Unesibopho esingokomthetho futhi onelungelo elingokomthetho

Isakhiwo kokuqala kwezomthetho ebuhlotsheni babantu kwaqala ukuvela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nje edlule, kusukela ukuvela uthi. Yiqiniso, singasho ukuthi ubuhlobo labantu laliqala yalemitimba, futhi kulawulwa emasikweni. Kodwa kuphela ngenxa kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa isimo ukuphoqwa esingokomthetho waphakanyiselwa isimo ekhethekile, kanye namalungelo subjective agodliwe.

ubuhlobo zomthetho

Abantu abakwazi khona emphakathini, ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle nezikhathi nomunye. The ephakeme ezingeni nokuxhumana, kulapho bahlakulele umphakathi ngendlela elibukeka ngayo, abantu abaningi emkhakheni ubudlelwano wokwakha. Noma ibuphi ubuhlobo zomthetho has izici zayo siqu kanye nokusungulwa, okuhleliwe okufanayo, kodwa izakhi multidimensional. Ngakho, ukuthi ivelele ilungelo subjective futhi unesibopho esingokomthetho, kuncike futhi into. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe.

isihloko ubudlelwane

Kuyaqondakala ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izici - umhlanganyeli ngubani sinikezwe ilungelo subjective noma isibopho esingokomthetho babelwe naye. Ngokuvamile, zombili lezi zinto zikhona zombili izinhlangothi.

Ngokwesibonelo, isivumelwano ezijwayeleke kakhulu ukudayiswa imoto, lapho umdayisi inelungelo asibasela izimpahla, kodwa ukuba ikhokhe impahla komunye umuntu, umthengi, esikhundleni salokho, kufanele bakhokhe izindleko umshini futhi kungadinga yokudlulisa.

sici

Isihloko ubuhlobo ingase ikwazi (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "pravodeesposobnym") sdelkosposobnym noma delictual. Uma umuntu unawo amandla isinyathelo, ubizwa ngokugcwele libhekene ilungelo subjective futhi unesibopho esingokomthetho. Lokho, umuntu ingaba njengesihluthulelo umhlanganyeli cishe kuzo zonke ubudlelwano zomthetho.

Sdelkosposobnost kusho ukuthi kungenzeka umuntu ungene ezivumelwaneni nazo, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi ngempela ukuthi Kumsebenzi nesibopho. Ngokuvamile kuba izenzo sohlangothi olulodwa.

Deliktospopobnost ivumela umuntu ukuphendula ngokugcwele ngezenzo zabo. labo kuphela possess izici ezinjalo, kungase kube wemfanelo. Ekugcineni, umthamo - kuyinto lungaba umuntu ukuze uthole ngokwakho kwesokudla.

subjective kwesokudla

Legal izibopho zezakhamizi, izinhlangano collective noma amazwe ayikwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele futhi zenzeka hlanguzo efanele. Okwazekayo, unelungelo subjective kudala isibopho lomunye umuntu.

Ngokwesibonelo, wonke umuntu kuleli zwe ungathola ukufinyelela ukhululekile ukusebenza noma uye ku-inthanethi. Akekho ukwazi ukufinyelela kuwo ngaleso umkhawulo, ngaphandle izidingo ezikhethekile, isibonelo, izikhundla ezithile uzobe waqasha amadoda kuphela, futhi kuvusa nemibango engokohlanga osekuthathe , ngisho esikhaleni virtual akuvunyelwe.

Ake sihlole umqondo - ilungelo subjective saziwa isilinganiso yokuziphatha kungenzeka tesifundvo. Nobubanzi ikhono kunqunywa umthetho, inkontileka nezinye izinhlobo izivumelwano. Kungenzeka sizalwa kusukela ekuzalweni (isibonelo, ilungelo lokuphila) noma anikezwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (ithuba ukuvota okhethweni lobumengameli).

umthwalo

Umcabango imisebenzi zomthetho ilula ngokwanele - zinikelwa mthetho noma ungenwa isilinganiso yokuziphatha okufanele mayelana nale ndaba, okusekelwa kungenzeka isimo nokuphoqwa. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu izakhi eziyisisekelo ubudlelwane, sibonga kuye ukuthi sezisetshenziswe ngokugcwele.

unesibopho esingokomthetho kuhlobene eduze kwamalungelo wobuntu. Nokho, lesi sici kuyinto kubenzima futhi ungachazeki elula. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuqaliswa isibopho esinjalo kuyadingeka ukuba ayemkweleta kanye ubudlelwano okweletayo ezihlobene. Cabanga inkontileka sokuthengisa ingcebo. Njengoba isiphelo sesimiso sivumelwano umthengi uzibophile, ngoba kwaba izenzo zakhe ukukhiqiza impendulo, yize imigomo yenkontileka unganikezwa ngenye indlela. Ngokushesha nje lapho umthengi uzokhokha u-100% intengo, kuba endaweni ayemkweleta, okweletayo futhi umdayisi uthatha isikhundla.

Cishe noma yimuphi ubuhlobo lomthetho ashukumisayo, futhi kuphela ezinye zazo zingabantu okunzima, lapho abahlanganyeli musa ukushintsha isimo labo elisemthethweni. Ngokwesibonelo, sinake zamalungelo neembopho umuntu zomthetho ubudlelwane phakathi kwakhe bentela. Kulokhu, bentela imperatively kudinga ukuhambisana nomthetho izimali inhlangano. Lobu budlelwano, uyobanika avuke kuphela imisebenzi esemthethweni futhi akwakhi namalungelo akhe.

into

Ngamanye amazwi - isisekelo. Into Akukhona ukubukeka izaba, ushintsho noma ukuqedwa ubuhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, e inkontileka efanayo ukudayiswa kuncike izenzo umkhiqizo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kukhona nombono ohlukile mayelana lento. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi into ukuziphatha abahlanganyeli abahlangabezana noma ngaphakathi okuqukethwe zomthetho (duty zomthetho futhi onelungelo elingokomthetho).

Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke kanye Isihlobo

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ngaphansi ngokuphelele libhekisela ubuhlobo lapho zendaba okuphikisana i isibalo esingapheliyo abanye abahlanganyeli. Ngokwesibonelo, ubunikazi bakho imoto - eyodwa, futhi abantu kufanele bahloniphe futhi ingangqubuzani, i isibalo esingapheliyo.

Ngakho, kuleli hlobo ubudlelwano obusemthethweni kuchazwa ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Bonke abanye abahlanganyeli basuke noma akachaziwe nhlobo, noma ngokufingqiwe. Ngakho, ngo-abasebenzi ngokuhlangana futhi inhloko yabangamashumi yokugcina kumelwe imiyalo kuphela labo bantu abasendaweni umyalo wakhe. Ubudlelwano isihlobo lisikisela ecacile Ukwakheka ndaba, isibonelo, umdayisi A no umthengi B

Kubasekeli futhi sohlangothi olulodwa

Noma ibuphi ubuhlobo kudinga khona izifundo okungenani ezimbili, kodwa isibalo izinhlangothi kuchazwa ngenye indlela. Cabanga-deed of isipho, okuyinto ukuthengiselana zomthetho. Ukuze ukuzinikela kwakhe kanye nokubhekelelwa izidumbu eliyigunya isidingo sangempela kuyintando kulolu hlangothi - ophayo. Yiqiniso, pha ungenqaba ukwamukela into noma kwesokudla, kodwa isivumelwano kuzoxoxwa njengoba baphetha isikhathi lapho donor ukuveza inhloso yayo ukuze uthumele noma yini indoda. ubudlelwano maKristu abizwa eyodwa emaceleni, ungesinye isibonelo somuntu ifa, lapho testator inquma kuphela yini isiphetho impahla yakhe.

Ukuthengiselana lapho kuzodinga izinhlangano ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, ngokuthi kubasekeli. Ekuphetheni ube yisivumelwano esibhaliwe ke sisayinwe amaqembu, okuyinto isiqinisekiso isiphelo sako. Kumele baqonde ukuthi ngaphansi ubudlelwane kubasekeli Angiqondile kuphela inkontileka. Ngakho, ubudlelwane zomphakathi, bathambekele kuphakama futhi khona ngaphakathi sebuningini amalungu, okungase cishe ihlukaniswe benawo amandla abhubhise labo abangenandaba amalungelo anjalo.