UN Umlando of Creation kanye neSakhiwo

I-United Nations njengoba uhlelo savela isikhathi esanele eside. Umsuka we-UN waqala emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule. It yadalwa njengendlela ezosetshenziswa ukuphathwa ephumelelayo umphakathi womhlaba wonke. umlando UN kwaba izigaba indalo.

Izinhlangano lokuqala kwezinhlaka zikahulumeni ngamazwe sebeqalile ukukuqaphela ukuma phakathi nekhulu-nesishiyagalolunye. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kwabangelwa kumiswa emva nokuvukela kwanoma uthi ukufuna ukuzimela, kanye impumelelo yentuthuko engokwesayensi neyezobuchwepheshe, okwaholela ubuhlobo uthi. umlando UN sokudalwa buvezwa lezi zici.

Ukuhlanganisa izinqubo aseqalile ukungena umnotho emazweni amaningi athuthukile eYurophu. Kule ndaba, futhi kwakukhona indlela entsha ezinjalo nobudlelwano phakathi isimo njengoba izinhlangano ezilawulwa.

I-UN inomlando puzzle eziningi. Imibuzo eminingi mayelana ukubonakala kwawo kuze kube namuhla ahlale impikiswano. Umlando kwekhulu lamashumi amabili owaqala ngokuvukela izimpi, kuhlanganise ezimbili zezwe. Lokhu kuye kwaholela isifiso lamazwe ukudala inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe akuyona kwezomnotho, ukuthambekela zezombusazwe ukuze kuvinjelwe kungenzeka izimpi esizayo. Okusalungiswa lokuqala uhlelo kwenziwa uma qale iNhlangano Yezizwe (1919). Nokho, ihlulekile ukufakazela ekulenzeni libe namandla. Lokhu kwaba sobala kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili. Lokhu impi iye zafaka umfutho onamandla ukuze isinyathelo omphakathi kanye nohulumeni kule nhlangano sokuthula nokulondeka.

Namanje iphikisane nayo ngokuthi ubani yilona lokuqala umbimbi wenza isiphakamiso ukusungulwa kwe-United Nations. umlando UN sokudalwa kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa mlando zaseNtshonalanga owaqala ngokuvukela Atlantic Charter, Roosevelt futhi Churchill, esasayinwa ngo-1941, ku-14 Agasti. ososayensi Soviet kufanele ubheke le dokhumenti njengoba isimemezelo Soviet-Polish 1941 ngo-December 4.

Akukho ukungavumelani phakathi odabeni lokho yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu ekudalweni eNhlangano yeziZwe waqala ngo-1943. Okthoba 30 ngonyaka ofanayo, isimemezelo esasayinwa abameleli USA, eU.SSR, China ne-UK. IsiNqumo lesi wamemezela itlhogeko ukusungula inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe jikelele, ogama Inhloso silondoloze ukuphepha nokuthula ngezinga lomhlaba wonke. IsiNqumo lesi phezu ukulingana bazo zonke izizwe abathanda ukuthula futhi ilungelo lawo lokubamba iqhaza kudalwa emazweni International Union.

kakhulu Isinqumo ukusungula yeziZwe senziwa ngesikhathi lenkomfa Yalta eCrimea, abaholi anti-Hitler kaolitsiya. Yayisayinwe Iosif Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt futhi sathathwa uWinston Churchill. Kwakuphakathi nalesi inkomfa, owawusedolobheni 4-11 February 1945 abangu washayelwa izimiso eziyisisekelo imisebenzi UN, kunqunywa isimo sawo futhi imisebenzi.

umlando UN sendalo kanye nesakhiwo wasebenza kancane kancane. Kakade ngaphansi Charter UN isungule izitho eziyisisekelo umzimba wonke. Kuyinto General Assembly, nguMkhandlu we- Trusteeship, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha, kaNobhala Court of Justice, UMkhandlu wezoMnotho kanye nezeNhlalakahle International.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho-sisekelo avunyelwe ngemvumo-General Assembly ukusungula enye inhlangano self-ephethwe. Ngaphansi lento, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha wasungula ibutho yokugcinwa.

Ngo-April 1945, i-San Francisco owawuse inkomfa UN ukuthuthukisa sisekelo. Lokhu yahanjelwa izihambeli ezivela emazweni 50. Ngokusemthethweni, usomqulu Waqala ukusebenza Okthoba 24, 1945, ngakho-ke lokhu usuku kubhekwa usuku lokuzalwa eNhlangano yeziZwe.

Kusukela ngo-1946, lapho esebenza khona umzimba ekhethekile - UNESCO (Umhlaba Inhlangano eNhlangano yeziZwe ezindabeni isayensi, amasiko nezemfundo), esemgwaqweni e-Paris.

Ngo-1948, i-General Assembly zamukela i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights, eyayibonakala lelipelwe wonke amalungelo awo wonke umuntu, kubandakanya amalungelo oluyisisekelo lempilo, lenkululeko, nokuvikeleka komuntu, yangasese, kanjalonjalo.

Ngo-1948 i-UN wadala umsebenzi okhethekile ukuze kuvikeleke izilwane ezisengozini nezitshalo, ngawo umlando Encwadi Red uqalise.

Namuhla, i-UN kuhlanganisiwe amazwe 192.