Iincwadi ezingakatloleki kuhle umkhakha iphepha njengemboni ebhekelele komnotho

Omunye imikhakha endala futhi amaningi asethuthukile komnotho zanoma yiliphi izwe, Russia, ikakhulukazi, kuyinto uginindela iphepha umkhakha. On endaweni ukuvulwa State zalesi sihlahla wokuqala walolu hlobo kuhlehlela emuva enkathini wokubusa uPetru I. Le nkampani wabizwa ngokuthi "Krasnoselskaya Paper Ukukhiqizwa". Kwaba kukhona ukuthi kwase kuqala i-ukuthuthukiswa lonke Russian iphepha umkhakha iyonke.

Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje, lesi sitshalo ubizwa ngokuthi: "Umshayeli Krasnogorodsk uginindela nephepha lokugaya." Uma endulo, nokukhiqizwa nokuqhutshwa izinto kwenziwe imishini zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa manje, sibonga ekuthuthukiseni isayensi kanye nokwethulwa amasha ubuchwepheshe, izitshalo kanye nezimboni zisebenzisa imishini namathuluzi yokuhlangana yasekhaya.

Indaphundaphu nephepha umkhakha kusekelwe ukukhululwa yephepha izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene, ibhodi eziningi emaceleni nge eziningi izakhiwo, kanye imikhiqizo zinto. Fiberboards (eyaziwa ngokuthi chipboard) kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa ekuvikeleni-fibrous futhi imikhiqizo enkulu ukuthi lo mkhakha umnotho. Njenganoma yimuphi zokukhiqiza, uginindela umkhakha iphepha eRussia futhi wonke umkhakha emhlabeni unemiphumela emibi umsebenzi wabo. Ngakho, zingabantu ifolishi imbiliso, ezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali iziqu ekilasini ethylene futhi ama-fatty acid, turpentine, rosin, nokunye.

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi imikhiqizo efana wephepha emaphephandabeni nakomagazini, weGreyidi iphepha kanye layo eliphansi emaphaketheni Analogue, izinhlobo ezahlukene lodonga ezivezwa ukhuni ukucubungula.

Emazweni amaningi namahlathi ematisa izinto yayo yasekuqaleni izimboni ezifana uginindela umkhakha iphepha (70%), bese ezinye. La mazwe i-kwasekuqaleni eFinland. Ngakho, kulesi sifundazwe, kanti kwabanye futhi, ezivamile kabusha iphepha impahla - kabusha noma udoti.

I ubuchwepheshe bamuva, ezisetshenziswa lapho besanda samanje, akuvumela ukuthi sihlanganise amakhadibhodi iphepha ezinye izinto. Umphumela we ucwaningo yimpumelelo walolu hlobo ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa manzi, okuhlala kanye engasindi emaphaketheni izinto asetshenziswa ukuthuthwa, isitoreji nokudayiswa ezithile uketshezi.

Ngokuvamile, uginindela iphepha umkhakha isebenzisa i yayo ngenhloso sonwele nezinye izinhlobo isihlahla lezihlahla. Indaphundaphu etholwe ngenxa ukwelashwa chemical zikaphayini kanye birch.

Iphepha umkhakha eRussia nakwamanye amazwe esetshenziselwa mhlophe Amakhasi iphepha chemical - chlorine. Phakathi isicelo timphawu kwakhiwa compounds nolaka esilimaza imvelo. I abavikeli planethi ngokubambisana nezinkampani yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene aye wakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ngezinhloso-mpilo, nangayiphi indlela kuthinta yokungcoliswa kwamanzi emoyeni. Kuze kube manje, lenqwaba izinkampani uzama ukuya ku ukulondoloza emvelweni ubuchwepheshe.