Uyini isikhumba nalokho okukushoyo nomzimba womuntu

Uyini isikhumba? Lena isithiyo yemvelo okuyinto ngokufanele phakathi zangaphandle kanye imvelo yangaphakathi. isikhumba Human enezinto eziningi imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi imisebenzi kuqinisekisa ekusebenzeni wonke umzimba womuntu. Kulesi sihloko sizofunda indlela ukubaluleka isikhumba womuntu, okuyiwona wona kuyadingeka, indlela izifo zingavezelwa.

nemisebenzi isikhumba

• Thermoregulation - lokhu kuyinqubo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi engabe lokulawula izinga lokushisa komzimba nokugeleza uyigcine njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zemvelo. Over 80% ukushisa exchange kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa isikhumba.
• Yokwamukela. Receptor - kukhona izitho noma amaseli bayakwazi ukuhumusha umfutho kwangaphandle nezinzwa amaza futhi udlulise amasignali ngalokhu e isimiso sethu sezinzwa. Kukhona ubuhlungu ahlelwe, receptor ethintekayo. Labo ukuthi basabela amakhaza nokushisa. On 1 isentimitha square imayelana million 6 amaseli bese 5 babo ngeke ayizinkulungwane. Receptor okuyinto banesibopho bezibona amasignali ahlukahlukene zangaphandle.
• Ukuvikelwa - isici esibalulekile kakhulu, ngoba isikhumba womuntu, ukubaluleka lapho kwembuleka esihlokweni, kuba uhlobo isithiyo kwema- ezihlukahlukene izifo ngokusebenzisa ebusweni nomzimba. Ngakho-ke, uma isikhumba lilimele nganoma iyiphi indlela, kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela ukuvimbela Ukungena izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusweni isikhumba lwabelwe umjuluko kokuba esidi obulala amagciwane kakhulu.
• Breathing. Ngenxa isikhumba umzimba womuntu negesi lokushintshisana kwenzeka. Ososayensi namanje baphikisana ngokobana kube sezingeni exchange igesi ukubaluleka isikhumba womuntu. Kodwa kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuthi isikhumba sithola semali-mpilo.
• Excretory. Ngesikhathi kamuva ngesikhumba ukhetha zonke lezo zakhi ezidingekayo unekhemikhali wona ukusebenza kahle.
• Exchange. WokuLawula amanzi-usawoti ukulinganisela lokushisa. Lokhu kungenxa exchange of izinto nge imvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, imigomo Kwenziwa eziningi izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni womuntu.
• Zokwenziwa. Ingqikithi lo msebenzi wukuthi isikhumba womuntu is kuhlelwe umqondo ngu sombala ekhethekile okuthiwa i-melanin, elenza kukwazeke iwukudambisa ngemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe ultraviolet. Melanin kuyinto antioxidant omuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo umzimba womuntu uthola uvithamini D, wona ivikela ke kusukela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, futhi namanje kubhekwa yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukulwa nezifo ezifana nesifo sofuba. Lo vithamini kubangela ukwakheka peptides zokuzivikela emzimbeni okuyinto agqugquzele isimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni ebhubhisa tubercle imbewu eletha.
• Sebethule igazi. Imithambo yegazi kwesikhumba zingase zihlale emhlabeni 1 ilitha igazi, okuyinto uhlobo isabelo eziphuthumayo, kuyadingeka ekuphiliseni kwenzeka.
• Esizihlanzayo. Skin njalo ilahlekelwa amaseli ukuxhumana imvelo, kodwa ngibonga kule ukuvuselelwa, thina cishe awuboni.

Zonke lezi zici abonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kubaluleke isikhumba womuntu.

Isakhiwo isikhumba

Umbuzo, uyini isikhumba, kubalulekile ukuchaza kabanzi yayo isakhiwo. Isikhumba siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu. Isendlalelo angaphandle ubizwa ngokuthi epidermis. Ukuthi kuyinto contact njalo imvelo. ungqimba Okwesibili - empeleni isikhumba, noma dermis, noma enye ibizwa ngokuthi dermis. Futhi ungqimba ejulile - kuyinto izicubu ongama adipose, okuyinto phakathi abantu bangakwazi ukufinyelela ukushuba ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Cabanga zonke lezi izingqimba ezintathu kabanzi.

epidermis

Lesi sendlalelo siqukethe wakubo epithelium squamous (izicubu EPITHELIAL amanga umngcele cishe zonke izinhlaka futhi wonke umzimba womuntu). La mangqamuzana flat kakhulu sisondelene nomunye ukubeka iyiphi Ukungena leze izimuncagazi emizimbeni yethu. I epidermis, yona, futhi yakhiwa izingqimba ezimbili. Okokuqala, corneum stratum, siqukethe amangqamuzana afile keratinized. Nsuku zonke umuntu ndawo ilahlekelwa izinkulungwane eziningana zalezi amaseli, okuyinto ngenhlanhla iyona Isakhi esiyinhloko uthuli elisizungezile. Okwesibili, ihlumela ungqimba ezijulile. Siqukethe amaseli njalo ukuhlukana futhi kusiza ukukhanda futhi sikhiqize obonakele stratum corneum. Phakathi kwazo kunane-ulwelwesi basal, okuyinto uhlobo umngcele ungqimba futhi ehlukanisa omunye nomunye.

dermis

Dermis yakhiwa ezicutshini. ingxenye ingxenye zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe Imicu yotshani Halogen futhi nokunwebeka. Batinikela isikhumba umswakama waso. Ngenxa yalesi impahla, singakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphepha nasemilenzeni, elula lapho sihlala esikhunjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, dermis Sinezinzwa ezenza lapho sizizwa touch, ubuhlungu, amakhaza nokufudumala. Nazi izithukuthuku futhi sebaceous nezindlala we uketshezi zangaphandle, okuzokwenza ukwaba izinto kusukela wenze umzimba womuntu wakwazi imvelo. Ekugcineni ngo-dermis kukhona follicle izinwele kanye esincane imisipha ezibathintayo.

Ake abahlala nezindlala futhi follicle. I nezindlala zihlukaniswe phezu sebaceous nomjuluko. indlala Sebaceous ukwaba mfihlo ekhethekile okuthiwa sebum, okuyinto evimbela Ukungena zamanzi zibe nomzimba womuntu, kanye nokulahlekelwa umswakama emzimbeni. Ngo abantu ngesikhathi usuku babe ngu-20 g we uketshezi sebaceous. Sweat nezindlala abe uhlobo amashubhu ezisontekile ne imbobo excretory. Kuye umzimba, umfutho lokuzivivinya nsuku zonke, umuntu azonikezwa mayelana isigamu ilitha umjuluko. Embizeni udlala indima ebalulekile ibhalansi amanzi-usawoti, ukulawula homeostasis we ukuqinisela imvelo yangaphakathi, kanye thermoregulation zomzimba womuntu, ngoba, ahwamukayo ebusweni umzimba, ayaphola ke.

Izinwele follicle zitholakala ekujuleni dermis, futhi ngesisekelo izinwele zikhula zibheke ngakhona. Ziyakwazi imithambo yegazi ofanele ukuthi ukuletha umoya-mpilo nezakhi ezibalulekile, nezinzwa.

izicubu Ongama adipose

Lona ungqimba ejulile sakhiwa ngokuyinhloko adipose izicubu namafutha amaseli. Lokhu amafutha ukhonza eziningi imisebenzi ewusizo. Okokuqala, le ndawo ukongiwa amandla namavithamini fat-encibilikayo, ukuze umzimba womuntu isikhashana angaya ngaphandle kokudla. Okwesibili, izicubu adipose - enhle kakhulu ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa impahla evikela umzimba kusuka hypothermia. Okwesithathu, lesi sendlalelo isikhumba esithile ukuze avikele abantu ngenxa yokulimala kanye waphuka.

We phendula ngokuningiliziwe yombuzo, uyini isikhumba. Ebhekisela manje isifo, okungase babe sesimeni isikhumba, futhi izindlela zokwelapha.

Izifo nokwelashwa isikhumba

Uyini isikhumba? Kuyinto ngenhla lonke igunya. Futhi kanjalo, njengensimbi noma yiluphi olunye uhlaka engumuntu, kungenzeka sigule sibangwe. Yiziphi izinkinga emikhulu ehlobene isikhumba womuntu?

urticaria

Umkhovu kwesikhumba, ububomvu, ukulunywa - abanezinkinga ezifanayo okungenani kanye ezimpilweni zabo wazibonela cishe yilowo nalowo phakathi kwethu, futhi abanye baphathwa ke njalo. Isifuba, okungukuthi okuthiwa lesi sifo kungabangela yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu Ukudla okungalungile, futhi ukuxhumana zokwenziwa impahla, futhi Yebo njengemithi yokungezwani komzimba nokuthile okufanayo. Isifuba ungabahlukanisa kalula kusuka nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba. It libhekene amabhamuza kanye ukulunywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, urticaria siphela ngokushesha (ngaphandle uma isifo esingelapheki). Amashashaza agcinwa esikhumbeni akuyona esingaphezu kosuku. Lapho urticaria ngokuvamile ebekiwe antihistamine ahlukahlukene.

izifo fungal. Rubromikoz

Naphezu komsebenzi impilo ukuze uvikeleke okukhulu, izifo fungal namanje kugcwele umhlaba wonke. I rubromikoz ezivamile. Kuthinta isikhumba izinyawo futhi emphethweni interdigital. Lapho lesi sifo livela mukovidnoe uyaxebuka nokusasamba. Uma iyekwa ingelashwa lesi sifo nge stop kuso sonke ebusweni isikhumba. Lapho rubromikoze linqume yokugcoba antifungal namanxusa keratolytic.

umsubathi

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu we interdigital isifo. Uqhekeko, ziba ngcono, oozing ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sithinta abasubathi, nezisebenzi izitolo ashisayo. Ngempatho esifike ngesikhathi udokotela, lesi sifo kalula wamagciwane izidakamizwa ezivamile antifungal.

microsporia

Esinye isifo esikhumbeni bushelelezi futhi sezinwele enoboya, okuyinto ngokuvamile sithinta abantwana. Iqiniso lokuthi abathwali lesi sifo kuvumelekile. On the isikhumba avele emaphaketheni oyindilinga ne wabuka ecacile. Mhlawumbe ukubukeka pustules kanye flaking. Lapho ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo phezu izinwele ekhanda kungenzeka nasekuhlephuleni 4-6 mm ebusweni isikhumba. Phezu ukuthola foci ezifana lesi sifo kufanele kudokotela. Ngokuvamile, udokotela esabela yokugcoba antifungal futhi isifo ejenti eziphambili, ezihlanganisa ingxenye hormone.

Isikhumba, izithombe zonke izingxenye zalo ethulwa leso sihloko, abaningi ukuhlupheka kubangelwa ukudalula okuthobisayo nezifo. Siye ohlwini kuphela eziyisisekelo iningi labo.