhayi ngaphansi kuka 5 hhayi ngaphezu kwenani Imininingwane ezindlini), ukuhlela, futhi ukuhlala emhlanganweni wokuqala. Umthengi LCD kudinga abahlanganyeli ukuhlanganisa izimali wokugcinwa endlini futhi isakhiwo - ukuze kwakhiwe.

lenhlangano yokwakha Umthengi usebenza ngesisekelo isimiso. Liqukethe ulwazi mayelana emigomweni, izinqubo yokusebenza, ukungena abantu abasha, iminikelo, kwesisekelo, ukubunjwa izindikimba ezilawulayo. Lapho engena LCD kudingeke uhlole sisekelo kanye nokubonisana ummeli, kanye unaka lemali yokukhokha, oda ukukhokhwa yabelana, amalungelo nezibopho abawugijimayo.

Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukufeza izibopho, okungukuthi, yokungakhokhi yenkokhelo egcwele, umninimasheya ayifakiwe inhlangano futhi ulahlekelwe efulethini.

Asinakuwushalazela yokuthi phakathi mortgage ama cooperatives zokuhlala inhlangano zokukhwabanisa, ngakho-ke khetha nhlangano babegcina kakhulu, abe anaka nemibono ummeli.

Garage umthengi wokubambisana

Umthetho uchaza lomthetho we Russian igalaji ama cooperatives (GIC), ingakamiswa yokutholwa. Imithetho opertives izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo kanye nokuqoqwa lokhu kuhambisana ayivumelekile.

Kususelwa izinsalela the Civil Code noMthetho "Ngo Cooperation eU.SSR", okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku isetshenziswa umkhuba.

Garage umthengi wokubambisana - inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo, ubulungu inhlangano izakhamuzi ukuhlangabezana egalaji izidingo zokuthutha.

CCP Charter ulawula imibuzo eyisisekelo umsebenzi wakhe. Ichaza imithombo zemali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi kanye nenani iminikelo, amalungelo endawo, izimo entry kanye ophumayo. Iqembu isinyathelo izakhamuzi (ngaphandle nokulungisa amaphepha constitutive) udonsa ukuqasha kusayithi ngoba emagalaji, uhambisa imibhalo Office sokubhalisa umhlaba.

Garage umthengi wokubambisana ibhalisiwe njengenkolo esemthethweni, liphuma ngenxa ehhovisi lentela, wathola settlement nama-akhawunti ebusweni yasebhange iqhaza.

Lapho ukulungele abamelwe amadokhumenti, iphasipoti cadastral futhi isivumelwano, ungakwazi uqhubekele ukubhaliswa ngaphakathi kwehlangano yomphakathi. CCP engena inkontileka enkampanini yezokwakha.

3 Isigaba le co-op

izidingo Ukubhaliswa kulawulwa isahluko sesine uMthetho "ukubhaliswa isimo izinhlangano ezingokomthetho".

Dala inhlangano abathengi banelungelo okungenani 5 abantu (okungenani iminyaka engu-16) kanye nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho.

isigaba ka	isinyathelo Inqubo
1. Kumiswa iqembu izakhamuzi isinyathelo	Umqondo, ukuhlela imisebenzi yomphakathi, business plan. Ukulungiselela imibhalo ephambili futhi imihlangano.
2. Holding inhlangano ephambili	Ukwenza isinqumo kumiswa inhlangano co-operative futhi emnyango Union of Consumer Societies. Ukugunyazwa uhlu bamasheya, izihloko of association kanye ukulinganisa izindleko zokungena. Ukukhethwa lwabaphathi nemizimba zokulawula. Ukubhaliswa kwe-mbiko.
3. Ukubhalisa	Isitatimende, isitifiketi ukukhokhwa kwemali, umthetho olandelwayo futhi sivunyelwe ngalesi imibhalo umhlangano ifakwa ebhukwini igunya. I co-op kubhekwa asebenzayo kusuka ngesikhathi sokubhalisa isimo.

Izinzuzo nezingozi potrebkooperativa

izinzuzo	amaphutha
Accrual of izinzuzo ngokulingana umninimasheya iqhaza, ukubamba iqhaza ngamunye ukusatshalaliswa engenayo	Amathuba ukhetha uhlelo lokuphathwa ezingasebenzi
Ukwanelisa izidingo	Passive ilungu-bamasheya
ukusebenza • Inhlalo engenayo inxushunxushu ukuthembeka abalingani
imizimba ukuphathwa Democratic ukhetho
Transparency of ezezimali kanye nenye idatha ku imiphumela shareholder ngamunye

Umthengi co-op. Izibuyekezo

Ucwaningo lwenziwe ku-inthanethi ukubukwa esivelele abathengi nabasebenzi zabathengi nokubambisana ohlelweni Russia (emadolobheni amakhulu amaningana nasemaphandleni). Ngenxa yalokho inombolo yayo enkulu Izibuyekezo ezingezinhle zihlonzwe.

Ngakho, inani labantu ugxeka umphakathi umthengi kanye yezitolo abathengi ': ngokuyinhloko isiko yokuxhumana namakhasimende, umkhiqizo uhla, izimo nabathengisi ukusebenza. Futhi ukukhuluma mayelana amanani aphezulu (kusilinganiso). izikhalazo eziningana eziphathelene ukwephula esitolo.

Ngo Izibuyekezo eziningi kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuholi be-co-operatives umthengi wendawo "edonsa ingubo" phezu: amaholo aphansi, ukungabi nogqozi lezisebenzi, ukusebenza.

Nakani udaba izisebenzi: akukho ochwepheshe abasebasha abafanelekayo. Uthi "ukuguga" abasebenzi kanye nethimba. Kuvele ukumnika kwabasebenzi abasha e ebuhlungu kudingeka umthengi ama cooperatives eziningi.

Izibuyekezo ukugxekwa ezibhaliwe mayelana isofthiwe ethize kanye nomphakathi umthengi, okungakwazi ishiwo yonke umthengi uhlelo wokubambisana Russia. Kukhona ama cooperatives, umphakathi umthengi kanye nezinyunyana ukusebenza ngokwethembeka okuhle.

osomabhizinisi abaningi bayabambisana credit co-op. Siyabonga ithuba ukuthola imali-mboleko eside ukuze ukuthengiselana kanye nezinye izidingo zebhizinisi. Ukugubha wamaphepha okusheshayo ngaphandle tape obomvu.

Captivates abantu sengqondo friendly abasebenzi, ikhono ukuchaza konke ngolimi olulula. Ukubolekwa kwemali kuthathwe ngezinhloso ezehlukene: ukuthengwa izimoto, ukulungisa kanye ekhaya ngcono, ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukuthenga izinto ezibizayo. Hoarding, isibonelo, ukuze baphumule. Futhi, abantu bavame imali isithakazelo esikweletu umthengi wokubambisana.

Izibuyekezo kwalezi zikhungo ingatholakala kwi-website esemthethweni. imicabango yabantu abaphenywe credit ama cooperatives, okuyinto banobufakazi ngempumelelo iminyaka engu-10 kuya ku-20. Baqiniseka ngaphezulu sabantu.

Kuzo zonke imikhakha yezomnotho eNtshonalanga, zikhona izinhlangano eziningi co-operative. Futhi ngokuvamile nje zonakale isitokwe kanye nezinkampani ezizimele. Kungani nokubambisana Western buyakhahlela, uyasinda eRussia?

Ngokusobala, sisenalo ukuba aphinde acabange isimo sabo sengqondo kuya kazwelonke insebenziswano ukuyiguqula. Izinjongo ahambisanayo uhlelo wokubambisana kufanele kube ukuthuthukiswa imboni yokukhiqiza, amathuba emisebenzi emisha kanye ekuhlinzekeni abantu abane-konke okudingayo.