USergius waseDadonezh: izintambo, izithombe, amathempeli. UZiqu-zintathu LwaseNgcwele LwaseSt. Sergius

USergius waseRadonezh - u-hieromonk weSonto LaseRussia, umsunguli wamasonto, phakathi kwawo oZiqu-zintathu owaziwayo -uSergius Lavra. Le ngcwele ayikho ize okuthiwa umvikeli wezwe laseRussia, wenza yonke imizamo yokuyihlanganisa ngokuziphendulela ngokuqinile kunqoba izitha. Igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa nokuvela kwesiko elingokomoya leRussia Elingcwele, waba ngumsunguli wobuholi baseRussia, lapho eqala ukuvela ezweni, okwaqala u-Anthony noTheodosius omkhulu we-Kiev-Caves. Ekhulwini le-XV, uSergius waseRadonezh wabhaliswa njengosanta. Futhi ngaphambi kokuphendula umbuzo wabaningi, umbuzo wamandla kaSergius waseRadonezh lapho siyikho, sizobe sesiwela emlandweni wokuphila kwalowo ongcwele omkhulu.

Ukuphila

I-Godfather yazalwa ngo-Meyi 3, 1314, emndenini ohloniphayo u-Cyril noMariya (nabo babesebenza ngokugcwele) eRostov. Yiqiniso, igama lakhe kwakunguBartholomew ngaleso sikhathi. INkosi ngokwayo yamkhetha ukuba akhonze abantu. UMariya okhulelwe, emise enkonzweni ethempelini, wavele ngokuzwakalayo ezwa kathathu esibelethweni sakhe ukukhala komntwana, wezwa kokubili abantu abazungezile, nompristi ngokwakhe, owaqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi inceku eqinisweni yokholo lwe-Orthodox yayizozalwa ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi esemusha, uBartholomew wathunyelwa ukuyofunda esikoleni, kodwa inkumbulo ebuthakathaka ayizange imnike ithuba lokufunda kahle. Ngelinye ilanga, ngenkathi ehamba e-grove, wabona umloki omdala, owayebukeka njengengelosi, futhi wambusisa ngokufunda okuhle. UBartholomew wachitha isikhathi esiningi efunda imiBhalo Engcwele, wayefuna ukunikela impilo yakhe kuNkulunkulu futhi abe yisikhumbuzo, kodwa uma nje abazali bakhe bephila, wazibophezela.

Ngokushesha yonke imindeni yabo yasuka eRostov iya eRadonezh, lapho abazali behamba khona ngaphambi kweNkosi ngemva kwesikhathi. Ngo-1337, uBartholomew wanika zonke izinto zakhe futhi, kanye nomfowabo uStefan, owayesevele engumbusi we- Intercession Monastery, wahlala emagqumeni akwaMakovets angenamuntu. Ngokushesha uMfoweth 'wayengakwazi ukuma ukuphila okunzima enkangala yasendle futhi wabuyela kubazalwane emuva.

UBartholomew wasala yedwa, wayeseneminyaka engu-23 ubudala. Kwafika kuye uHeromonomonk Mitrofan, owambusisa ngenxa yezindela ngegama likaSergius.

Ngokuphathelene nomnumzane othanda ukuthandaza ngokushesha wafunda esifundeni, futhi amanye amakholi ayesondela kuye. Bobabili baqala ukwakha ithempeli elincane ngokuhlonipha uZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele. Khona-ke isakhiwo sezindela sakhiwa ngosizo lukaNkulunkulu. USimorensk U-Archimandrite uSimon wababiza ngokukhethekile futhi washiya abazalwane izipho eziyigugu zokukhuliswa kwezindela kanye nokwakhiwa kwesonto elikhulu.

UZiqu-zintathu LwaseNgcwele LwaseSt. Sergius

Kusukela ngo-1355, ngesibusiso sikaPatriciary of Constantinople Philotheus esitodini sikababa uSergius waseRadonezh, kwakhiwa i-charter enhle. Ngokushesha maduze iNdunankulu yeZiqu-zintathu Elingcwele yaba isikhungo samazwe aseMoscow asekelwa izikhulu. Yilapho uSergius waseRadonezh ebusisa uDmitri Donskoi empini yeKukokovo (September 21, 1380).

UMonk Sergius wanikela umphefumulo wakhe eNkosini ngoSeptemba 25, 1392. Walindele lokhu futhi wahlanganisa nabazalwane ngaphambi kokubusisa umfundi wakhe, uMbusi uNacon ohlakaniphile futhi onolwazi, ekugcineni kwakhe.

USergius waseRadonezh wadlala indima enkulu ekubumbeni kweRussia. Wenza okungenakwenzeka - wabuyisanisa ababili ngaleso sikhathi izinkolo ezinonya. Wachazela amaRussia amaVedic ukuthi ukukholwa kuJesu Kristu nobuKristu baseNtshonalanga akusebenzi lutho nokuthi uKristu akazange afundise amaKatolika, ukubhujiswa kwezithombe zeVedic nokushiswa kwabahlukumezekile esigxotsheni. Wachazela wonke umuntu ukuthi akekho nhlobo isikhathi sobutha, lapho ubuKristu obunjalo obuphambene buvela eNtshonalanga. Lawa angamanga-amaKristu ngaphansi kwesigama segama likaKristu enza amacala obuhlungu kakhulu. USergius waseRadonezh wayeyindabuko yangempela ezweni laseRussia, wayehlala ethandazela iRussia, ukuze isitha esicindezelayo somuntu onosizi singasinqobe.

Izindonga ezinamandla zezindela

Esikhathini esidumile saseMongameli weZiqu-zintathu oNgcwele, izindlalifa zesihlalo sobukhosi sobukhosi, uBasil III noJohn the Terrible, babhapathizwa. Ngokushesha le ndolozi yaba yinqaba yokuzivikela, eyayizungezwe izindonga zamatshe ezinezinqaba ezingu-12. U-Ivan the Terrible ngokwakhe wayebheke ukwakhiwa. Konke lokhu kamuva kwafika ngesikhathi esilwela ngokumelene namandla e- False Dmitry II.

Ngo-1608-1609, izwe laseSergiev Posad lachitha inqwaba yempi yamaPoles amaningi ngaphansi kobuholi bukaSapieha noLisovsky. Khona-ke ama-voivods aseRussia ayeyiNkosana G. B. Roshcha-Dolgoruky kanye no-nobleman Alexey Golokhvastov. Babehlala bethandaza futhi bebazi ukuthi uSt. Sergius waseRadonezh uyabasiza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Wayegcina izinhlamvu zakhe njenge-apula esweni lakhe. Ethuneni lendoda endala engcwele wonke umuntu wamanga isiphambano futhi wafunga ukuthi angeke ashiye indawo yokuhlala.

Icon of Sergius Radonezh: yini ewusizo ?

Kunoma iyiphi ithempeli ungathola njalo isithombe seSt. Sergius umdala. Isithonjana sakhe sisinika ukujula, okugcwele ukuthobeka nokuhlakanipha. NgoMeyi 3 / Meyi 16, 2014 kubhalwe usuku olukhulu - iminyaka engu-700 yokuzalwa kukaSt. Sergius waseRadonezh, owayephila njengomuntu ongcwele. Wahlonishwa ngababusi abahlukahlukene, izikhulu, ama-boyars nabantu abavamile.

Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo kulo mbuzo: "Ingabe isithonjana sikaSergius waseRadonezh siyabasiza?" Abantu abanomthandazo oqotho baphendukela ebusweni bukaSaint ukuze bavikele futhi basize ezimweni ezingathandeki zokuphila. Futhi abazali bambuza izingane zabo ukuze bafunde kahle, babe kahle futhi babe nomusa, futhi bangalokothi babe ngaphansi kwethonya elibi lomuntu.

Usizo lwencwadi yomthandazo

Akekho oshiya uMfundisi uSenzo of Radonezh ongenakunyakaziswa: iziqu zakhe zinamandla angaphilisa. Amakhokithi e-monasteri achaza inani elikhulu lamacala okuphulukisa ngokuyisimangaliso.

Wenza wonke umuntu acabange ngokuphila kwakhe futhi azizwe, futhi ingabe ulungele ukubeka impilo yakhe eMlandland, njengoba okhokho bethu basendulo benza ngosizo lomboni ongcwele?

Umlondolozi wangempela waseRussia kusuka ezitheni zakhe nguMfundisi Sergius waseRadonezh. Iziqu lapho amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabahambeli beza khona, ngokuyisimangaliso nokuphulukisa.

UMdala oNgcwele wahamba ngokuthula waya eNkosini ngoSepthemba 25 / Okthoba 8, 1392. Ngemva kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka, izintambo eziyisimangaliso zikaSt. Sergius waseRadonezh zitholakala ngokuhloniphekile, ezazihlale zigcinwe endlini yezindela, kuyilapho ziphephile.

Abaningi banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokufanele kulezi zinhlamvu. Ngokuvamile, konke kusetshenziselwa umkhumbi wesiliva kuphela lapho kugcinwa khona izinhlamvu zikaBaba ongcwele uSergius, lapho kukhishwa khona iqabunga elikhethekile ezingeni lekhanda, elivame ukuvulwa, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokufaka isicelo enhloko egcotshwe yintanta.

Umlando wezintambo

Isihloko esithi "uSergius waseRadonezh: izintambo" kufanele zenziwe ngezindaba ezimangalisayo ngumzukulu wompristi uPavel Florensky. NgoMgqibelo waseLazarev ngaphambi kwePhasika ka-1919 ukuzwakalisa kwezingqungquthela zesanta yiziphathimandla zaseSoviet kwakuzokwenzeka. Ukulondeka okuphephile kwale mibhalo kwakubuzwa. Ubaba uPavel wafunda lokhu, owahlela umhlangano wamfihlo nombusi kaLaura, uBaba Kronid, u-Count Yu. U-Olsufiev (ilungu leKhomishane yokuVikela izikhumbuzo), uSp Mansurov noMV Shik, ababa ngabapristi. Bafika ngasese e-Trinity Cathedral, bafunde umthandazo phambi kwe-shrine ne-relics, futhi ngosizo lomkhonto bahlukanisa inhloko yongcwele futhi bawushintsha nenhloko ye-Prince Trubetskoi, kanye nengcwatshwe endaweni ye-laurel. Inhloko yeSt. Sergius yashiywa okwesikhashana ukuba igcinwe e-sacristy. Bala u-Olsufyev ngemuva kokubeka ikhanda lomloki emkhunjini we-oki futhi waqala ukuwugcina ekhaya (uSergiev Posad, Valovaya Street). Ngo-1928 yena, esaba ukuboshwa, wangcwaba umkhumbi ensimini yakhe.

Ukusebenza okuphumelelayo

Ngo-1933, ngemva kokuboshwa kukayise kaPavel, u-Olsufiev wabaleka eNizhny Novgorod, lapho etshela khona uPavel Aleksandrovich Golubtsov (ozayo uBoss Sergius, umbhishobhi waseNovgorod), owakwazi ukukhipha umkhumbi ensimini yaseCount and uyiswe ePodmoskovny Nikolo-Ugreshsky I-Monastery. Lapho umkhumbi wawugcinwa kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Enkulu yezobuzwe. Ebuya empini uGolubtsov, wanikeza umkhumbi ngendlunkulu yendodakazi yakhe eyamukelwa u-Olsufiev E. P. Vasilchikova, owamfihlo ngo-1946 wanika inhloko ethembekile uSt. Sergius Patriarch Alexy I. Futhi wabusisa ukuyibuyisela kuZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra lapho ivuliwe.

Isiphetho

Manje ungaphendula ngokugcwele umbuzo: "Iziqu zikaSergius waseRadonezh ziphi?" Zisalokhu zigcinwa kuZiqu-zintathu ZikaNkulunkulu Lavra. Cishe nsuku zonke ukuthandaza izinto ezingcwele ziza izinkulungwane zabahambi. Esikhathini sokuzilibazisa esiseduze nalezi zimpawu kukhona izimangaliso zangempela ezinganakiwe futhi zibhalwa phansi ukuze wonke umuntu abe nokholo nethemba lokuphulukiswa.

Ukuhlonipha uMonk Hegumen Sergiy, inani elikhulu lamathempeli nezindlu zezindela zakhiwe eMoscow naseMoscow Region, eSt. Petersburg naseLeningrad Region, e-Arkhangelsk, eTula naseTyumen nakwezinye izindawo.