Uphethiloli ukuminyana

Isilinganiso isisindo into umthamo yayo noma isisindo salo per unit umthamo libizwa kwabantu. Konke izinto kuyehluka futhi kuncike imvelo kanye nokusungulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-amanzi ahlanzekile ilingana cishe 1,003 g / cm3, futhi Marine - 1,025 g / cm3. Futhi, lolu ubuningi ngokomzimba kungaphansi umthetho additivity. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana kwabantu ingxube multicomponent (okuyinto, isibonelo, uphethiloli) kuyinto ilingana nenani lezinombolo imikhiqizo izici ingxenye ngalinye isisindo sayo ingxenyenamba: ρsmesi = Σρi • ci. Indlela yokubala ingasetshenziswa ukudala aziwayo, kanye kulezo zimo lapho kungadingeki ukucacisa kwabantu uphethiloli ngobuciko eliphezulu. Omunye ethile indlela design - kushuba eqolo ngoba ukuzimisela ingxenye ngayinye. Kudinga ezibizayo chromatographic imishini kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, njengoba uwoyela brand ngamunye elinesimo kokuhlukana ebanzi amasethi inani elikhulu ngamunye, compounds okungcono organic (hydrocarbon).

Ukwakheka qualitative ambalwa ukuthi ukhiqiza kwabantu fuel kuyehluka futhi kuncike impahla eluhlaza kanye indlela zobuchwepheshe ukuze kusetshenziswe. Inkhulumo lelungiselelwe Brands ahlukahlukene by ngqo petroleum ziphuzo zazihluzwa, ukuguqula, isomerization, alkylation, kwemifantu okhanda amanye amathuba. Gasoline siqukethe ogxile ingxube ka paraffins, naphthenes futhi olefins. Njengamanje, emave lamanyenti etfule imikhawulo okuqukethwe hydrocarbon enamakha olefins. Lesi simo sibangelwa nezimfuneko zemvelo kanye nesidingo kunciphisa kukhishwa ekwakhekeni, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa yokubakhona benzene zokubasa kanye ethylene uchungechunge compounds, ngokuvamile aqukethe uphethiloli. Umkhiqizo ukuminyana, inombolo octane zazo luyanda ngenxa Aromatics ngokuvamile kunakunoma uphethiloli nge okuqukethwe eliphansi benzene futhi homologues yayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo osuphelile ingaqukatha izithasiselo ekhethekile. Futhi kuthinte kwabantu uphethiloli. Ngokwesibonelo, oxygenates, ezifana ethanol, vumela ukuba ukwandisa nekusebenta omlilo nokwehlisa lokuhlushwa i-carbon monoxide ku amagesi qeda. NeMithethonqubo iziqondiso zobuchwepheshe ibhizinisi inquma izingxenye ezingaba ukungezwa nophethiloli. Okwamanje ezweni lakithi kukhona imibhalo embalwa, normalizing izinga motor yokubasela izimoto uphethiloli izinjini.

Interstate ejwayelekile GOST 2184-77 selikhishiwe ngo-February 2003, nokuchitshiyelwa 1-6 kwi-1981, 1983, 1984, 1990, 1997 no-2002, kanye izichibiyelo ezimbili kusukela 2000 no-2001, it is obonwa 10 uthi - .. I-republic wangaphambili i-USSR. Esikhathini Russian Federation, nezimfuneko zawo zisebenza kuphela unleaded umkhiqizo A-76. uphethiloli Wugqinsi at 20 ° C ngokuvumelana STATE samanje akuyona ezilungisiwe, kodwa nenchazelo iyadingeka ngaphambi ukuthunyelwa umthengi. Ukuze izindlela le njongo pycnometrically hydrometric futhi ukuhlolwa, echazwe nge GOST 3900-85.

standard State wezwe lakithi GOST 51105-97 (kuye kwanyatheliswa ngo-1999 no-2000, izinguquko inombolo 1 nenombolo 2.) Ingabe isetshenziswa 01.01.1999 futhi osebenza ku unleaded motor uphethiloli, okuyinto, kuye ukubaluleka inombolo octane iwela brand: Super 98 Premium 95 avamile 92 njalo 91, 80. i kwabantu okuvamile uphethiloli kanye neminye imikhiqizo 92 RON 91 kuya ku-98 is zilandele izilinganiso ezithile at 15 ° c futhi uhla kusuka kg 725 kuya 780 / m3. Ukuze umkhiqizo grade Jwayelekile 80 ke ziyahlukahluka kusuka kg 700 kuya 750 / M3. Lesi sici kunqunywa usebenzisa hydrometer indlela yokuhlola ngokuvumelana GOST 51069-97.

Okunye ejwayelekile kazwelonke - GOST R 51886-2002 - ophasiswe WaseRussia, 01.07.2002, 01.07.2008 kanye naye beza inombolo ushintsho 1. idokhumenti sifana evamile EN 228-2004 baseYurophu, usebenza unleaded uphethiloli brand Super Euro -98 kanye Euro-95 Premium. Basuke izimpawu inombolo octane ka 98 no-95 ngokulandelana. I kwabantu kokubili uphethiloli amamaki at 15 ° C ngo-uhla 720-750 kg / M3, kunqunywa ngokuvumelana GOST 51069-97 hydrometric indlela.

Yini eyabangela isidingo ukunquma ukuminyana kukaphethiloli motor? Okokuqala, lesi silinganiso ngokungaqondile ephawula indlela yokwakheka umkhiqizo futhi osiza ekuboneni ukuthi ungubani-ke. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kwabantu elinganisiwe kuyinto 0,980 kg / M3 noma 0,650 kg / M3, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi akusiwona uphethiloli, namanye umkhiqizo. Futhi, ukuminyana uphethiloli kabanzi lisetshenziswe umkhuba: ngokwazi inani umkhiqizo ngethangi esikhulu, esingenakubalwa kuhlaziywe, ukubala isisindo salo by yanda ngezinkulungwane kwabantu ivolumu. Okunjalo indlela okuthiwa engaqondile nalokho nezimfuneko yakhiwa GOST 8.595-2004. Kala izinga lokushisa kanye nezinga umkhiqizo kwesigubhu futhi umthamo yayo yabalelwa. Phuma isampula iphuzu ngokuhambisana GOST 2517-85, munye, futhi ukunquma ukuminyana ngokuvumelana GOST 51069-97 futhi GOST 3900-85. Imiphumela nesilinganiso kuholele izimo okujwayelekile (lokushisa 15 kuya ku-20 ° C), kuphela emva kwalokho, lezi zimiso zisetshenziselwa ukubala nenqwaba umkhiqizo kwesigubhu.