Amakhosikazi Decembrists

Russia ukuphila kulinganiswa ibheke phansi ngo-1825, ku-14 Disemba. Ngalolusuku kwakukhona a ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists. It ngesihluku ukuyiveza, uphenyo bakhangwa 579 ababambiqhaza. Five isigwebo sokufa, wagwetshwa kanzima abantu 120 badingiselwa eSiberia. Ngemuva kwesivivinyo iphelile, bonke labo wagwetshwa kwamenyezelwa izigebengu zezombusazwe futhi ngokusemthethweni efile.

"Ukushona zezombusazwe 'wayesho ke ngokomthetho ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele zonke amalungelo isakhamuzi yezwe. Amakhosikazi Decembrists kwadingeka ukuba isiphetho sabo unqume eminye. Babekwazi bazohlukana noma uhlale oshadile. Futhi, abesifazane banikwa ithuba ukuya ejele ngenxa amadoda. Laba bobabili wafaka isicelo sesehlukaniso.

Yesimanjemanje wayazi amagama abesifazane nanye - nabangane wabaholi lokuqala isiRashiya, le Decembrists - balandela amadoda abo kanzima eSiberia. Kwakungafanele bazikhohlwe ku imiphakathi eyimfihlo, akazange iqhaza kuvukela, Nokho, wenza isenzo nobuqhawe.

Feat kubafazi Decembrists ibonisa hhayi kuphela uthando nokuzinikela kwazo kubayeni babo. Oholela umphakathi ngaleso sikhathi baziswa isenzo sabo, wasinikeza a ukubaluleka ezibanzi kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Ngokuzithandela nilandele "izigebengu isimo", amakhosikazi Decembrists, kanye nabayeni bawo, ngikhulumile ukuyamelana serfdom futhi autocracy, akesabi ukulahlekelwa izinzuzo sawo namalungelo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Nicholas 1, ukudala zonke izinhlobo zezithiyo kuhamba kubafazi Decembrists. Esinye sezimo elawula kunazo babe kokushiya Russia ezinganeni zaseYurophu.

Okokuqala waya umyeni wakhe uCatherine Trubetskaya. Ngezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha, yena saboshwa ngo-Irkutsk Tseydler (umbusi wendawo), ayekhonza lo Tsarist kadokotela imfihlo futhi benza konke abangakwenza ukuze uthole wakhe emuva. Troubetzkoy kwadingeka ngisayine eziningi izibopho okuyinto bancishwa wakhe kwamalungelo wobuntu elula. Tseydler wathi uhambo Duchess kumyeni wakhe kungathatha indawo kuphela esigabeni, eduze ekubeletheni. Nokho, Catherine Trubetskaya wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani. Ekugcineni, waya umyeni wakhe.

Ekuqaleni 1827 eSiberia, ezimayini Nerchinsk ngemva Troubetzkoy weza Aleksandra Muraveva futhi Maria Volkonskaia. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke kwezifiki lokuqala Decembrists abafazi baqala umsebenzi wabo wokufundisa. Ekupheleni konyaka ezimayini beza nabanye besifazane: Alexander Yentaltseva Anna Rosen, Aleksandra Davydova, Natalia Fonvizin, Elizabeth Naryshkin, Camilla Ivashov, uPraskovya Annenkov, Maria Yushnevsky.

Iziboshwa "izigebengu isimo" babenqatshelwe ukuze ngibhale izincwadi. Amakhosikazi Decembrists esungulwe ubuhlobo izihlobo iziboshwa. igama Abesifazane beza izincwadi, kuhlanganise nabathandekayo angaphandle.

Ufike eSiberia abesifazane wayephila ukuphila okulula. Bona kwadingeka ukupheka, ukuwasha, shisisa isitofu. Kuyinto kulezi zimo, Aristocrat abasha yokuzwa ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kokuphila.

Unkosikazi ka Nikita Muravyov, u-Alexander, indiva ingozi, baletha ezandleni imisebenzi Pushkin, Pushchin ozinikele ( "Umngane wami wokuqala," "ESiberia"). Uma ngesikhathi search wathola izinkondlo, wayezoba ejele.

Aleksandra Muraveva ngahlala eSiberia iminyaka eside. Ebusika, egijima kwi flat kubantwana bakwa-chamber komyeni wakhe, wabona umkhuhlane futhi washona ngemva nje.

Kwakungekhona kuleyandawo futhi abafazi ababili (Troubetzkoy futhi Ivasheva). Kube sekulimala abesifazane abathathu kuthiwa ongumfelokazi; zazivunyelwa ukuba ubuyele emuva ngemva ushwele jikelele 1856. abafazi ababili baya eCaucasus nabayeni bawo (Naryshkin futhi Rosen). Kube sekulimala abesifazane abathathu nge sikhululiwe - ibuya ngemva ushwele eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yezwe (Annenkov, Volkonskaia, Fonvizin).

Decembrists nomkabo wabuya ngemva kweminyaka amathathu izixhumanisi bayazi kwezombusazwe. Ukuzonda kwayo serfdom futhi autocracy abazenzi kuyo yonke le minyaka.