Ukwakheka Neptune emkhathini. ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana iplanethi Neptune

Ezinsukwini okumatasa zomhlaba nomuntu ovamile ngezikhathi sehliselwe ubukhulu emsebenzini nasekhaya. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uma sibheka isibhakabhaka, singabona ukuthi mncane kangakanani kuba izinga yonke. Mhlawumbe yingakho lo romantics abasha dream azinikele ekunqotshweni Isikhala ekutadisheni izinkanyezi. Ososayensi, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye akazange akhohlwe nakancane ukukhohlwa ukuthi, ngaphezu Earth, izinkinga zayo nezinjabulo, kunezinye izinto eziningi ezikude futhi engaqondakali. Omunye wabo - planethi Neptune, ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili ngezinga of remoteness eLangeni, zingakwazi ukufunda observation okuqondile, ngakho-isibili kukhanga abacwaningi.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Ngisho phakathi kwekhulu XIX, komthala ngokososayensi, equkethwe amaplanethi eziyisikhombisa kuphela. Omakhelwane Zomhlaba, eziseduze nezikude, ziye wafundela ukusetshenziswa yonke impumelelo etholakala ubunjiniyela kanye ne-computing. Abaningi izici ezichazwe ekuqaleni ngemcondvo, bese ukuthola isiqinisekiso esisebenzayo. Kusukela sibalo emzileni Uranus, abazalwane babeba abaqaphile kodwa uhlukile. Thomas Dzhon Hassi, sezinkanyezi futhi umpristi, wathola ukushayisana phakathi kwe-trajectory langempela le ukunyakaza okuhloswe ngayo le planethi. Isiphetho kungaba eyodwa kuphela: kukhona into, esithinta emzileni Uranus. Empeleni, lokhu kwaba umbiko lokuqala iplanethi Neptune.

Ngemva cishe iminyaka eyishumi (ngo-1843) ngesikhathi esifanayo, abacwaningi ababili ibalwa, ongasusa iplanethi, ephoqa indawo ukuba benze ezinye orbit giant igesi sika. Kwakuwusuku eyiNgisi Dzhon Adams engumFulentshi Urbain Le Verrier. Ngayodwana, kodwa ngokunemba ezahlukene zinqunywa endleleni ukunyakaza komzimba.

Ukuthola kanye ukuhlonza

Neptune watholakala ebusuku esibhakabhakeni sezinkanyezi Johann Gottfried Galle, Le Verrier abeza tibalo. Usosayensi isiFulentshi, bese isigaba nge Halle and Adams enkazimulweni iphayona, wenza iphutha izibalo kuphela degree. Neptune uvele ngokusemthethweni ezincwadini zesayensi-September 23, 1846.

Ekuqaleni, le planethi bacelwa ukuba igama igama kuJanus, kodwa leligama akazange anamathele. Izazi zezinkanyezi kakhulu liphefumulelwe uqhathanisa lesi sakhiwo esisha nenkosi ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle, njengoba alien Terra firma njengoba, ngokusobala, futhi wathola iplanethi. Neptune Igama Verrier ephakanyiswayo kanye asekelwe V Ya. Struve, ngubani ephethwe i Pulkovo Observatory. Igama wanikwa, yokuzwa kuphela lokho ukubunjwa emkhathini Neptune sika, kungaba nhlobo lokho itholakala ezinzulwini zalo, nokunye.

Ngokuqhathaniswa Umhlaba

Kusukela ngenkathi owatholakala ngayo kwaba yisikhathi eside. Namuhla, emhlabeni lwesishiyagalombili sonozungezilanga siyazi okuningi kakhulu. Neptune kuzidlula usayizi Umhlaba: ubukhulu enkulu cishe 4 izikhathi, nesisindo - izikhathi 17. amabanga amade ukusuka elangeni akashiyi kungabaza ngokuthi isimo sezulu emhlabeni Neptune futhi ngokuphongoza Earth. Lapha kungaba akukho ukuphila lapho. Akukona ngisho umoya noma ezinye izenzakalo engavamile. Isibhakabhaka kanye ebusweni Neptune cishe isakhiwo esisodwa. Lokhu kuwuphawu zonke imidondoshiya igesi, okuhlanganisa futhi kule planethi.

Ebusweni ngengqondo

Planet ukuminyana kakhulu emhlabeni phansi kunabaphostoli (1.64 g / cc), lapho unyawo ubuso bayo ukuxazulula. Futhi njengoba enjalo akusiyo. Level ebusweni ahlelwe ukuhlonza ingcindezi elikhulu: pliable futhi kunalokho efana uketshezi "okuqinile" Itholakala aphansi emkhathini, lapho ingcindezi ilingana Ibha eyodwa futhi, empeleni ayingxenye. Noma yimuphi umlayezo embulungeni Neptune njengendlela into isikhala usayizi ethile esekelwe lokhu kwencazelo ebusweni iplanethi giant.

Etholwe ekuphenduleni le imingcele ethile imi kanje:

• ubukhulu enkabazwe obuyizinkulungwane 49,5 km .;

• lingakanani indiza isigxobo -. ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 48,7 km.

Isilinganiso kulezi zici kwenza Neptune ukuma kude mbuthano. Yena, njengo-blue iplanethi, uyindilinga eyisicaba kancane kuma-pole.

Ukwakheka umoya Neptune

Ingxube yamagesi esigubuzele iplanethi okuqukethwe ihluke kakhulu umhlaba. Ingxenye obuqand hydrogen (80%), isikhundla yesibili helium. Lokhu igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali yikhona kanye okwenze ukuthi kuya umkhathi Neptune - 19%. Methane angaphansi kwelilodwa, kwenzeka futhi lapha ammonia, kodwa amanani abangelutho.

Okuxakayo nje amaphesenti omunye methane isakhiwo kuthinta kakhulu onjani umoya Neptune, futhi yini wonke giant igesi ngokombono ingqapheli zangaphandle. Le ngxube kumakhemikhali amafu planethi futhi akuvezi amaza okukhanya elihambisana umbala obomvu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-flying nge mkhathi Neptune is ababethi blue ezijulile. Lokhu umbala - enye yezinto eziyimpicabadala planethi. Ososayensi Namanje asilwazi ngokugcwele ukuthi ncamashi kuholela ukumuncwa engxenyeni ebomvu bohlu.

Zonke imidondoshiya igesi zivame khona isimo. Neptune ivelele phakathi kwazo umbala. Ngenxa izici zayo efanayo nalena ebizwa ngokuthi i iplanethi ice. methane nzonzobala, khona unezela isisindo kuqhathaniswa intaba yeqhwa Neptune lingena ukubunjwa isiphuku ezizungezile umnyombo iplanethi.

sakhiwo sangekhatsi

Engaphandle into core yakhiwa yensimbi, nickel, i-magnesium ne-silicon compounds. Enkabeni yalo cishe ulingana nenqwaba wonke Earth. Ngakho, ngokungafani nezinye izakhi Sakhiwo sangekhatsi, ke lunesibalo esingeqile efanayo ipharamitha Blue iplanethi kabili.

Umnyombo ihlanganiswa, njengoba sekushiwo, isiphuku. Ukwakheka kwalo kufana ngezindlela eziningi sezulu: lapha khona kwe-ammonia, methane namanzi. ungqimba isisindo kwaba nanhlanu emhlabeni, ngenkathi ashisayo (kufika ku 5000 K). Isiphuku ayinakho umngcele ecacile, futhi emkhathini we iplanethi Neptune ngokushelela ageleza kuwo. A ingxube ane-helium ne-hydrogen ungaphakathi engxenyeni engenhla isakhiwo. ukuguqulwa Smooth elilodwa isici kwenye, futhi ungaqondakali umngcele therebetween - izakhiwo nobuntu zonke imidondoshiya igesi.

nobunzima ucwaningo

Iziphetho ngalokho isimo Neptune, okuyinto ejwayelekile oyiyo, wenza kakhulu ngesisekelo idatha kakade eyatholakala mayelana Uranus, uJupiter Saturn. Ibanga ukusuka iplanethi enguMhlaba kakhulu kwenza kube nzima ukufunda.

Ngo-1989, eduze mkhathi ezindizayo Neptune sika "Voyager 2". Kwakuwusuku kuphela umhlangano we-giant ice nge isithunywa yasemhlabeni. Nokho, ukuthela ke, kusobala: iningi ulwazi mayelana Neptune isayensi iye yalungiselela kakhulu lokhu umkhumbi. Ikakhulu, i-"Voyager 2" atholakala izindawo ezinkulu nezincane amnyama. Bobabili endaweni amnyama zazibonakala kahle ngokumelene blue emkhathini. Kuze kube manje, akucaci yini nesimo salezi izinhlangano, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi le imisinga eddy noma iziphepho. Babonakala emkhathini futhi ngejubane rush enkulu emhlabeni.

ezinyakazayo esiphakade

Abaningi nemingcele inquma khona isimo. Neptune ephawula umbala engavamile hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuhamba njalo wadala umoya. Ijubane ngawo amafu azungeza iplanethi enkabazwe, ngaphezu amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ngehora. They kanjeyana ukuhambisa e okuphambene Ukujikeleza isihlobo mayelana ahlangene Neptune isiqondiso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvela kuyo yonke iplanethi ngisho ngokushesha: ukujikeleza umnyuziki kuthatha amahora 16 futhi imizuzu 7. Ukuze uqhathanise, omunye revolution uzungeza ilanga kuthatha cishe 165 edlule.

Enye puzzle: ijubane umoya emkhathini giant igesi kwandisa nge ibanga ukusuka elangeni neziqongo ezembethe ku Neptune. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa has izifundo azikakwazi, kanye ezinye izici nezinga lokushisa elizosetshenziswa kule planethi.

ukusatshalaliswa ukushisa

Isimo sezulu emhlabeni Neptune libhekene ushintsho kancane kancane izinga lokushisa, kuncike kokuwa. Olunye ungqimba emkhathini, lapho Kwamanzi moya, elihambela- yesibili igama umzimba isikhala (ice iplanethi). Amazinga is sehliselwe cishe -200 ºC. Lapho ushukunyiswa ebusweni okungenhla, kuyoba ukwandisa ukushisa kuze kube 475º. Ososayensi namanje abakabutholi incazelo ehloniphekile noma yini ngalezo zinguquko. Njengoba kulindelekile, Neptune ine umthombo ukushisa kwangaphakathi. a "heater" ezinjalo kumele kukhiqize amandla kabili njengoba planethi livela ilanga. Ukushisa kulomthombo lihambisana owawenyuka lapha Amandla ethu Star, cishe isizathu imimoya enamandla.

Nokho, futhi kwelanga noma yangaphakathi "heater" Abakwazi ukuvusa lokushisa phezu ukuze kwaba noshintsho olubonakalayo zezinkathi zonyaka. Nakuba nezinye izimo salokhu zifeziwe, ukuhlukanisa ubusika kusukela ehlobo Neptune engenakwenzeka.

magnetosphere

Ucwaningo "Voyager 2" wabasiza ososayensi ufunde kabanzi mayelana amandla kazibuthe Neptune. Ihlukile kakhulu emhlabeni; umthombo ingekho-nucleus futhi kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, ukuze eksisi kazibuthe planethi kugudlukela kakhulu isihlobo ukuba phakathi nendawo.

Omunye wemisebenzi yasendle - kusukela solar Ukuvikelwa emoyeni. Ifomu Neptune Magnetosphere side kakhulu: intambo yokuphepha ingxenye iplanethi, okuyinto esikhanyayo, elise at ibanga ayizinkulungwane 600 km ebusweni, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - ezingaphezu kuka-2 million, amakhilomitha ..

Voyager wanika nokuntengantenga we voltage ensimini futhi ilungiselelo imigqa kazibuthe. izakhiwo ezinjalo le planethi ngeke futhi wachaza kuze kube sekupheleni isayensi.

izindandatho

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho ososayensi kufunwa impendulo yombuzo ophathelene nokuthi kukhona isimo ku-Neptune, kukhona enye inselele phambi kwabo. Kwakudingekile ukuba amchazele ukuthi kungani endleleni ezinkanyezi lesishiyagalombili planethi aqala ukufiphala ngoba obuka kancane ekuqaleni kuka-Neptune ngokuya kubo.

Xazulula inkinga kwenzeka kuphela ngemva ecishe ibe ikhulu. Ngo-1984, ngosizo isibonakude esinamandla wayebona indandatho elikhanyayo kakhulu ngayo le planethi, kamuva esabizwa ngokuthi igama omunye ukuthi bangabavumbululi Neptune - Dzhona Adamsa.

nezifundo usuthole zokwakheka ezimbalwa ezifanayo. Bavala izinkanyezi endleleni iplanethi. Namuhla izazi zezinkanyezi zikwazi bakholwe Neptune umnikazi izindandatho eziyisithupha. Kuzo, kuvela elinye imfihlakalo. Adams indandatho siqukethe lwesikhathi eziningana, okuyinto zitholakala ukuqhela nomunye. Isizathu salokhu ukubekwa alucacile. Abanye abacwaningi sithambekele ucabanga ukuthi ubenza ukuthi isikhundla amandla zasendle adonsela phansi omunye iziphuphutheki ka Neptune - Galatea. Okunye counterargument onohlonze isahola: Ubukhulu bayo mancane kakhulu ukuthi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi lapho zibhekene nomsebenzi. Mhlawumbe, eduze kukhona iziphuphutheki eziningana ezingaziwa ukusiza Galatea.

Ngokuvamile, izindandatho kule planethi - umbukwane ukuthi zingaphansi ubuhle kanye impressiveness zokwakheka ezifanayo Saturn. Hhayi indima okungenani ngokubukeka ezinye dim kunengxenye. Izindandatho aqukethe ikakhulukazi i-methane ice izigaxa camera Silicon compounds okuyinto kalula adonse ukukhanya.

iziphuphutheki

Neptune - umnikazi (ngokokubala kokugcina) 13 iziphuphutheki. Iningi labo elincane. ongakhetha Ezivelele Triton kuphela kuphela kancane wawungaphansi ubukhulu of the Moon. Ukwakheka Neptune umkhathi Triton ezahlukene: satellite has a gasbag ingxube ka-nitrogen ne-methane. Lezi izinto ukunikeza uhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu kulo mhlaba: nitrogen eqandisiwe nge inclusions methane ice kudala phezu e-South Pole manje isiyaluyalu imibala: modulations ophuzi kuhlangene elimhlophe kanye pink.

Isiphetho Triton uyathandeka, Okwamanje, akuyona kamnandi kangaka. Ososayensi babikezela ayikhohlwe indlela ahlangana ngayo Neptune kanye ukumuncwa kwabo. Ngenxa yalokho, le planethi lwesishiyagalombili iyoba umnikazi emasongweni entsha ku ukukhanya ifaniswe zokwakheka Saturn ngisho outstripping kubo. Okunye iziphuphutheki ka Neptune lungaphezu kunabayeni Triton, ezinye zazo azinalo igama okwamanje.

Iplanethi lwesishiyagalombili sonozungezilanga ngezindlela eziningi ukuba igama layo, ku ekukhethweni zazo abathintekayo futhi khona isimo - Neptune. Ukwakheka kwalo enomthelela ukubukeka isici umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Neptune is ukushesha isikhala engaqondakali kithi, sengathi unkulunkulu zezilwandle. Futhi afana olwandle olujulile ingxenye isikhala oqala angaphezu Neptune, igcina eziningi izimfihlo kumuntu. Ososayensi of esizayo kuphela ngiwavule.