Paul Florensky: A Biography

Le ndoda yayihlale ovelele sezibalo, isazi sefilosofi, isazi semfundiso yenkolo, Isazi-mlando sezobuciko, umbhali, unjiniyela, sezilimi futhi sazi esikalini isimo. Ukudalelwa selihlanganise udumo international kanye ukufa kabuhlungu. Esehambile imisebenzi, ozalwa kwengqondo yakhe enamandla. Igama lalo muntu - Florenskiy Pavel Aleksandrovich.

Ebuntwaneni usosayensi esizayo

Januwari 21, 1882 ngesikhathi ujantshi unjiniyela Alexander Ivanovich Florensky nomkakhe, u-Olga Pavlová indodana owayebizwa ngokuthi uPawulu. Umndeni wawuhlala edolobheni sifundazwe Yevlakh Yelizavetpol. Manje insimu yase-Azerbaijan. Ngaphezu umndeni wakhe kamuva isazoqhubeka unezingane ezinhlanu.

Lapho ngibheka emuva eminyakeni bakhe bokuqala, uPawulu Florensky wabhala ukuthi ingane has ukuthambekela uqaphela futhi ahlaziye yonke engavamile kungaphezu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kukho konke wayethethelela uthambekele ekuboneni ukubonakaliswa ezifihliwe "ingokomoya ukuphila nokungabhubhi." Ngokuphathelene nalokhu kwesibili, kwawona nje umcabango kwabonakala into yemvelo futhi akufanele ingatshazwe. kamuva wavuma usosayensi sakhe oqaphela izingane kwakheka isisekelo yezinkolelo zakhe ezingokwenkolo nefilosofi.

Ucwaningo e-University of

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu nge a indondo yegolide zesikole Tiflis, uPavel Florensky nesikhombisa waya eMoscow futhi owaba umfundi we-physics kanye mathematics faculty of eMoscow University. Eminyakeni yakhe umfundi eseneminyaka sisondelene nalabo abamele intsha eziphambili Russian kahle leyo minyaka. Phakathi abangane bakhe -Balmont, Bruce, Z. Gippius, A. Block, nabanye abamagama abo bangena umlando isiko Russian.

Kodwa ekupheleni izifundo zakhe, wazizwa kubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi lwati lolutfolakele eyunivesithi. Yiziphi izinhlelo esizayo yokwakha Florenskii? UPawulu wayeqonda ukuthi kwenkululeko emincane ngesayensi yemvelo ngaye. Sikhanyisiwe engqondweni yakhe isithombe indawo yonke ayizange ukunikeza incazelo enengqondo. Befuna amaqiniso amasha wangena Theological Academy.

Theological Academy

Ngaphakathi kwezindonga -zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu e imibono yakhe bazalwa kwezici natural sciences ne iziyalezo zenkolo. Njengoba wacabanga, isiko wokuziphilisa, isonto kanye art kufanele ukudala ebumbene. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu Academy 1914 Florenskiy Pavel Aleksandrovich uthola isihloko Master of Divinity.

Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka Academy, wamiswa ukuba abe ngumpristi. Lapha, e Sergiev Posad, kuze kube ngu-1921, futhi wayephethe inkonzo yakhe ezazichaza indlela izinto umfundisi osemusha, Baba uPawulu Florensky. Ububanzi imisebenzi yakhe esikhathini cwaningo ubanzi kakhulu. Esikoleni lapho kokubili wafunda futhi wafundisa futhi ozongitshela, futhi nihlele iphephabhuku zezemfundo.

I emva kwempi iminyaka yokuqala,

Inguquko kwaba ukushaqeka esindayo kuye. Wavuma wakubo akuthatha njengesinqumo i-apocalypse. izinkolelo zombusazwe, abahlanganyela uPawulu Florensky, angabizwa ngokuthi monarchism engokwasezulwini. Kubo wanikeza iminingwane ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe emsebenzini, okuzokwenziwa kulotshiwe ekamu ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe.

Ngo emva kwempi Eminyakeni yokuqala, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko iba art umlando. Paul Florensky wafaka eziningi umzamo ukuze asindise amagugu zomlando bokubeka Lavra. Wayefanele ngokoqobo ukukholisa abameleli abangafundile kukaHulumeni omusha isidingo sokulondoloza eziningi izikhumbuzo zomlando.

Umsebenzi izikhungo Soviet

Nge ngokujulile ulwazi wesayensi lobuchwepheshe, wathola eyunivesithi, uPavel Florensky baba Uprofesa VHUTEMAS kanyekanye ekusungulweni kohlelo lokulwa ugesi. Phakathi eko ebhala eziningi imisebenzi emikhulu yesayensi. Kulesi umsebenzi, yasiza Trotsky, kamuva waba nendima ebulalayo e Florenskiy ukuphila.

Naphezu ngokuphindaphindiwe kuletha ithuba ushiye Russia, uPavel Aleksandrovich akazange ulandele isibonelo abamele eziningi nezazi isiRashiya, zihambile. Wayengomunye ngowokuqala ababezama sihlanganise kwenkonzo yesonto nokubambisana izikhungo Soviet.

Yokubopha nokuvalelwa

Ushintsho lwenzeka ekuphileni kwakhe ngo-1928. Usosayensi wadingiselwa Nizhny Novgorod, kodwa ngokushesha wabuyela eMoscow. Ngu namathathu banesifo esibi ekuseni libhekisela nenkathi yokushushiswa eSoviet usosayensi izincwadi. Ngo-February 1933 waboshwa, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisihlanu isinqumo senkantolo wagwetshwa iminyaka eyishumi ejele ngenxa notorious amahlanu nesishiyagalombili sihloko.

I endaweni ayekuyo ukukhonza isigwebo sakhe, useqokwe ekamu e-Eastern eSiberia, okuthiwa sengathi ukuhlekisa ngesikhundla iziboshwa "mahhala". Lapho, emva ngocingo oluhlabayo, ezesayensi umnyango BUMLAGa ukuphathwa yadalwa. Sasisebenza kuwo ososayensi abazithola ejele, kanye nezinkulungwane zabanye izakhamuzi zaseSoviet, kule nkathi nabangenasihawu yokucindezelwa uStalin. Ndawonye nabo, wabahola abantwana imisebenzi yesayensi kanye isiboshwa Florenskiy Pavel.

Ngo-February 1934, wayiswa kwelinye ikamu, owayesesimweni Skovorodino. Lapha-ke wawusegunjini isitshalo cryogenic, okwakukhona izifundo zesayensi ku eyiqhwa. Ukuthatha ingxenye kuzo, uPavel Aleksandrovich wabhala amaphepha amaningana yesayensi, wakhuluma ngezinto ezihlobene ukwakhiwa ku eyiqhwa.

Ukuphela usosayensi ukuphila

Ngo-August 1934, Florensky ngokuzumayo afakwe ekamu elise isikhungo, futhi kamuva ngenyanga uyiswa ekamu Solovki. Futhi nangu manje-yena emsebenzini ngokwesayensi. Ukuhlola inqubo yokuthola i-iodine zasolwandle, ososayensi babe engaphezu kweyishumi lobunikazi zatholakala ngokwesayensi. Ngo-November 1937, isinqumo Special NKVD Trika Florensky enikwa isigwebo sokufa.

Usuku ubulawe alwaziwa. Usuku Disemba 15, 1943, olushiwo esazisweni eyathunyelwa izihlobo, ayengamanga aluhlaza cwé. Lona wangcwaba lokhu ovelele yesayensi Russian, okuyinto Usebe negalelo kakhulu ezihlukahlukene ngemikhakha ethile, ukuze Levashova ugwadule eduze Leningrad, e ithuna elivamile ukumakwa. Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe zokugcina, wabhala kamunyu ukuthi iqiniso wukuthi konke ukunikeza izwe okuhle, elinde retribution ngesimo ukuhlupheka nokushushiswa.

Pavel Florensky, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako efana Umlandvomphilo yososayensi abaningi Russian futhi abaculi sikhathi elalibhekwa kwakhe ukuthi avuselelwe. Futhi engamashumi amahlanu ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngabona ukukhanya kuso incwadi yokugcina usosayensi. Kuyo, wazibuza mayelana isimiso sezombusazwe eminyakeni ezayo.