UNongorwana Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Webutho Order of St Georgiya Pobedonostsa

Mhlawumbe umklomelo abahlonishwa kakhulu ibutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi Order Military Engcwele Omkhulu Martyr George le Olunqobayo. Yaqala iNdlovukazi uCatherine II ekupheleni Novemba 1769. Khona-ke ngosuku base-oda kugujwa Petersburg. Kusukela manje wayengumuntu ukuba kugujwe njalo ngonyaka, hhayi kuphela eNkantolo Imperial, kodwa obungenza lapho Knight iGrand Cross. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i the Order of St George kwaba ngokomthetho ngaphansana Andrew, kodwa ojenene ngandlela-thile kangcono baziswa ungowokuqala kubo.

usanta

On ukusungulwa udumisa luyingxenye lempi ngesikhathi sakhe wakhuluma ngisho uPetru mina, kodwa eyenziwa umqondo wakhe, njengoba wazi, uCatherine II. Order of St George kwaba umxhasi. ukuphila kwakhe nezenzo ezichazwe encwadini yezinganekwane eziningi nama-legends, kuhlanganise legend owaziwa, kanye ukukhululwa inkosazana enhle kusukela dragon sethusa futhi okubi noma inyoka. Ngokuthakazelisayo, hhayi kuphela e Kievan Rus, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu eziMpini Zenkolo, lokhu saint ukuthi uhlonishwa kakhulu ezempi.

Ngokokuqala ngqá isithombe Georgiya Pobedonostsa uvele on uphawu umsunguli eMoscow - Yuri Dolgoruky, njengoba lokhu kwakubhekwa ukholo ka abavikela yakhe. Kamuva lesi sithombe njengoba umgibeli, eshaya nge nesijula yakhe inyoka, waqala ukuhlobisa elingenamikhono izingalo yenhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.

Isizathu ukunikezwa

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekuqaleni Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa yayihloselwe kuphela esigabeni sabaphathi phezulu Empire Russian. Kamuva, uCatherine II lakhetha ukulula isikhathi uhla abambalwa of ukhishwa kubo, ukuze uqwembe lahlukaniswa laba 4 degrees. Wanikwa isiqubulo esithi "Ukuze inkonzo nesibindI." Ngemva kwalokho, i the Order of St Georgiya Pobedonostsa yadluliselwa kuphela Merit Military kuya wobaba izikhulu abafeza feat ukuthi saletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kanye impumelelo ephelele.

incazelo

Lezi amabheji zazihlukile nomunye. UNongorwana Georgiya Pobedonostsa ngezinga 1st iGrand Cross kwaba igolide inkanyezi emine ezicijile, eyenziwe ngendlela rhombus. Kwakuthinta enamathiselwe kuze kufike ohlangothini lwesobunxele kwesifuba. Cross Class 1st ukuthi ezigugile ohlangothini esifanayo hip, ezimthende orange akhethekile black iribhoni. Phezu iyunifomu yayo ezigugile uzolisebenzisa ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kuphela futhi ngezinsuku zeviki wayekade zazifihlwa ngaphansi iyunifomu yakhe, ne kube semikhawulweni iribhoni ngesiphambano ake aphume nohlangothi ekhethekile slotted.

Ibheji ye-Order of St George sika 2 nd degree - kungcono esiphambanweni okwakudingeka egqokwa entanyeni, ku-Ribbon emincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba owedlule degree imiklomelo, ayenakho inkanyezi ezine olucijile. Oda ekilasini lesithathu kwaba x omncane, okuyinto okufanele zigqokwe entanyeni. The umklomelo we degree 4th enamathiselwe tape e buttonhole yakhe.

Igolide inkanyezi nedayimani ophakathi nge ayindilinga obumnyama ezenziwe kuye ngamazwi athi "Ukuze inkonzo nesibindi," futhi phakathi kwawo - inkambu ophuzi esibonisa igama monogram of St George. Ngu-oda wemikhakha ethenjwayo nelinganayo-cross ekunwetshweni enisemikhawulweni. enamathela Its koqweqwe lwawo elimhlophe emaphethelweni - a usebe igolide. Esikhathini medallion emaphakathi ibekwe ijazi eMoscow izikhali: isiliva zempi Saint Georgiy Pobedonosets, ohlezi ehhashini futhi esabulala inyoka, futhi ohlangothini reverse - ebhokisini esimhlophe cipher efanayo inkanyezi.

The umklomelo we idigri yokuqala

Order of the Holy Omkhulu Pobedonostsa Georgiya, futhi ngakho ahlonishwe, ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhona kumaka ekilasini 1st yanikezwa abantu abangu-25 kuphela. Kula mabutho lokuqala, singabali uCatherine II, kwaba Field Marshal Rumyantsev. Yena waklonyeliswa Order 1770 ukunqoba zempi ngesikhathi Larga. I last - Grand Duke UNikolai Senior ngo-1877, i-ukuthunjwa Plevna futhi ukunqotshwa ibutho Osman Pasha. Ngo nekwetfula le ephezulu uvuza aphansi eside ukhishwa.

Ngezimpawu namasevisi kuya Russian Empire Order of St Georgiya Pobedonostsa ngezinga 1st wanikezwa, kodwa futhi bamazwe bakhe bezinye izizwe hhayi kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, ibheji udumo isigaba esiphakeme ngokuqhubeka kweminyaka lithole inkosi yaseSweden Carl XIV, marshal wangaphambili yebutho sikaNapoleon, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal Britain Wellington, Prince Louis waseFrance Angouleme, Austria Field Marshal Yozef Radetsky, German uMbusi Wilhelm mina , nabanye.

Oda besigaba sesibili

It ukhishwa abantu 125. I knight sokuqala ngqá le ndondo baba uLieutenant General P. abashana e-1770, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - yebutho isiFulentshi, Jikelele uFerdinand Foch ngo-1916 ukuze bathole impumelelo operation Verdun.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-sonke isikhathi Yokuqala World Order of St Georgiya Pobedonostsa neze ngezinga 1st omnikeza. Kodwa 2nd ekilasini imiklomelo bakwazi ukuzuza servicemen Russian ezine kuphela. Kwakumelwe Grand Duke UNikolai Jr., ngaleso sikhathi owayese umkhuzi induna yebutho Russian, kanye izinduna izimpi - ojenene Ivanov, uNikolai Ruza noN Yudenich. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke owokugcina wabo, okwathi ngemva 1917 oholwa ukunyakaza White engxenyeni enyakatho ntshonalanga yeRussia.

Esikhathini Okokuqala Umhlaba Judenich walwa impi Turkish ngezihluthu Caucasian. Oda Georgiya Pobedonostsa degree yakhe yokuqala 4-th, wazakhela phakathi Sarikamish ukusebenza, nokuyinto eyaphela ngo-January 1915. Ukulandela Jikelele walo imiklomelo futhi wathola elwa abaseTurkey: grade 3rd - I-ukunqotshwa ibutho isitha, futhi 2nd - I-ukuthunjwa Erzerum kanye Virgin-Beynskoy isikhundla.

By the way, kwathi ukuba N. penultimate Yudenich Knight webutho Order of the degree 2nd kanye umklomelo zakamuva ezivela phakathi izakhamuzi Russian. Njengoba abantu bakwamanye amazwe, Order of St George Uthole abantu ababili kuphela: jikelele French Zhozef Zhoffr noFerdinand Foch, okwakubekelwa eshiwo ngenhla.

Okwesithathu Class-oda

Lo mklomelo wanikwa abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu ayisithupha. I Knight lokuqala Order waba uLieutenant Colonel F. Fabritsian ngo-1769. Phakathi Umhlaba 3rd degree ukhishwa 60 letihloniphekile, phakathi okwakukhona nalab 'ojenene eyaziwa ngokuthi L. Kornilov, N. Judenich, F. Keller, A. Kaledin, A.Denikin noN Dukhonin.

Phakathi Yombango, Order of St George 3rd degree waphawula amasosha feat abayishumi zihlukaniswa ngokwabo impi phakathi kwababusi ukunyakaza White ngokumelene ibutho amaBolshevik. Lena Admiral Alexander Kolchak, uMajor General S. Wojciechowski futhi uLieutenant General uVladimir Kappel futhi H. Wierzbicki.

Order of the degree wesine

Londoloza izibalo out Ukukhishwa kwalesi umklomelo kuphela 1813. Phakathi nale nkathi, Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa waklonyeliswa e 1195 kwabesilisa. Ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ke bathola okungaphezu 10,5-15 ayizinkulungwane. Isiphathamandla. Ngokuyisisekelo eyakhishwa isikhathi esithile ebuthweni lezempi, futhi kusukela 1833, futhi ngokubamba iqhaza okungenani eyodwa yezimpi. Ngisho 22 kweminyaka ukhishwa Order of St George degree angu-4 th i service lihle futhi zonke kukhanselwe. I knight wokuqala, bese lesi sibonakaliso isibe isihloko Russian Prime Major RL isizinda Patkul e 1770 nokucindezela yokuhlubuka Polish.

Lo mklomelo owesilisa ukulwa beziphawuleka ngaphandle Umbusikazi uCatherine II, efana abasunguli Order, kwaphuma abesifazane ababili. Eyokuqala wabo - Maria Sofia Amalie, Indlovukazi Sicilies ababili. Wahlanganyela emkhankasweni wempi ngokumelene Garibaldi futhi ngenxa yosizo lwakhe waklonyeliswa Order of the degree 4th ngo-1861.

Owesifazane wesibili waklonyeliswa RM Ivanova. Wakhonza Russian Army Nawodadewabo-Charity ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. feat wakhe kwaba iqiniso lokuthi ngemva kokufa bonke abasebenzi umyalo ubuholi inkampani ke ithathe. It waklonyeliswa kwakhe, inqobo owesifazane uye bashona ngenxa yokulimala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i the Order of St George degree angu-4 th ukhishwa kanye nenani abamele abefundisi lempi. Eyokuqala Knight-umpristi baba Vasily Vasilkovsky umklomelo ngokuba nesibindi siqu impi ka Maloyaroslavets futhi Vitebsk. Phakathi XIX futhi XX ekuqaleni kwekhulu, oda wamnikela omunye izikhathi 17 phezu, ne umklomelo wokugcina kwaba ngo-1916.

Knights of Order Georgiya Pobedonostsa

Eyokuqala abathola lesi umklomelo ophakeme wayengumholi uColonel FI Fabritsian, owakhonza 1st Grenadier Regiment. Wazehlukanisa ku Storming ka Galati, okwenzeka ekuqaleni Disemba 1769. Wethula degree 3rd okungavamile.

Were abanikazi egcwele Order of St Georgiya Pobedonostsa, ukhishwa wonke amakilasi amane. It Izikhulu M. B. Barklay de Tolly futhi MI Golinischev-Kutuzov-Smolensky namagrafu ezimbili - I. I. Dibich-Zabalkansky futhi Paskevich-Erivan. Phakathi ukhishwa lokhu umehluko kwakungamadodana autocrats Russian. Ngaphezu asungula yayo Order of idatha uCatherine II esinalo ngamazinga ahlukene, bonke ababusi okwalandela, ngaphandle kukaPawulu I.

amalungelo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Order wamnikela George le Olunqobayo wanika zabanikazi eziningi amalungelo kanye nenzuzo. Azizange zivunyelwe ukuba zihlangane ukwenza inhlama-sum izinkokhelo yengcebo + njengoba kwakuyisiko ekukhiqizeni amanye imiklomelo ephezulu. Babefanele Unelungelo lokugqoka umfaniswano wezempi, ngisho noma abazange ugazi baba isikhathi seminyaka eyishumi.

Knights of yimuphi oda idatha ngempela okulungiselelwe izikhulu sitholwa njengefa. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1849 bonke amagama abo kuyongenwa kwi zemabula qwembe ekhethekile hung ku St George Hall of the Kremlin Palace. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezo izikole lapho ngaphambili wafunda namanenekazi, endaweni udumo kufanele hung ekumeni kwabo.

Ukuze Heroes siphinde sihlinzekele nezinhlelo ezihlanganisa ukukhokhelwa impesheni impilo yonke. Madoda Okudala zonke degrees etholwe ruble ngonyaka 150 ayizinkulungwane 1.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungelo enwetshiwe ukuba abafelokazi babo: abesifazane bangathola impesheni babayeni bawo oshonile ngisho unyaka wonke.