I-Metropolitan Hilarion yaseKiev: biography (isithombe)

Umbuzo we- autocephaly wamasonto wendawo uye wavula kuze kube manje. Njengoba sesene emlandweni wezingxabano zokuvuma izono, singaqiniseka ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwe-autocephaly akuyona inkolo njengenqubo yezombangazwe.

Lesi sihloko sizozinikela emzamweni wokuqala weSonto Lama-Orthodox waseRussia ukuthola ukuzimela okunjalo. Kakade ekhulwini lama-11 kwacaca ukuthi ukuzithoba kwaConstantinople kwadala umonakalo omkhulu embusweni waseRashiya.

Izimiso zomlando nezombangazwe zokukhethwa kweMetropolitan waseRashiya

Isizathu sokungqubuzana, okwaba yimpi yangempela phakathi kwamaGreki namaRussia ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaJaroslav the Wise, kwaba yisenzakalo esithinta abathengisi baseKivanvan Rus.

EConstantinople, umthengisi waseKiev wabulawa, ngenkathi impahla yomuntu oshonile yatholwa embusweni. Izindaba zezinto ezenzeke ngokushesha zafinyelela eKiev futhi zenza isithukuthelo esivela ku-elite esebusayo futhi, ngokuqinisekile, ngokuqondile kulesi sikhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungakabiphi ngaphambi kwalokho, kwaba nezingxoxo, okwakuchaza izimo ezifanayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuxazulula izinkinga eziphikisanayo, kodwa amaGreki ayezenzele ngokumelene nezivumelwano ezamukelwe.

Umkhankaso wokulwa namaGreki

INkosana i-Yaroslav yathumela izidumbu zenkambiso eMbusweni WaseMpumalanga WaseRoma, ephethwe yindodana yakhe endala, isikhulu, ohamba olwandle. Eduze ngasogwini olusentshonalanga olwandle olusentshonalanga, inqwaba yamaSlav yawela esiqhingini esikhulu, ilahlekelwe yingxenye yesithathu yemikhumbi yawo. Ingxenye esele yamabutho, ehamba olwandle, yahlaselwa imikhumbi yamaGreki. Ngemva kwenkathazo enjalo, eminye yemikhumbi esebenzayo eyabuyiselwa emuva, ifika ngesikhathi esifanayo ifika. Endleleni emuva imikhumbi yenkosi iphinde itholwe yi-squadron yesiGreki, kodwa manje le nhlanhla yayiseceleni kwezimpi zasePrince Yaroslav. Imikhumbi yamaGreki yayigcwele inqwaba.

Amasosha ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, aphumelele ukufika ogwini, aqhubeka nokuhamba kwawo, kwaholela amabutho aphethe umphathi uVyshata. Izindaba mayelana nokubhujiswa kwezimoto zaholela ekubeni umbusi uConstantine Monomakh afuthe, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwezomhlaba kwakufanele kunqunywe nguMbusi ngokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu.

Ngemuva kochungechunge lwezingxabano phakathi kombusi u-Vyshata ezungezwe kanye nezinsalela zensimbi ezithathwe njengeziboshwa, kulokhu amaGreki asebenzisa isijeziso esinonya kakhulu, okuyisisekelo esivele sisetshenziswe emlandweni, kwanele ukukhumbula uVasily waseBulgaria. Amasosha aseRussia asele aphuphuthekiswa futhi athunyelwa ekhaya, eqinisweni, isenzo esinjalo kumaGreki asizange sibambe iqhaza ekupheleni kwempi.

Ukufa kweMetropolitan Feognost njengento ebalulekile yokukhethwa kukaHilarion

Ngo-1048 uMetropolitan Feognost washona. Mayelana nenkinga yama-Greco-Slavic ubudlelwane, lo muzi omusha awukwazi ukuza eRussia. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba bonke abaphathi babathunyelwe baseConstantinople. INkosana i-Yaroslav i-Wise iyaqonda ukuthi isimo sibaluleke kakhulu futhi sidinga ukusheshe senze futhi sibhekane. Ngakho-ke, unquma ukuqoka uMasipala waseMetropolitan ngaphandle kwemvume yeByzantium. Ukuzikhethela kuwela umakhelwane we-Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, uMongameli Wokuqala WaseSonto Lobu-Orthodox waseRussia, oba yiHilarion waseKiev.

Ukuguqulwa kwesidolobha esikhulu kanye nesikhulu

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba u-Hilarion waseKievon ahlonishwe yi-monastic, wayehlukaniswa nokuphila ngokweqile, elingisa i-anachorets yasendulo.

Imithombo ithi uyakha umhume wakhe ehlathini. Kulo, wachitha amahora akhe emthandazweni. Ngemva kwalokho, u-monk Anthony, owabuya e-Athos, wahlala khona. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana, igunya likaMoya likaHilarion liqala ukukhula emehlweni abantu baseKieveni lasendulo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, cishe, eminyakeni eyi-50 yekhulu le-XI, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izeluleko ezihlukahlukene zalowo muntu. Isikhulu senza umphathi wesonto lakhe.

Hilarion of Kiev, Metropolitan: biography

Ukwaziswa empilweni yomphathi wekusasa kanye nomuzi wokuqala waseRussia akuyona kakhulu. Kuyaziwa kahle ukuthi uMetropolitan Hilarion waseKieya nawo wonke uKyivan Rus wayevela eKiev. Ngokungangabazeki, imisebenzi eye yasinda esikhathini sethu ifakazela ukulungiswa okuhle komlobi kokubili kwezemfundiso yenkolo, umthetho we-canon, nolwazi lwemithetho ye-oratory.

Kunesiphakamiso sokuthi wayenelulwimi lwesiGreki, afunda eNtabeni Athos noma eConstantinople, mhlawumbe wayeseNtshonalanga, lapho ajwayele khona ukufundiswa kwezemfundiso yaseWestern and worship. Noma kunjalo, ukucabanga okunjalo akuqinisekisi okuthembekile.

Ngaphambi kokuzinikela kwakhe kwamabhishobhi uHilarion, iMetropolitan yaseKiev, ekuqaleni wayengumpristi edolobheni laseBerestovoye, eliseduze neKiev, futhi wakhonza esontweni lenduna.

Ngokuqondene nezimfanelo zakhe njengomalusi nendoda yobufakazi ayilondolozwe. Noma kunjalo, iqiniso lokuthi uhambele ePhalamende lasePrince lifakaza ngenye igunya elingokomoya lelo muntu elinqobile emehlweni enkosana. Ulwazi olulodwa oluphathelene neHilarion, Metropolitan yaseKiev, lungatholakala emlandweni, olubhekisela kuye njengendoda yokuphila okuhle, ukuzila ukudla kanye nababhali. Nokho, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokho okushiwo. Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu kusho ngokufunda kwakhe. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunomkhawulo ekutadisheni obaba abangcwele kanye nendalo yabo noma ukutholakala kwemfundo ehlelekile, kunzima ukwahlulela. Esikhathini sesayensi yanamuhla, izingxabano ngalokhu zisaphila.

I-Cathedral yamaBhishophu aseRussia

Ngo-1051, uPrince Yaroslav the Wise, lapho eqoqa ababhishobhi bendawo, wabamba i-synod, emva kwalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uConstantinople, u-Hilarion umpristi wenyuka waya esihlalweni sobukhosi saseKiev njengeMetropolitan.

Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwamadokhumenti asaphila, singaphetha ngokuthi uMetropolitan Hilarion waseKievese wasekela ngokuphelele inkambo yangaphakathi yezombusazwe yangaphandle neyangaphandle ekhethwe yiJaroslav the Wise.

Isiphetho esilandelayo seMetropolitan

Ngemuva kokufa kukaMdunkulu, owalwela ukuzimela kwesonto kusuka eConstantinople, lesi sonto kanye nesibalo sezombangazwe babedlwenguliwe, kwakungeniswa i-protege yaseByzantium. Lo mcimbi kwenzeka ngo-1055. Ikusasa elizayo le-dolobha yokuqala yaseRashiya ayingaziwa, kunezinguqulo eziningana:

1. Washiya umnyango ngokuzimela futhi waphila izinsuku zakhe njengomhlali weNdlunkulu yaseKiep-Pechersky.
2. Isizathu sokubukeka kweMetropolitan kusuka eByzantium kwakuwukufa kweMetropolitan Hilarion yaseKiev, kodwa kulokhu umbuzo wokuthi kungokwemvelo kuhlala kuvulekile.
3. Wakhishwa ngokuphoqelekile epulpiti wayiboshwa e-monasteri.

Ngakho-ke, i-biography ye-Metropolitan Hilarion yaseKiev iyisibonelo senqubo yesifiso sesonto elincane endaweni yaseKivanvan eRussia ukuze i-autocephaly kanye nokuncipha kweByzantium ukulahlekelwa amandla phezu kombuso nomphakathi ngokunikeza ukuzimela komasipala osanda kuhlanganiswa.

Umsebenzi womphakathi weMetropolitan Hilarion

Abacwaningi abaningi emlandweni weSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, njengeKartashov, iGolubinsky, iMetropolitan Makarii, uSmirnov, bazama ukunikeza ukuhlolwa komlando kwalesi simo emlandweni waseRashiya. Umbuzo ozwakalayo uvela: "IHilarion yaseKiev, iMetropolitan, isimo sithini nesonto senzani, lokhu kwathonya kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zikhungo ezimbili zokuphila komphakathi?"

I-prelate yesikhathi esizayo ayingena nje kuphela ezindabeni zesonto, kodwa nayo ihlanganyele nesikhulu ekubunjweni kwesimiso sezomthetho saseKivanvan Rus. Ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kwakhe okuqondile, uhlelo lwezomthetho olusebenza ensimini yaseKivanvan Rus lwadalwa futhi lwahlelwa.

Ukubamba iqhaza enhlanganweni ye-Kiev-Pechersk Lavra

Waba nengxenye ekhuthele ekwakhiweni kwe-Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Ukuba nobuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu nesikhulu, wathola izwe elidingekayo ekwakheni isikhungo esizayo senkambiso engokomoya yombuso wonke waseRashiya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungcwele waba neqhaza ekwakheni umtapo wolwazi, owadalwa ngaphansi kweCathhedral yaseSt. Sophia. Ukubhala kwakhe kungokwamanye amatshe ezikhumbuzo zesonto nokubhala, okuyimisebenzi yangempela yobuciko beskripthi saseSalavonic Old.

Umsebenzi wezincwadi we-St Hilarion

Umsebenzi obaluleke kunawo wonke, ongowakhe, ngumsebenzi wokubhala, owawuguqula ngokuphelele umbono wabososayensi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kaKivan Rus. Wayengumuntu ofundele kakhulu, uHilarion waseKiev, iMetropolitan. "Izwi lomthetho nomusa" libonisa ukuthi kwakudingeka i-symphony yamandla.

Umcwaningi odumile wefa lokubhala of Ancient Rus Likhachev DS bakholelwa ukuthi lo msebenzi kubhalwe ezingeni eliphezulu. Umbhali ukhiqize umbhalo oqinisekisiwe, ukulula okulandayo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwamadivaysi okubhala kubonisa ithalenta lomuntu obhala ngaye. Inkulumo ehlelwe ngendlela efanele iqondanisa lo mbhalo ngezikhumbuzo ezifanayo zombhalo wabalobi baseByzantine. Eminye imisebenzi yabhalwa uMetropolitan Hilarion.

U-Kievan Rus ngumbuso owanikeza ukukhanya kumuntu onjalo onethalente. Ngaphezu komsebenzi ongenhla, usenayo imisebenzi embalwa yasinda yesikhathi sethu.

Umsebenzi othakazelisayo yi-"Confession of Faith", ebhalwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanjululwa kwama-Episcopal. Ngokwesiko, umfundisi ohlinzekwa kubhishobhi kufanele akhulume esidlangalaleni ngezinkolelo zakhe zenkolo, ukuze bonke abakhona bakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi akayena owethembayo.

Futhi unomthandazo, obizwa ngokuthi "Umthandazo woMfundisi uBaba Wethu WeHilarion, uMetropolitan waseRussia", okwenza umqondo ongenakulibaleka kumfundi ngezinkondlo nokuningi kwezithombe zezinkondlo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungumbhali we "Dumisani" ngokuhlonipha i-Yaroslav the Wise, ebhalwe emva kokubekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi seMetropolitan.

I-canonization ye-St Hilarion

Umbuzo we-canonization uhlala uvulekile manje. Ngokuqinisekile akuyazi lapho lokhu kwenzeka, kungenzeka ukuthi idolobha elikhulu laseKiev ne-All Russia, i-Hilarion yaseKiev, libalwa njengosanta ngaphandle kwencazelo yamasonto esonto. Kodwa-ke, izazi-mlando eziningi zesonto zikholelwa ukuthi kwakungekho izinqumo eziqondile zomkhandlu kule ndaba. Isizathu sasihlonishwa kakhulu. Iziqu zalesi saint ziseMaphandleni aphakathi kwezindlovukazi zaseKiev-Pechersky. Usuku lweSikhumbuzo ngo-Okthoba 21.

Kuze kube manje, azikho izithombe ezinokwethenjelwa ezibonisa uHilarion waseKiev, iMetropolitan. Izithombe ezinikezwe kulesi sihloko ziqinisekisa lokhu. Futhi, ngokuhambisana nemikhuba yaseRashiya, izikhonkwane zingaphansi kokugqoka, aziboniswa emphakathini jikelele. Ungabona kuphela isithombe sethuneni lapho kukhona khona izinhlamvu zesanta.