Uyini umsebenzi lysosomes kuseli

Kulesi sihloko, siphakamisa ukuthi ucabangele umsebenzi Uhlu Lwemisebenzi Yansukuzonke kuseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizoya ukuze injongo yale organelle futhi oyiyo.

Njengoba siye saba sobala, uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula - kuyingxenye ebalulekile zonke cell. Futhi konke esikubonayo, yini thina uthinte, futhi thina ngokwethu - iyona umakhi, ehlanganisa izinhlayiya eziningi ezincane. Ingqamuzana isakhiwo aphansi block sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni iplanethi. It possesses izimfanelo eziningana ukuthi uyivumele ukuma ngokwa:

• umzimba siqu;
• ikhono nokuzala;
• ayanda (self-sokuvuselela);
• ukuthuthukiswa.

Futhi manje siya sipho oyithandayo kithi organelles, cabangela isimo sawo futhi ukugqamisa umsebenzi Uhlu Lwemisebenzi Yansukuzonke kuseli.

uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula

Manje ngaphezulu sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe leli organelle futhi ikunikeze ngezigaba. Ngaphambi kokuba sibale futhi ucabangele umsebenzi lysosomes kuseli, kubalulekile uma sibala umlando omfushane ukutholakala. Lezi zithutha ezincane ngokokuqala ososayensi lokuqala bathole de Duve kumaseli isibindi. Lo mcimbi senzeka-yalolucwaningo 50 XX leminyaka.

UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula - umgodi egcwele ezihlukahlukene enzyme hydrolytic (bangakwazi ibalwe ezingaphezu kuka-80 zinhlobo). Lizungezwe ulwelwesi, futhi kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi olulodwa. Thayipha idatha organelles akuyona ezifanayo, ezimweni eziningi round ukuma, ububanzi esingeqile 0.8 Micron.

Lysosomal ulwelwesi has iyunifomu ukujiya, permeability, ke siyashintsha ngaphansi kwethonya kwezimo ezithile. Ngakho, labilizatorami (ie, kwandisa permeability) yilezi:

• thyroxine;
• progesterone;
• uvithamini A;
• imisebe ye-altra;
• X-ray;
• umoya-mpilo kanye nabanye.

Kube nomphumela omubi:

• prednisolone;
• cortisone m. p.

Ngo amaseli ezihlukahlukene akuyona inani elifanayo lysosomes, iningi labo ewela amaseli kokuba umsebenzi phagocytosis. Izibonelo zingakhiqiza macrophage noma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Kuhlanganisa yilezo uyakwazi ukumuncwa, uketshezi futhi kukhuthaza. Ziyakwazi:

• amaseli EPITHELIAL;
• amathumbu;
• izinso;
• wesinye t. d.

Manje kafushane phezu Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula. Yabelana ngezinhlobo zazo ezimbili: zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. isitoreji Primary abashiwo. Phakathi yesibili kungathiwa:

• phagolysosome;
• tsitolizosomy;
• amaseli asalile.

imisebenzi

Manje sinikeza khetha imisebenzi embalwa lysosomes kuseli. Ngakho, lapha kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukugaya yeselula;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• kokuphela izakhiwo zangaphandle.

Futhi manje sizochaza kafushane incazelo yegama esingaphezulu kwalemibandela. Mayelana yeselula autophagy ukugaya kanye ungafunda kabanzi ngemininingwane kamuva. Manje - ngalokho umsebenzi wenziwa lapho ukufa uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula cell.

Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi autolysis. UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula ulwelwesi zingephulwa, okwaholela ekudedelweni enzyme abanazo. Njengomthetho, behluleka ukugcwalisa umsebenzi wayo ophambili nosemqoka njengoba uyeke ocushiwe cytoplasm cell.

Ukwephula kuseli eyodwa - akunandaba, kodwa ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani ukube bonke lysosomes aphule oyiyo? Bese kufika ukufa esitokisini. Isibonelo okuphawuleka ukufa autolysis umsila frog unoshobishobi.

ukugaya

Thina okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni ukuthi lysosomes kuseli enze umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla. Sikumema ukuba sihlole kabanzi kule nqubo. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, lysosomes zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili, kulesi simo ukukhathazeka yesibili futhi vacuole wokugaya ukudla. Kuyinto umsebenzi ukugaya kuseli. Lakhiwa fusing lysosomes eyinhloko futhi phagosomes.

vacuole wokugaya ukudla has a usayizi esikhulu, sifinyelela phezulu 1.2 microns. Uqukethe eziningi kakhulu inclusions. Lapha nalaphaya izinto ukucubungula, sabanjwa yezinyoni. futhi ngokuvamile ukuze basuke kugaywe hydrolysis ku ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo izinhlayiya. I last izophela kalula ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi of lysosomes. Okulandelayo, badinga ukwakha entsha cell organelles.

autophagy

Futhi lokho umsebenzi wenziwa kuseli lysosomes? kakade Sithe phakathi kwabo kukhona izabelo ezifana autophagy. Le nqubo libhekene izingxenye Kuthathwa ekubhujisweni cell kanye lysosomes. Ubude ukuhlukanisa 3 izinhlobo autophagy:

• micro;
• Macro;
• shaperonovuyu.

Endabeni uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula lokuqala ithumba doti futhi eziswini kubo ukuze athole amandla noma okwakha. Le nqubo kungenzeka ngesikhathi ukudla. Phakathi macroautophagy kwenzeka autophagosomes lemagalagala lysosomes okuholela autofagolizosomy kumiswa. Izinsalela wokugcina futofagosom kugaywe. Uhlobo lwesithathu kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kuphela ezincelisayo ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka. Nge lolu hlobo autophagy kwenzeka ezokuthutha abahlosiwe amaprotheni e lysosomes.