"Uqalekisiwe Izinsuku" Bunin: Isifinyezo by isahluko

Ukufunda "Uqalekisiwe Izinsuku" (Bunin, isifinyezo elandelayo ngezansi), ungahlosile ukubamba wena ucabanga ukuthi eRussia ukushintsha "izinsuku baqalekisiweyo" woza engapheli entsha, akukho ngaphansi "Damned" ... Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga babukeka ukuba abahlukile, kodwa essence yabo izinsalela esifanayo - ukubhujiswa, desecration, ukuhlukunyezwa, isimo sokugxeka futhi histrionics engapheli ukuthi musa ukubulala, ngemva kokufa - akuyona umphumela okubi kakhulu kulesi simo, futhi ngeke okhubazekile umphefumulo, nokuguqula ukuphila ukufa kancane ngaphandle amagugu, ngaphandle imizwa nge wokulahlekelwa makhulu eyodwa kuphela. Ezethusayo, lapho kucatshangwa ukuthi kwenzeka okufanayo umphefumulo oyedwa. Futhi uma sicabange ukuthi "igciwane" liphindaphindeke futhi lisakazeka, zokuthelela izigidi imiphefumulo, kwase kuphele amashumi eminyaka ekubhubhiseni sonke isizwe konke okuhle futhi esiyigugu? Kakhulu.

Moscow, 1918

Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1918 kuya kuJanuwari 1920, umlobi olukhulu eRussia Bunin Ivan Alekseevich ( "Izinsuku Uqalekisiwe") eqoshiwe ngesimo idayari - briefs bukhoma wesimanje - konke okwakwenzeka phambi kwamehlo akhe eRussia post-wamavukelambuso, zonke izinto ukuthi wayenomuzwa wokuthi ukukhathazeka ukuthi baye bahlupheka futhi lokho esele yokuphila kwakhe neze Babelana - ubuhlungu Amazing ngenxa yezwe lakubo.

Irekhodi kokuqala kwenziwa wokuqala ngo-January 1918. Omunye "sizolahla" ngonyaka ngemuva, kodwa akukho injabulo, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ukuthi iRussia elinde ngaphezulu. Ukuba Nethemba Lokuhle akuyona, ngisho malomalski noma iliphi ithemba lokuphumelela ukubuya "ukuqhubeka inqubo" noma kunalokho ushintsho ukuncibilika kangcono nge usuku ngalunye. Ngo ingxoxo umbhali polotorami acaphuna a "abacaphuni", ukuthi namuhla uNkulunkulu yedwa owaziyo ukuthi nge sonke kuyoba ... Phela basemajele, zengqondo izibhedlela ezikhishwe izigebengu futhi lunatics ukuthi izilwane zabo ngokomzwelo wemvelo wezwa iphunga igazi, amandla okungenamingcele ndaba zalutho. "Mina silahle iNkosi", wawa esihlalweni sobukhosi, futhi manje run by isizwe esikhulu, futhi kwande expanses enkulukazi Russia: e Simferopol, wathi amasosha futhi abasebenzi Bajeziselwa ngokungakhethi, "nje afika emadolweni e ekuhambeni igazi." Futhi kunazo zonke - kukhona abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi izigidi zabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi ngeke benze lutho ...

ukungakhethi

Siyaqhubeka isifinyezo ( "Izinsuku Uqalekisiwe" Bunin IA). Hhayi nje umphakathi, kokubili eRussia futhi eYurophu usegxeke umbhali ngaphandle kwekutsatsa luhlangotsi izahlulelo zakhe mayelana lezo zenzakalo, ethi sikhathi kuphela kungaba nokungakhethi inhloso ekuhloleni Russian Revolution. Zonke lezi ukuhlaselwa Bunin waphendula ngokungananazi - ukungakhethi ngomqondo ngqo izwi cha, futhi akusoze kwaphumelela, futhi "noma ukuchema kuzo" yakhe ngokusebenzisa ukuhlupheka kubo kuleyo minyaka ezimbi, lokhu kuphazanyiswa kakhulu ukuthi akusilo sokungakhethi.

Anakho zonke kwesokudla futhi inzondo nentukuthelo, nentukuthelo ukulahlwa. Kulula ukuba "ukubekezela isithwathwa" uma ubuka yesehlakalo kusuka ekhoneni kude, futhi niyazi ukuthi akukho muntu futhi akukho lutho ongabhubhisa wena noma, okubi kakhulu, abhubhise isithunzi sakho, zigoga umphefumulo angaziwa ... Futhi lapho uzithola phakathi izenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu uma ushiya indlu futhi abazi, buya ephilayo lapho azixoshwanga efulethini lakhe, lapho indlala uma kunikezwa "ngoba namagremu bhisikidi", "pozhuesh kubo - nephunga umphefumulo Infernal burns" lapho ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba okungabekezeleleki kakhulu azilutho uma iqhathaniswa IU engqondo aniyami futhi engaphezi uyakhathaza, uthatha konke wayengenawo namancane ubuhlungu kusukela lokuthi "izingane nabazukulu bezifundo zethu ngeke ukwazi ukucabanga ukuthi izwe, umbuso, eRussia, lapho sasizanelisa khona (isb izolo) siphile, thina akudingeki siwulindele zenani, abaqondi - wonke la mandla, eyinkimbinkimbi, ukujula, injabulo ... ", lo" uthando "ngeke ngeke, futhi kuba ngaleyo ndlela esilinganisweni okuhle nokubi kweqiniso.

Imizwa nemizwelo

Yebo, "Izinsuku Uqalekisiwe" Bunin ku Isifingqo nayo igcwele incithakalo, ukucindezeleka kanye nokungabekezelelani. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo owandile incazelo abantu leyo minyaka, izenzakalo futhi siqu isimo sabo sangaphakathi upende omnyama ungaboniswa futhi kufanele ayiswe uphawu "lokususa", isibonakaliso "plus". Black nomhlophe ukucinga indikimba yendaba, elingenalo elikhanyayo, imibala ayegcwele, ngokomzwelo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezijulile futhi izacile. Black inki nenzondo Russian Revolution amaBolshevik eqhweni ezimanzi ezimhlophe, "lemva kubo isikole uhambe - ubuhle nenjabulo" - lena-contrast kabuhlungu enhle, kokubili okuxhunyanwa nokunyanyisa, besabe, okwamanje, ne lutho ifaniswe uthando wobaba futhi inkolelo yokuthi ngokushesha noma kamuva "ngumuntu ongcwele", "umakhi, namandla high" ngeke akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba kakhulu "ruffian" futhi "ngumbhubhisi" umphefumulo abantu Russian.

Abantu besikhathi

Incwadi "Izinsuku Uqalekisiwe" (Bunin Ivan) ugcwele, ngisho egcwele, izitatimende nombhali mayelana besikhathi sakhe: Blok, Gorky, Himmer, Sukhanov, Mayakovsky, Bryusov, Tikhonov ... Izahlulelo, ikakhulukazi engenamusa, kabuhlungu. bahluleka IA Bunin ukuqonda, ukwamukela futsi sibatsetselele "prihlebatelstvo" ngaphambi kokuba iziphathimandla ezingamaPutukezi entsha. Yini engase ibe kunjalo phakathi othembekile, indoda ekhaliphile futhi amaBolshevik?

Yiziphi uhlobano phakathi amaBolshevik futhi lonke inkampani - Tikhonov, Gorky, Himmer, Sukhanov? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, basuke "olwisana" nabo, obala wababiza ngokuthi "inkampani bamazwe," ngubani ngenxa amandla, sakubhuqa icashe "the izimfuno zabasebenzi Russian" uvukela lokhokho futhi "ashaqisayo sobukhosi singenamuntu we Romanovs." Futhi ngakolunye? Futhi ngakolunye - eziphilayo "ekhaya" e amaSoviet requisitioned "National Ihhotela" ezindongeni ekumeni of Lenin futhi Trotsky, futhi ngezansi - lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela amasosha futhi ikhishwe sihamba kwamaBolshevik "Usigaxamabhande."

Bryusov, Blok, Mayakovsky, wajoyina obala amaBolshevik, futhi benza, ngokuvumelana umbhali, abantu eziwubuwula. Nge intshiseko efanayo touted njengoba autocracy futhi Bolshevism. Umkhiqizo wabo "elula enhle ', kuba" kocingo izincwadi. " Kodwa ukucindezeleka kakhulu ukuthi "ucingo" ukuthi uba igazi izihlobo cishe zonke izincwadi Russian, ke kwakuvikela uma kungesona sonke Russia ngokulambisa. Ethusayo eyodwa - uyoke kwenzeke ngaphansi kocingo ukuphuma? Kugcine, Mayakovsky ayikwazi baziphathe ngokufanele, kudingeka sonke isikhathi ukuba 'abekezelela "sengathi" ukuzimela siluhlaza "futhi" stoerosovaya neqondile lokwahlulela "lubaluleke" izingxenye "ithalente.

Lenin

Siyaqhubeka isifinyezo - "Uqalekisiwe Izinsuku" Bunin Ivan Alekseevich. inzondo ekhethekile mkhiqizo afuthwe ngesibulali umfanekiso Lenin. Umbhali akusho skimp on epithets ngokucijile negative ngokumelene "umholi kwamaBolshevik" - "azinakwa", "con", "O, lokho isilo" ... hhayi nje ukukhuluma, amapheshana onogada azungeze umuzi ukuthi Lenin futhi Trotsky - evamile " Bastards ", amambuka, ebathenga amaJalimane angasiboni. Kodwa Bunin hhayi kakhulu kholwa la amahemuhemu. Ubona kuzo "abashiseka ngokweqile", piously kholwa "kwamalangabi emhlabeni", kodwa zimbi kakhulu, ngoba ngokweqile - kukhona frenzy, imidlinzo, kususa imingcele enengqondo futhi ngokubeka esisekelweni kuphela into simthande yakhe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwesaba, futhi ukubhujiswa ngaphandle kwemibandela ngokuvuma zonke abasiphikisayo. Lo umkhapheli uJuda uthulisa phansi emva kokuba sesamukele "Ovelele izinhlamvu zesiliva ezingamashumi amathathu, 'futhi oshiseka uya kuze kube sekupheleni. Ubufakazi lokhu kwaba ngokwanele: Russia igcinwe njalo "enkingeni sibhebhezela," akuzange kuwumise ukwesaba, impi yamaqembu esizwe esisodwa, igazi lodlakela wamukela ngoba kubhekwa kuphela izindlela zokufinyelela "Umgomo omkhulu". Lenin ngokwakhe wesaba konke, "njengomlilo", yonke indawo lapho "gobe wacabanga", "sibambe ongezansi" kwamandla abo futhi ukuphila, ngoba akalindele, futhi namanje ayikwazanga ngempela ukukholelwa ukunqoba ngo-Okthoba.

I-Russian revolution

"Uqalekisiwe Izinsuku" Bunin - ukuhlaziywa umkhiqizo akugcini lapha. Muses Abaningi umbhali futhi ngokuyisisekelo inguquko Russian, okuyinto kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umphefumulo nobunjalo abantu isiRashiya, "ngoba uNkulunkulu weqiniso futhi uSathane zithathelwe indawo ezinye njalo eRussia." Ngakolunye uhlangothi Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo zomhlaba inkazimulo Russian "razboynichkami" ezahlukene "poshiba" - ". Izinduku yokuxhuma, Murom, Saratov, yarygi, ababoni bagijimi, ababoni livukela zonke futhi ahlukahlukene, le bahlwanyeli zonke kumpheki: Amanga amathemba engamanga" Ngakolunye - futhi kwaba "ngumuntu ongcwele", lapho umlimi, futhi osebenza kanzima, futhi umakhi. Lokho kwaba "emzabalazweni okuqhubekayo" ne Freaks futhi kubabulali, sithola yokukhulekela ezimangalisayo ezivela "kuzo zonke umpheki, uvukela umbuso zegazi ezibangelwa futhi preposterous" ukuthi kungalindelekile ulinganiswa "umusa omkhulu, izinto ezintsha kanye nokufuna okwakhe amafomu esizayo."

orgy Russian

Yikuphi kwakubangelwa enjalo umbhedo ngamabomu? Ngokwakha umsebenzi Kostomarov, Solovyev phezu Isikhathi Nezinkinga, ecabanga F. M. Dostoevskogo, IA Bunin ubona umsuka zonke izinhlobo izinkathazo, kokungabaza kanye kokuntengantenga eRussia ebumnyameni obungokomoya, intsha wokunganeliseki ukungalingani kwabantu Russian. Russia - ejwayelekile izwe ruffian.

Lapha umlando Russian "izono" eziphuthumayo "Ukuphinda". Phela, kwaba kanye Stenka Razin futhi Pugachev, futhi Kazi-Mulla ... Abantu, njengoba edonswa bomele ubulungiswa, ushintsho okungavamile, inkululeko, ukulingana, shesha nesanda inhlalakahle, futhi abaningi abaqondi ngempela, wasukuma wahamba ngaphansi banner kakhulu abaholi, lzhetsarey, pretenders zokuhaha. Abantu babediniwe, njengoba umthetho, lo onhlobonhlobo, kodwa ekupheleni yimuphi "bacchanalia Russian" zaba kakhulu amasela nombaleki, ukuvilapha, ukugqwala futhi esixukwini esinesiyaluyalu. Akukhona ezibalulekile futhi eside ukhohliwe injongo yokuqala - ukubhubhisa kumila oludala futhi endaweni yayo sokuzakhela esisha. Kunalokho, lidlulisela umqondo kusulwe, futhi esho neziqubulo izohlala kuze kube sekupheleni - kubalulekile ukuba ngandlela-thile bathethelele isiphithiphithi ebumnyameni. Ivunyelwe ukuqedela kwempahla ngokulingana okugcwele, inkululeko ephelele kuzo zonke umthetho, umphakathi kanye inkolo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi abantu yiwayini negazi, kodwa ngakolunye - ngobuso phambi "ngubhongoza," ngoba kancane ukungalaleli umuntu ayenamandla bajeziswe ngokufa istyazatelnoy. "Orgy Russian" okudlula e isikali konke ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe. Scale, "ukungabi nangqondo" kanye ekhethekile, okungenakuqhathaniswa yini abayizimpumputhe, isilo esinonya "unya" lapho "liyangiduduza ndikindiki, kusukela okubi - idedelwa nabo bonke ububi" - lezi izici eziyinhloko inguquko Russian. Futhi waphinda kwavela omningi ...

Odessa, 1919

IA Bunin, "Izinsuku Uqalekisiwe" - isifinyezo sezinto izahluko akugcini lapho. Entwasahlobo ka-1919, umlobi kuhanjiswe ku-Odessa. Nalapha futhi, ukuphila kuba ukulindelwa okuqhubekayo engayodwa eziphuthumayo. E-Moscow, abaningi asalinde amaJalimane, ngokungazi bekholelwa ukuthi angenele ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe Russia ikhulule ke kusukela kwamaBolshevik ebumnyameni. Lapha, Odessa, abantu njalo ukusebenzisa ku Nikolaev Boulevard - kungakhathaliseki, graying kude ngumbhubhisi French. Uma yebo - ke kukhona okungenani ezinye ukuvikelwa, ithemba, futhi uma kungenjalo - horror, iziyaluyalu, yize bese kuzoba ukuphela.

Njalo ekuseni iqala ukufunda amaphephandaba. They are gcwele of amahemuhemu kanye namanga, ke aqoqana kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ucishe, kodwa imvula noma abandayo - konke okufanayo kumbhali agijimele kuyo futhi ukuchitha yonke imali. Lokho Petersburg? Yini e Kiev? Denikin futhi Kolchak? Imibuzo ngaphandle izimpendulo. Esikhundleni kubo - sematheni ememeza: "Lo iRed Army phambili kuphela! Thina omasha ndawonye wanqoba! "Noma" Wozani, othandekayo, ungabali izidumbu! ", Futhi ngezansi kubo elizolile eduze ehlelekile, sengathi kufanele kube, iya amanothi we engapheli sokudubula nezitha zika amaSoviet noma" izixwayiso "mayelana okuseduze amandla ukwehluleka -lokhu kungokuvumela Ukuwohloka ephelele nophethiloli. Hhayi-ke, kulindeleke imiphumela ... Ngenyanga eyodwa, "iphathwa" konke, "akukho kwezitimela, akukho trams, akukho manzi, akukho ukudla, akukho izingubo - lutho"

Idolobhana, kanye ophithizelayo futhi esijabulisayo, esigcwele ebumnyameni, ngaphandle ezindaweni lapho "amafulethi", "zinemiphandu Bolshevist." Lapho, phezulu Chandeliers akhazimula, wezwa balalaika eqotho, zibonakala ezindongeni nezibhengezo omnyama, umuntu okumelwe ahlole ngayo ugebhezi mhlophe futhi esithi: "Ukufa onxiwankulu! Kodwa kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ebusuku kodwa emini. Emgwaqweni kwaphenduka okuncane. Idolobhana akaphili, wonke umuzi omkhulu ihlala ekhaya. Umoya ligcwele umuzwa wokuthi izwe yanqotshwa, beya kwabanye abantu, abanye ekhethekile ", okuyinto ebuhlungu khulu ukudlula noma iyiphi wazibona ngaphambili kuze kube manje. A umnqobi lokhu kokuba ezitaladini, ukudlala inkositini, besina bethi: "uyazifihla mat," esephimisela imbewu, ngidayisa kusukela emathileyi futhi phezu kobuso ke, lo mnqobi, okokuqala kunakho konke, akukho isimiso, kungekho lula. Kuyinto ngokuphelele ngokucijile nenyanyekayo, okwesabisayo abangelwe ubuwula bakhe okubi ubhubhise konke ukuphila kwakhe "Moody okwamanje oyisicashalala" inselele konkhe nabobonkhe ...

"Uqalekisiwe Izinsuku" Bunin isifinyezo: isiphetho

Ezinsukwini zokugcina kuyofika ka-January 1920 I. A. Bunin nomkhaya wakhe ukuba babaleke Odessa. lost Diary amashidi abangu. Ngakho-ke Odessa amanothi benqunywa kulesi sigaba ...

Ekuphetheni, isihloko esithi "" Uqalekisiwe Izinsuku "Bunin: isifinyezo yemisebenzi" Ngifuna ukukunika okuningi abanye amazwi nombhali abantu isiRashiya, ngubani, naphezu kwentukuthelo yakhe, intukuthelo, wayemthanda futhi ahlonishwe ngaphezu kokulinganisa, ngoba kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa Motherland yakhe - Russia . Wathi eRussia kunezinhlobo ezimbili zabantu: owokuqala yayibuswa Russia, nakwezinye - Chud. Kodwa omunye futhi e yesibili kukhona emangalisayo, ngezinye izikhathi ukwesaba changeability uhlale futhi guises, okuthiwa "nedumbe". Kulona, abantu abafana ukhuni, ungaya futhi club, futhi isithonjana. Konke kuncike izimo obani lidabula emthini Emelka Pugachev noma St uSergiyu. I. A. Bunin le "isithonjana" kubonakala ithandiwe. Abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi kuphela uyazondwa. Kodwa akukho. Ulaka, lolu thando kwaba, nokuhlupheka angenamkhawulo okubi okunjalo kusukela okwenzekayo njengamanje kabi. Uyabona, futhi ngeke benze lutho.

Ngaphinde ufuna ukukhumbuza ukuthi isihloko asebenzelana ngayo umsebenzi "" Uqalekisiwe Izinsuku "Bunin. Executive Summary awakwazi ukuveza ubuhlakani nokujula imizwa lombhali, ngakho ke isimo sokufunda amanothi idayari ngokugcwele kuyadingeka.