Kuthiwa ama-hormone of nezindlala ngokobulili. Ama-hormone ekhiqizwa gonads

Kuthiwa ama-hormone of nezindlala ngokobulili ukucacisa izici kwabantu nezilwane yesibili ngokobulili. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo zonke izinguquko emzimbeni: elawula inqubo yokuthomba, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda isidoda, ukukhulelwa, ukuzalwa entsha umzimba, ibele nokuningi.

gonads Yangaphakathi uketshezi

I uketshezi sangaphakathi nezindlala ocansini ngenxa ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone ocansini (kokubili kwabesifazane nabesilisa), awo adedelwa igazi. izici zabo ziyisiliva ngokuphongoza nomunye, nakuba ezivezwa omunye izindlela kwamakhemikhali.

I uketshezi we nezindlala ocansini of abesilisa nabesifazane ezahlukene libhekene inani ekhiqizwa estrogens ezahlukene kanye androgens. Lokhu kuchaza umehluko izici zabo zesibili ngokobulili. Ukuze ama-hormone wesilisa kubangelwa futhi gonads zesifazane. Kuthiwa ama-hormone kuthinte ukuthomba intsha.

Ukuthomba emantombazaneni

Girls abaneminyaka engu 10-12 indlala pituitary iqala ukukhiqiza luteinizing (LH) kanye follicle-inkanuko i-hormone (FSH) hormone. Bona kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen wesibeletho kanye progesterone - hormone okuthiwa indlala ngokocansi amantombazane. ukukhiqizwa yabo emzimbeni uchaza ukuqala ngokomzimba eshintsha umzimba yentombazane. I yesibili izici ngokobulili yilezi:

- ekukhuleni nezindlala mammary;

- ukwandiswa okhalweni;

- ukubukeka uboya emakhwapheni futhi izinwele pubic;

- ukukhiqizwa amaqanda nge ezikhiqiza amaqanda;

- ukuqala kokuya esikhathini.

Ukuthomba kubafana

Abafana eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 12-15 nekucala ukukhiqiza luteinizing (LH) kanye follicle inkanuko i-hormone (FSH). Ndawonye kuzala besilisa-hormone ocansini nezindlala, ikakhulukazi testosterone. Lokhu i-hormone ekhiqizwa testes futhi kubangela ukuthuthukiswa yesibili izici ngokobulili abafana. Lezi zihlanganisa:

- ushintsho izwi;

- ukukhula izinwele ebusweni nomzimba;

- ukuthuthukiswa zangasese;

- ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda;

- ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu ezicutshini.

umsebenzi Gonadal

umsebenzi gonadal kakhulu ezithinta izifo eziningi oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Bazimisele by ubuqotho eksisi hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal. Ukuze uqonde ukusebenza kwabo, cabanga hormone ukuthi akhiqizwa indikimba yamadoda nabesifazane, futhi izinkinga ezisuka kusukela ukwephulwa yabo.

Yini ama-hormone akhiqizwa nezitho zangasese abesifazane?

Abesifazane for ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone ocansini kukhona nezindlala wemfanelo ngokobulili, cortex adrenal, futhi umzanyana. Kuthiwa ama-hormone of nezindlala zesifazane zangasese zihlanganisa:

- androgens;

- estrogens;

- progestins;

- follicle eqabulayo i-hormone;

- luteinizing hormone.

Umthelela hormone emzimbeni yabesifazane

Ukwakheka Olinganiselayo lezi izinto has imiphumela ezuzisayo emzimbeni futhi normalizes umzimba, isimo psycho-ngokomzwelo yazalwa ngowesifazana, ukusebenza ngemfanelo kohlelo zokuzala, kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, kuthinta wenzalo nokuningi. isilinganiso sabo kunomthelela oqonde ngqo edingida ezocansi zabesifazane. Gonadal-hormone i-estrogen bese progesterone ngokuvamile alawule ubulili besifazane. Inkathi umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uwubufakazi ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ukwanda isifiso ubulili bubuhle, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwama-hormone.

hormone Sex nemisebenzi yabo emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukuze umsebenzi wonke umzimba. Estrogens ibalulekile ngoba ukusebenza evamile wenzalo zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso esifanele le hormone Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-izibalo, nemvelo, isikhumba nezinwele. Progesterone is nawo owabhalwa indlala adrenal (encane ingxenye) futhi ezikhiqiza amaqanda, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lochubekako ukukhiqizwa yayo ihlangabezana luteum Corpus, bese-placenta. Lokhu imithi ihomoni okuthiwa yi-hormone yokukhulelwa kusukela umsebenzi salo ukulungiselela kwesibeletho ngoba yenzeka umbungu, ezishukumisayo sokukhula. Uma progesterone ingezansi evamile, khona-ke owesifazane kwandisa ingozi yisisu.

Ukuze kukhiqizwe LH futhi FSH (lyuteoniziruyushego futhi follikulostimuliruyushego i-hormone) kuyinto pituitary wemfanelo. FSH kuvusa ukukhula efanele ukusebenza follicle futhi LH enza umsebenzi kanye ezikhiqiza amaqanda futhi ukhiqiza i-estrogen. Prolactin kuyinto hormone we pituitary. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu itholakala ukukhuthazwa webele ukukhula nokuthuthuka amantombazane, kanye nokunikeza lactation e besifazane abaye sebebelethile. Uma kwakuba khona kwamazinga igazi prolactin, ke ithiya ukukhiqizwa kwe-follikulostimuliruyushego hormone, lapho kukhona okusithiyayo engokwemvelo nokuvuthwa follicular kanye nge-ovulation, singekho abesifazane esikhathini ibele. Prolactin futhi uba esibalulekile kule ukuzinza yamanzi-usawoti ibhalansi.

Ukwephula abesifazane hormone

Ama-hormone ekhiqizwa gonads musa njalo bahlale uhla evamile. amazinga estrogen encishisiwe kungase kube uphawu lokungabi bikho nge-ovulation kwabesifazane, ukungazali, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingase zibonise ukuthi egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Ukwandiswa okuqukethwe kwaso isimila ekuthuthukiseni nezindlala adrenal noma gonads. Abantu abathanda akhuluphele futhi ube nenani eliphezulu estrogen.

Kwehliswe amazinga igazi progesterone kungabangela ukuchitheka kwesisu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, abruption esinomhlapho, wokudamba fetus. Abesifazane ngubani unezinkinga progesterone, ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuthola izimila ukhulelwe, bona kungabonakala nasemkhakheni nezinye izifo umthondo, umjikelezo iziyaluyalu nezinye izinkinga zempilo, kuhlanganise nenzalo.

hormone Gonadal kungaba uhlobo inkomba izifo ezihlukahlukene zabantu zibangelwa. Khulisa lyuteoniziruyushego i-hormone egazini eyabonisa pituitary izimila, polycystic amaqanda inclusions, ukukhathala yabo, njalo njalo. Nokho, kungenzeka amazinga ngokuvamile aphakeme kwale hormone ahlobene ne-esimweni esicindezelayo, indlala, ezemidlalo uyakhathaza.

Khulisa i-hormone follikulostimuliruyushego waphawula in iziguli umsebenzi kahle we pituitary futhi ukwehluleka wesibeletho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga layo ngokuvamile kwaphakanyiswa abantu ababusebenzisa kabi utshwala, futhi ngemva-X-ray ukuhlola isiguli. Phakathi menopause anda senani kuyinto evamile. Ukukhulisa FSH ngokuvamile imbangela lesizalo ukopha kanye nokuncipha kubandakanya ukungabi khona owesifazane esesikhathini, ebonwe PCOS kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.

Ukukhulelwa ibele anda amanani ka prolactin egazini kuyinto esimweni esejwayelekile, kwezinye izimo kuwuphawu iziyaluyalu sokugembula. prolactin High kubonisa kokunikezwa kwe-nemisebenzi pituitary yegilo, wesibeletho, kanye nezifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba.

Yini ama-hormone akhiqizwa kwezitho zobulili ezingabantu?

gonads Iduna nensikazi ukukhiqiza cishe leli qembu lama-hormone namanye okuhlukile. Ukuze hormone wesilisa zihlanganisa:

- androgens;

- testosterone;

- follicle eqabulayo i-hormone;

- luteinizing i-hormone;

- SHBG.

Ithonya lama-hormone emzimbeni wesilisa

Follicle-inkanuko i-hormone ezingabantu nayo ezivezwa indlala pituitary. It ulawula umsebenzi nezindlala ngokobulili, kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone, ikhuthaza nokuvuthwa kwesidoda. Luteinizing i-hormone nayo ezivezwa indlala pituitary bese lisebenza njengesimemo ukukhiqizwa ogunyaziwe testosterone kwabesilisa Leydig amaseli, futhi yini ehilelekile ukukhiqizwa ngibopha amaprotheni, ama-hormone, gonads futhi kukhulisa permeability we testes. Testosterone ikhiqizwa nezindlala adrenal futhi gonads, ithinta ukuthuthukiswa izici yesibili ngokocansi e abafana, obandakanyekile ekukhiqizeni kwesidoda, kuthinte potency libido. Testosterone kubalulekile ukuba behlise isidumbu sayo amadoda: ithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-skeleton kanye nemisipha, ngcono isimo psycho-ngokomzwelo, futhi normalizes umsebenzi nezindlala sebaceous.

Prolactin kuveza indlala pituitary ehilelekile ukulawulwa kwamanzi-usawoti ukulinganisela alibale kokususwa uketshezi nezinso kuvusa nokuvuthwa efanele kwesidoda. Estradiol kungokwalabo hormone zesifazane, okuyinto lokukhicitwa amadoda. Isizathu ukuthi lemali anda of fat umzimba kubantu, lapho owesilisa hormone okuthiwa i-testosterone iguqulwe ibe le estradiol zesifazane. SHBG - hormone okuthiwa i-ngibopha globulin, noma glycoprotein ehilelekile ukuthuthwa hormone ocansini futhi kukhiqizwa esibindini.

Ukwephula wesilisa hormone

hormone ocansini Male nemisebenzi yabo kubangele ukusebenza evamile umzimba. Ukwephula hormone wesilisa kungabangela izifo eziningi.

A okusezingeni FSH ezingeni kubonisa ukuhlukumeza umsebenzi gonadal, ukwehluleka kwezinso, izimila ebuchosheni. Esinye isizathu sokuba FSH eziphakeme kakhulu etshwaleni. amazinga aphansi FSH kubonisa ukwehla indlala pituitary noma ngxenye, kanye nasemkhakheni ukukhuluphala. Kwezinye izimo, ukungalingani hormone okuthiwa i kungenziwa ukugqashuka izici engalimazi ngokuphelele, isib, it kwandisa ngemva ukudlula X-ray noma amaphilisi owaphuzayo.

ukwephulwa enjalo kanye nezinguquko imbangela ezingeni luteinizing hormone. Kodwa ngaphezu izinguquko sokugembula emzimbeni, kubangele thuthuva bangaba isimo banal ezicindezelayo, sokuzincisha ukudla, ukukhuluphala noma ukubhema. Ukwandisa inani testosterone egazini iyinkomba yokuthi Hyperplasia kwezicubu adrenal, izimila, nokwehlisa yayo nobuntu ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukukhuluphala, iziyaluyalu we gonads.

Eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi prolactin owesilisa udokotela kunikeza isizathu sokusola nesineke noma hypothalamic pituitary ukungasebenzi, ukwehluleka kwezinso, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi yegilo sifo, izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba kanye nezinye izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela bandise izindlela hormone kungacindezela beriberi, esifubeni umuntu elimele, ukusetshenziswa kunemithi noma amaphilisi owaphuzayo.

Ukushintsha inani estradiol kungenzeka kubangelwa imithi, ukubhema, nendlala, futhi ukuvela izifo ezehlukene ezifana isifo sokusha, isimila wamasende, prostatitis, hyperprolactinemia nezinye. By the way, i-hormone wesilisa ngezinye izikhathi kungatholakala egazini sokukhulelwa (human chorionic gonadotropin), okuyinto eyabonisa nomdlavuza wamasende.

Yini odinga ukuyazi mayelana globulin ubulili i-hormone ubophekile ukusifeza?

I-hormone globulin esibophezelayo ngokuthi glycoprotein. It lubopha ukuze androgens futhi estrogens. Okunye hormone steroid, ezifana progesterone, corticosteroids cortisone nezinye abophezele transcortin. SHBG has izici ezilandelayo:

- Isikhundla elikhulu lama-hormone ocansini, kuhlanganise testosterone ibhalansi okunempilo kanye estradiol, iyona Isakhi esiyinhloko iyiphi isu yokulwa ukuguga.

- A hormone nomthetholawulo ebalulekile testosterone futhi i-estrogen, obhekene ukusatshalaliswa hormone ngokobulili emzimbeni.

- Ukwephula ubulili i-hormone ngibopha globulin elihlobene ne ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi bobubili ubulili kanye nezifo eziningana esiyinyanga, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umzimba syndrome, elele singathatha kwamathambo.

hormone leduna abesifazane

Mhlawumbe omunye kuyokushiya umangele, kodwa abesifazane kudingeka hormone wesilisa. Izinto eziningi ezincane, zingabantu inenzuzo umzimba, inqobo nje uma inombolo yabo kwaba ngaphakathi kwezinkambiso aqine. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone besifazane kunomthelela ubulili babo futhi libido, it has nemiphumela ezuzisayo phezu le sebaceous nezindlala, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nobuchopho umsebenzi. Uma testosterone egazini kuqukethwe esincane, owesifazane ekuphakamisile ukucobeka, ubuthakathaka, kungashiwo, uguqulwe "grey igundane". amazinga ama-hormone ephakeme, ngokuphambene, kwandisa ubudlova, kwenza isibalo kakhulu kunamadoda, kanye avuse izinkinga zesikhumba. testosterone Ukwandiswa kwabesifazane kungase kube ubufakazi zempilo: kokunikezwa kwe-nezindlala adrenal, amaqanda, pituitary noma ngxenye. Kunciphisa emazinga hormone ke kubangelwa ukwehluleka, izinkinga ngesisindo izinso.

Androgen ukungalingani futhi kubangela ukuphazamiseka umzimba. Owesifazane abaphethwe hairiness anda phezu imilenze, izingalo, esifubeni, ebusweni, induna. Amazinga aphakeme androgens kungaholela ukungazali zesifazane, libangela ukuphuphuma kwezisu.

Indlela ukuthatha isivivinyo-hormone?

Ukuhlola izinga lama-hormone emzimbeni, kufanele uyiswe imitsetfo yekuhlatiya igazi emthanjeni. Imiphumela ukuba esinembile, kuhlatiya ukulethwa ayikwazi kudliwa futhi esidlweni sokugcina kufanele uthathe okungenani amahora angu-8-10. Emini, kufanele uyeke ugwayi, utshwala, ucansi, futhi umsebenzi ngokweqile. Ukuziba kwale mithetho kungaholela ukuhlanekezela abalulekile imiphumela.

Abesifazane kufanele wazise umsebenzi wezempilo athathe igazi, usuku umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini noma ukukhulelwa, ngoba ezinye hormone kufanele bathathe kuphela ngezinsuku ezithile, noma-ke ukuthi lokhu kube nomthelela izinga umphumela. Uma kuzoba kudingeka uphindwe ukuhlaziywa emva kokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuba kudlule kokubili ukuhlolwa e-lab efanayo.