UWinston Churchill (Mnumzane Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill). Biography, izithombe, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Esikhathini umlando wekhulu XX kwesokunxele nokuncane ngokujulile labo abantu abathatha isinqumo kwesibhamu esintwini. Phakathi zombangazwe ezivelele endaweni yabo kuthatha ngokuqiniseka uWinston Churchill - undunankulu waseBrithani, umbhali, umklomelo kaNobel, omunye-Hitler anti abaholi womanyano, anti-lamakhomanisi, nombhali aphorisms abaningi abaye baba ezinamaphiko, umthandi nogwayi futhi iziphuzo ezinamandla, abantu ngokuvamile ezithakazelisayo.

isithombe sakhe izakhamuzi zethu nabo laziwa amavidyo documentary kweMpi Yezwe II, athumba ngesikhathi Yalta, Tehran futhi Potsdam izingqungquthela. Ziyakwazi phakathi kwamanye amalungu "Big Three" wadonsela ukunaka kwabantu ngokugcwele, embozwe empini jacket okhakhi, ugly, kodwa umuntu ebukekayo kakhulu futhi amehlo kaPawulu angena ajule. Lokhu kwaba okungavamile, uWinston Churchill, incwadi ufunde mayelana namuhla, ngisho ukudubula movie ukuvula Amakhasi okungajwayelekile okubangelwa yomlando wakhe. Ezinye izinto kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

Ekupheleni Novemba 1874 Marlborough ulungiselela ibhola esigodlweni uMbusi Blenheim. Ngokuqinisekile abathandayo ukuba khona Lady Churchill. udangele wakhe, kodwa yena wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani, okwaholela Kwezinye izimo, uphazamise soiree. Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi uWinston Churchill wazalwa amabhantshi abesifazane sentaba, izigqoko nezinye outerwear, silahlwe inqwaba egumbini basisebenzisa njengeHholo esikhashana ikhabethe izivakashi.

Ezemfundo kanye ginger akuyona ingane enhle kakhulu waziphatha ngokuyinhloko ngophethe Everest. Umthelela lwalona wesifazane omangalisa ngenqubomgomo esizayo wawumkhulu, nesithombe sakhe wayehlale endaweni egqamile kuzo zonke lwehhovisi kubo, kusobala, kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila Ngokuqhathanisa izenzo zabo eyisibambiso iziqondiso zakhe zokuziphatha. Ngakho mina wazwakalisa ukwazisa yayo uWinston Churchill, ogama biography ibonisa ukuthi lo mhlengikazi engasebenzi kuyilungelo lomuntu futhi zihlakaniphile.

School, inkathi

Prodigy kancane Winston wayengekho. Nakuba ine inkumbulo kakhulu, kodwa wasebenzisa kuphela lapho kwaba ezithakazelisayo ukufunda isihloko. Silulumagama, lo mfana ngakho-ngakho, ezinye izincwadi ebengalidluliselanga awasho, kodwa kwaba verbosity ezahlukene. Ngesayensi ngqo, zesiGreki nesiLatin, wabonisa ukunganaki, kodwa isiZulu bomdabu walithanda nikwenza ngokuzithandela.

A ozalweni Emkhayeni ahlukile futhi kwadingeka afunde esikoleni esikhethekile. Kwaba njalo isikhungo nelungelo 'Ascot', lapho uWinston Churchill ngasebenza iminyaka embalwa. Khona-ke umfana wayiswa esikoleni "Harrow" ezingeni eliphakeme, futhi idume emasikweni akudala. I bazali babekholelwa ukuthi indodana izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni akwanele, kodwa indlela linjalo, ngakho wanquma umsebenzi lakhe lempi. Ayanda abakhwele amahhashi esikoleni "Sandhurst" ibutho wobukhosi le nsizwa yakwazi ukungena ku 1893, kuphela okwesithathu. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, kwashona ubaba wakhe. Smer ngoba indodana abazali abathandekayo futhi obakhonzile babe nokulahlekelwa okukhulu, naphezu nokungaqondi okuthile mutual. Ebuntwaneni iphelile, le nsizwa liphendulwe indoda omdala.

Ukuqala umsebenzi wephalamende

Ukuba izimpahla imfundo ephakeme, elisezingeni uLieutenant futhi yizicukuthwane imisuka, uWinston Churchill, ogama biography kwezombangazwe kwakusanda kuqala, iwine ukhetho ePhalamende ngo-1900. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wagijima kusukela Conservative Party, uzwela babonisa, kunalokho, ukuze izimbangi zawo - the Liberals. Lokhu ukuphikisana kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi yena ngokwakhe uye kuchazwe isimo salo njengenhlangano "olandelanayo ezimele", okuyinto kumbangela izinkinga eziningi, kodwa futhi engilakhele isithunzi sobukhulu umugqa ezinjalo zokuziphatha futhi kwadingeka. Ukungqubuzana namalungu party wadala ezinye scandal, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ukuvelela okukhulu emibuthanweni zezombusazwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi izinkulumo zakhe, abasephalamende eziningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho uNdunankulu yena, demonstratively kwesokunxele endlini yomhlangano, uWinston Churchill livele ngu Lloyd George. Ngo-1904 washiya ezinhlwini okulondoloza.

UNgqongqoshe amakoloni

Senator ngobugagu yabakhanga, kanye iziphakamiso ngokubambisana neNhlangano abajameli ezahlukene kwakungafanele uyaphuza ukuza. Labo ayengenandaba Churchill, yena ngokuphelele ukunganakwa eceleni, kodwa ngo-1906 bavumelana ukuba yisikhonzi sesikhathi ophethe izindaba amakoloni. Inani ezindaweni kwezilwandle inhlalakahle WaseBrithani yayinkulu, kanti futhi wayeseshilo kakade Inqubomgomo ukushisekela ubuzwe ubonakalisiwe, obonakaliswe eziseqhulwini izithakazelo amandla ngenhla okunye ukucatshangelwa. Imiphumela imisebenzi isikhathi esifushane wazibonakalisa olubabazeka kakhulu, kodwa imizamo ziye wayibona futhi wayazisa ezingeni eliphezulu, okufaka hlangana ibhoduluko ka -Edward VII futhi le nkosi yena.

Inhlekelele yezombangazwe ka 1908 yaphela nge ukwesula UNdunankulu Campbell Bannerman, endaweni yakhe ngokushesha wayeseshumayeza Asquith. Wanikela ukuya Churchill Royal Navy, kodwa wenqaba. Impi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze is kusengaphambili, futhi ngaphandle kwalo isikhundla uNgqongqoshe Navy akazange athembisa odumo. Ngokuphathelene ukuphendula esinye okuthunyelwe uhulumeni yomfundisi kwaba okufanayo, nakuba ngenxa yesizathu esihlukile, isihloko kwakumane akanandaba Churchill. Kodwa ukuhweba wayefuna ukwenza, nakuba at efika kuqala ayizange athembisa iyiphi izinzuzo zezombusazwe.

umshado

Sekuyisikhathi eside uWinston Churchill bebematasa kanjalo ezindabeni zezombusazwe, ukuthi abangane bakhe seziqalile kokungabaza ukuthi wayekhona uyoke ukushada, kodwa ayenephutha. Naphezu ngaphezu nesizotha idatha yangaphandle kanye umsebenzi unomphela olusemthethweni, wayesalokhu wathola ithuba ngijwayele intombazane enhle kakhulu, charm wakhe (ngokusobala, ukukhalipha lekufundzisa) futhi kuholele altare. Indodakazi Dragoon isikhulu Kol - Clementine Hoze - kwaba ebukekayo kwakhiwa, eziqephuzayo smart ngezilimi ezimbili angaphandle (French nesiJalimane) is. I ngezisusa zobugovu Winston akakwazanga ngisho usola abanikazi ngezilimi okubi kakhulu: isipho cishe wayengekho, ngaphandle Yiqiniso, izimfanelo siqu umakoti akhe ayizicukuthwane Scots-Irish.

UNobhala we-Interior

Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu Churchill baba ungqongqoshe umthetho nokuhleleka, ukuthatha omunye izikhundla ukhiye abakulowo mbuso. Manje kwakudingeka obhekene amaphoyisa yenhloko-dolobha, amabhuloho, imigwaqo, emajele, ezolimo ngisho nezinhlanzi. Libuye yisibopho uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi, ngokwesiko ubudala isiNgisi, ifake phambi esisemqoka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa e asebukhosini, ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, ngokubhala imibiko emsebenzini wePalamende, okwakumenza akwazi Churchill sikhangise amakhono abo etemibhalo ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu wakwenza enkulu.

Ngobusuku obandulela ngezinga elikhulu empini

Iqiniso ukuthi ukungqubuzana 'abandayo "phakathi kwamazwe acebile kanye amakoloni bancishwa eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary ngokushesha noma kamuva ukuthuthukisa ibe" hot "ingxabano, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu othile abe nokuzaza, kodwa hhayi uWinston Churchill. Ngesisekelo idatha etholwe kusukela ukuhlola ochwepheshe ezindabeni ukuzivikela, okwaba yiso ukuba uNdunankulu uhlu lwezikhalazo ezindabeni ezempi e-Europe, uphawula kwesiphetho ngokoqobo empini esondelayo emkhathizwe. Ngemva kwalokho, ubuholi wezwe uthethe uhlobo castling, swapping McKenna futhi Churchill, ngenxa lapho umlobi walo mbiko ezazitholakala ukuze ngoxhaxha, okuyinto ngaphambilini ukungenela. Kwaba ngo-1911, izenzakalo amabi kakhulu uthuthuva. Nge umsebenzi yokulungiselela oluzayo Royal Navy impi asolwandle ungqongqoshe omusha kuboniswane.

Impi yokuqala

Igama elithi we empini liye lachazwa nguhulumeni waseBrithani ngokunemba okwanele. Ezivamile aqondisa lezindiza ku 1914 abangu kukhanselwe, ezifihliwe ukugqugquzela ngokwengxenye kwenziwe, emva umbukiso bendabuko July 17 imikhumbi awuthunyelwa izindawo zabo ukuthunyelwa unomphela, futhi ngomyalo Admiralty agcinwayo ingqondo. Ngemva kugqashuka impi ne Central Amandla Russia Churchill wathatha umthwalo ukumemezela ukugqugquzela egcwele imikhumbi, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba isinqumo kahulumeni. Lo mnyakazo ungase kwamlahlekisela ukuxoshwa kwakhe, kodwa konke kwenzakala, isinqumo ukuqaphela ilungelo, futhi ngemva kosuku izenzo zakhe zavunyelwa. Esesine Agasti, eBrithani iqale impi ngo-eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary.

ukuphila ngemva kwempi

Events of the First World baziwa: ngemva kokunqotshwa eJalimane futhi ukuwa Empire Austro-Hungarian emhlabeni, futhi ikakhulukazi eYurophu, wabhekana nale nkinga yokusabalala nobukhomanisi. Isikhundla anti-kaMarx ukuthi sathathwa uWinston Churchill amazwi akhe ngale ndaba ibonisa inkolelo ethile kulokhu isidingo yokubhubhisa kwamaBolshevik umbuso eRussia. Kodwa amazwe aseNtshonalanga kwezomnotho, ewuthi lokuvungula oneminyaka emine ekuhlatshweni, kwakungafanele isilungele emikhulu ukungenela ezempi. Ngenxa ukungakwazi esempini ngokumelene abaholi ubukhomanisi ka yeningi Europe bese emhlabeni wonke zaphoqeleka ukuba ziqaphele umbuso wamaSoviet. Churchill indima kokuthunyelwe kukaNgqongqoshe neMpi ngo-1921 baba yesibili. Yiqiniso, acasuke, kodwa izinkinga wayekhona kuqala. Ngawo lowo nyaka ke wahlupheka yangempela: ukufa lokuqala unina (futhi wayengeyena ubudala, iminyaka 67 kuphela), khona-ke yentombazane eneminyaka emibili-Merigold.

Ngentshiseko Futhi amandla, kanye umsebenzi olusha kungisizile umbhangqwana lokulungisa esabekayo usizi double. Churchill yaphinde yaba isikhonzi amakoloni, kodwa ukhetho ngo-1922 ekupheleni nge inhlekelele: ePhalamende, angawi. Churchill enquma uphumule kancane nomkakhe eFrance. Kwakubonakala sengathi umsebenzi wakhe usuphelile.

Emuva ePhalamende

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-eko Churchill kwaba isitha yezombangazwe enamandla - Bonar Law, owakhonza njengelungu undunankulu. Ngo-1923, lapho wagula wabangwa nezibi nokuningi ayisekho walulama. Nge Baldwin - umholi omusha we Ababesadla ngoludala - sezombangazwe ahlaza ngakwazi ukwenza contact, kodwa imizamo yokuqala ePhalamende zehlulekile ukubuyela. On okwesithathu, wayesalokhu wabuyela inhlangano ihlonishwe, ngokuwina ngokhetho esifundeni Epping futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wathola uNgqongqoshe esihlalweni Ezezimali. Ngo-1929 i-Labour Party esikhundleni Ababesadla ngoludala ngamandla, kuleli shumi leminyaka imvelo asebenzayo Churchill ayikwazanga ukuveza. Wayengase ulandele intuthuko eJalimane, okuyinto phakathi nawo-namathathu banesifo esibi savuka ngokucacile more kwezomnotho futhi kwezempi, abe isitha esesabekayo iBrithani.

okulindele eyandulela impi

Bambalwa osopolitiki British baqonde indima zezindiza empini ezayo njengoba ejulile njengoba uWinston Churchill. Izithombe newsreels ayethunjwe uNeville Chamberlain wendiza isivumelwano sisayinwe e Munich, obubhalwe ubufakazi we ngabandayo of amasosha ke European, ukufinyelela ezivuna i-eJalimane lobuNazi engxenyeni namathathu banesifo esibi yesibili.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eBrithani engaba mibili isinyathelo imfihlo ekomidini uhulumeni ekubhekaneni kokulawulwa nzuzo amakhono ukuvikela isimo. likhala lakhe kwaba uWinston Churchill, ogama izitatimende mayelana amathemba ukushweleza Hitler kwahluka komuntu ongenathemba. Wayeke zihlukaniswa ukucabanga nakuba futhi unconventional, bethi ebheka kude kakhulu phambili, abantu iDemo obona ngokucacile ukukwenza. Winston ayethanda ukubhekana nezindaba esiphuthumayo futhi ukuphokophela. Ikakhulukazi, sibonga kakhulu emizamweni iKomidi-Royal Air Force lapho impi ithole zempi "Spitfire" futhi "iSiphepho" olungamelana "Messerschmitt".

ihora Finest, empini yesibili Germany

Ngemva kuhlaselwa Poland futhi nesimemezelo impi eJalimane ngo-1939 cishe iminyaka emibili Britain walwa emelene Hitlerism wedwa. Usuku Juni 22, 1941 kwaba ngenxa Churchill iholide. Ukufunda ngokuhlaselwa German ku-USSR, uDavide waqonda ukuthi impi angabhekwa won. UWinston Churchill, ogama biography kwakuhlobene umzabalazo wokulwa ubukhomanisi, wafuna lutho ngaleso isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ekuphumeleleni kwalo iRed Army. Ukuba nesimo somnotho esinzima kakhulu, United Kingdom uye walungiselela usizo lempi kokuphindela eSoviet Union, ezidayisa wezimpahla lempi. Amandla umhlatshelo ngisho nezinkolelo zakhe siqu ngenxa yezwe labo kuwuphawu a Patriot kweqiniso futhi sezombusazwe ohlakaniphile. Nokho, lokhu ukuphambuka kwemibono wawungowesikhashana futhi okungalindelekile. Wamemezela nozwela wabonisa for amaSoviet salandelwa nenzondo ngu ekuqaleni inkomfa "Big Three" e Potsdam.

Phakathi nempi, izimfanelo volitional ziyabonakala ngokucacile kakhulu. Mina yayiphumula futhi sathathwa uWinston Churchill. Biography sakhe ngaleyo minyaka langena esigabeni bhá, kahle ihlanganisa ngobugagu nge ikhono ukugunyaza nezindaba samasosha kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. I-Concise, enkulumweni yakhe kwakunzima ukushayela, kodwa futhi kwezinye izinto azisho eziningi, yaseBrithani yathola ukuthi babengabantu: ukuzethemba ngekuncoba ukahle kakhulu. Nokho, omunye aphorisms yakhe waveza umbono wokuthi ngokuvamile kuthule kuwuphawu lokuthi umuntu umane wathula. Wabuye owake wathi kuphela izakhamuzi Albion angajabula yokuthi izinto ezimbi. Kwakungekho Inqubomgomo e-United Kingdom, eye uthandwa kangaka, njengoba Winston Churchill. Quotes kusuka izinkulumo akhe bedlula nomunye uhlushwa ngamabhomu kanye nekuvinjelwa abantu eLondon Coventry, Liverpool ne Sheffield. Abaningi bephoqeleka ukuba ukumamatheka. Kwakuwusuku ihora sokuba undunankulu.

ngemva kwempi,

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili iphelile. UWinston Churchill washiya isikhundla sakhe ekupheleni-May 1945, ukukucaza kusukela Conservative Party okhethweni olulandelayo. Nokho, lokhu luwumgogodla intando yeningi Western, okuyiwona impumelelo wakamuva kakhulu, kodwa esikhathini esidlule kakade kungasho lutho. Aphorisms uWinston Churchill kule izinhlobo zohulumeni, kuhluke inzondo ekhethekile, sifinyelela phezulu isimo sokugxeka. Ngakho, yena ngempela sina wagomela ukuthi intando yeningi kwento elungile ukuthi zonke ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo kuleli zwe ngisho nakakhulu, kodwa ukuyeka ke, ngokwanele nje ukuba nenkulumo kancane nge "Umvoti isilinganiso."

Nokho, usongo ukuthi emazweni amaningi kuyoba nakakhulu, wayengokoqobo ngempela ngemva kwempi. ubukhomanisi uStalin wathutha emhlabeni, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene - kusuka amandla kungabonakali ekhohlisayo. IMpi Yomshoshaphansi waqala ngokushesha emva ukunqoba wobushiqela, kodwa kwaphawulwa inkulumo emzini wase-US Fulton, ukuthi ngo-1946, ngo-March 5, ncamashi iminyaka eyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokufa Iosifa Stalina, uWinston Churchill wathi. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo futhi zenzakalo ephelezelwa ukuphila kwakhe konke. ukuthi sezombusazwe zempikiswano British ezihlobene "uMalume Joe", njengoba osopolitiki Western ngokuthi umholi waseSoviet uJoseph Stalin. Inzondo kanye nokwenqatshwa imibono kaMarx kuhlanganiswe Churchill nge kanjani sokumhlonipha ngokujulile ubuntu ezivelele yomuntu, ezikhathini zangaphambili namadlelandawonye isitha.

Okuthakazelisayo isilinganiso undunankulu yotshwala. Ngokusho kwakhe, wavuka ukuphuza angaphezu kuka wanika. Lapho esegugile, Churchill babenza ukuthi uma nje ukuthi akazange awuphuze ngaphambi kwesidlo ebusheni bakhe, kodwa manje anakho omunye umthetho: Noma ngabe yikuphi hhayi ukuthatha uphuzo iziphuzo ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. Ngokwe izinkumbulo umzukulu wakhe, umkhulu waqala usuku nge ingilazi nogologo (hhayi ingxenye encane enjalo), kodwa odakiwe akabonanga ubani futhi ungalokothi. Yiqiniso, le mikhuba akuzona abafanelekela ukulingiswa, kodwa, njengoba isaga Russian uthi, kusukela hhayi amazwi ingoma kungaba ukusula.

imisebenzi abathandwayo nokulotshwa okwabhalwa uWinston Churchill. Incwadi usitshela sezipi zamakoloni, ikakhulukazi, kwi imikhankaso Afghan kanye Boer, ukulwa ubukhomanisi emhlabeni, kanye nezinye izenzakalo zomlando eziningi lapho umlobi iqhaza. Imibhalo kuhluke isitayela omkhulu futhi amahlaya ezicashile esivela le ndoda evelele.

Premiership Churchill sathola ithuba ubambe kabili. Isikhathi sokugcina wahola uhulumeni waseBrithani eminyakeni 1951 kuya ku 77 ubudala. Ukuguga abathintekayo isimo jikelele umzimba, ukusebenza kwaya kuba nzima. "Mnumzane uWinston Churchill" - ngakho ngo-1953, lapho abasha Elizabeth II - yindlovukazi entsha England - ukhishwa kuye Order of the Garter, kufanele zisebenze undunankulu. udumo Greater imithetho British unganikezi. Waba knight, kanye nesimo sabo emphakathini ephakeme ubhekwa ngesandla esiqinile.

Farewell kwezombusazwe!

Embozwe umgubuzelo ekusithekeni mayelana nendlela kwesokunxele kwezombangazwe omkhulu, uWinston Churchill. Biography emfushane, ufunde zesikole British nabafundi, inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokwamukelwa incwadi yokwesula kwakhe ngaphandle hype ngokweqile ngo-1955. Ukususwa kusuka amandla kwaba kancane kancane, cishe izinyanga ezine. Inhlonipho, nekhono lokungacasuli okwaboniswa abaphathi UK ngesikhathi le nqubo, ifanelwe isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe. Inqubomgomo ukuphila lonke unikelwe ukukhonza ezweni kanye nokunakekela izinzuzo zalo siqu, futhi lokhu Kwaphawulwa by imiklomelo eminingi (kokubili zasebukhosini angaphandle).

Omkhulu Churchill waphila iminyaka eminye iminyaka eyishumi. Inkathi entsha, nempi yaseVietnam, okude, intsha waya crazy bo Thixo, "Rolling Stone" futhi "The Beatles" ukuze anqobe izwe, "imbali izingane" - hippie - bashumayela uthando jikelele, futhi kwaba zonke ngakho ngokungafani svetsko- ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe we ekuqaleni kwekhulu, lapho Winston osemusha waqala uhambo lwakhe olude kwezombusazwe.

Washona premieres oluvelele ekuqaleni kuka 1965. Lush multi-day yokuvalelisa emcimbini akuyona wawungaphansi solemnity emingcwabeni wasebukhosini. yokuphumula endaweni yakhe yokugcina Churchill siseceleni nabazali bakhe emathuneni njalo kamasipala Blandon.