Vasily Belov, "Lad": isifinyezo

Ukubhala ngabantu kanye namasiko alo ilula. Kunzima ukubhala ngendlela Kwakumangalisa khumbulani izithombe avele ezimibalabala, kwakuzwakala izingoma beshaya ohelezayo zasehlobo ezifudumele. Yilokho ukwazi ukubhala, akubona bonke abantu abazibiza abalobi. Namuhla sikhuluma ngendoda okungavamile ngubani wayephiwe inhlakanipho lokubhala ithalente - Vasily Belov. Kabanzi, sibheka enye incwadi yakhe ngokuthi "Lad". It is Kunikezelwa yokufunda ngezinto eziphila abantu Russian, kanye nezinye ifana igama layo: ". Tindzaba bayo abakhulu" Belov, "Lad" (isifinyezo sezinto iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo esihlokweni) wabhala ngaphansi kwethonya Muse, yini ungabona ngokwakho.

Nasi ngembhali

Vasily Belov kuyinto Umbhali odumile waseRussia, omunye abameleli bhá we okuthiwa "temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba dolobhana". He is nombhali umsebenzi, okuyinto angafundwa hhayi kuphela ngenhloso yekutitfokotisa, kodwa futhi ubuyise ulwazi lwabo mayelana nokuphila namasiko kokhokho bethu. Ulimi belova olunembile, emfushane futhi inemibalabala, ngenxa lokho engqondweni luyakha eziningi izithombe eziholela ukuqonda umphefumulo Russian. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe Belov yayisiboshwe kaningi ukhishwa imiklomelo isimo. Izincwadi zakhe - liyisiqondiso emhlabeni wakudala Russian, okubonakala phambi iso umfundi ngabo bonke ubuhle baso nokwehluka.

Ukudala Vasily Belov

Sithanda ukwazi isifinyezo sezinto belova ( "umfana")? Ukuze idayari yomfundi, ke manje kancane ephansi, futhi manje sikhuluma umbhali, umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila. Zonke umbhali utlole izincwadi ezingu-12, ngalinye elikwazi yitshe eliyigugu inhlobo yayo. Laba balobi abanamakhono wena awusoze wawabhala kaningi kakhulu. Kunomsebenzi omningi kuphela nalabo abasebenza emphakathini futhi ufuna ukwenza inzuzo. abalobi Real ukubhala kuphela uma ungakwazi ungathuli uma zisuthe ngokuhle ugqozi futhi ingasakwazi ngiyigodlele ukugeleza zokudala. Belov imisebenzi zalotshelwa kusukela ngo-1961 kuya ku-2000. Ngesikhathi samanje nosuku, umlobi is abasahilelekile enezinto zokubhala, kodwa usebenza ngokwanele ukuba shí imfihlakalo umphefumulo Russian kanye nokulinganisa ithalente belova. Lodumo weza umbhali ngemva kokuba waqala ukusakaza namajenali ahlukahlukene Tindzaba yakhe ethnographic. Kwakumelwe sifushane kakhulu, futhi umfundi ufuna more and more. Yilokho kwangenza ngacabanga Vasily Belov mayelana incwadi yokuqala, bese elandelayo.

amabhuku

Njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, umlobi utlole izincwadi ezingu-12. Izindatshana zakhe kuqala kubumbi njengoba imidwebo linesizotha indlela enyakatho zokuphila zabantu Russian. Ezinkondlweni zakhe ukhuluma abakhileyo Vologda, Kirov kanye Arkhangelsk esifundeni Russia. Wakwenza kanjani ukwazi? Kikho koke ukuphila kwakhe ayesibekela ukuthi eqoqwe yinoma nangangesihlabathi temlomo Folk songs, izaga, byvalschiny, ukuphila namasiko izinto, kanye ukuqwasha ukutadisha idatha zomlando ukuze isithombe siphelele.

Kuningi okuye kwabhalwa Belov emlonyeni wakhe nonina, owafaka kuye nothando zonke izizwe. Yayingowesifazane obukeka Russian owayehlala ukuphila kwayo konke in the isiko. "Tindzaba bayo kazwelonke" - umthombo owusizo kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo lapho kutadishwa Russian Ethnography owasinika zonke umlobi abanamakhono Belov. "Lad", sifinyeto okuyinto uzobona ngezansi, sabhalwa ngo-1982. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu ingenye imisebenzi engcono somlobi.

"Lad": Part One

Incwadi "Lad" ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu. Ngamunye wabo Sizokwenza ukubuyekeza yezihloko izinto ezithile. Sizobheka zonke izingxenye zale ncwadi, kanye isahluko esisodwa ngamunye kubo. Inhloko is zikhethwa degree of saturation ulwazi kanye ukubaluleka ke embhalweni. Inhloko ingxenye yokuqala okuthiwa "unyaka wonke", "osafunda inkosi", "isiphetho Sputnik zabesifazane", "ngenalithi" futhi "umzuzwana Imise". Lokho okushiwo incwadi Belov ( "umfana")? Okufingqiwe I-idayari yomfundi sizoqukatha amalungiselelo main kwesahluko ngasinye.

Esahlukweni "unyaka wonke" sikhuluma ezine zonyaka. Umbhali echaza ngamunye kubo ngokuningiliziwe enkulu, nokuchaza ukuthi ukuphila wahola abantu ezimweni sezulu ezahlukene. Kulesi amaqiniso ezomile bachazwa akuyona - indaba enikeziwe ngesimo inki indaba. Futhi, umbhalo zingatholakala ubudala saga Russian. Ngamunye isikhathi libhekene yokuthi ngaphandle incazelo wokuphila, ungathola izindaba mayelana isimo sabantu, kanye netinchubo sokugubha imikhosi enkulu.

Esahlukweni "I ngokoqobo futhi amakhosi," sikhuluma imisebenzi ehlukene okwakusemhlabathini obudlange eRussia. Kukhona ngisho incazelo wabelaphi kanye iziphanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlobi uchaza umsebenzi ezenziwa abelusi, abakhandi bezicathulo, ngensimbi, ababazi, abahwebi, Millers, njll Ngemva kokufunda lesi sahluko, kubonakala ukuthi kade kwamaqhaza eziningana - .. Ngakho ngokunembile futhi ngokucace Belov uchaza umsebenzi ngamunye.

Esahlukweni "needlewoman" kuba umbuzo umsebenzi abesifazane, njengoba ukuthunga, ukweluka kanye ukunitha. Kulesi sahluko umlobi ukhuluma hhayi kuphela umsebenzi, kodwa futhi mayelana nendlela abantu besifazane ngokwabo ubungazwa ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa: ukucula, ukuziqambela iculo, ditties futhi wasina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Vasily Belov igxile yokuthi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule ncwadi ibhekwa kungowesifazane, ke lidinga amandla nokukhuthazela.

Isahluko "umzuzwana Imise" utshela mayelana ubuhle: ithambo eqoshwe, amagxolo, blackening isiliva lace. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa ikhono kanye namandla ukuba yenze umsebenzi wayo. INhloko lethiwa, ngoba amakhosi ababekwenza lapho wafika ugqozi, nesikhathi wayeka emhlabeni njengoba nje wobuciko izokwakhiwa.

"Isethelayithi ukudalelwa abesifazane"

Lesi sahluko ingxenye yokuqala yencwadi lakhishwa eceleni akuyona ngengozi. Okokuqala, kuba ngobuningi, kanti okwesibili lapho ezibhekwa zonke izinhlobo womama. Umbhali echaza ngokunemba okukhulu esishukumisa umfundi bagxuma ngempela ku kwenkathi. Futhi, ukunaka kakhulu ikhokhelwa nenani ezingaqondakali of womama. Ngokwesibonelo, yefilakisi Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe umngane zesifazane zokuphila. Ngokusho ezinganekwaneni, lapho owesifazane isebenza yefilakisi, yena ugotavlivaet okwamanje ukudalelwa. A Empeleni kumnandi: amantombazane eRussia waqala ukulungiselela isipho sabo kusukela eminyakeni 7-8. Ngamanye amazwi, kulobu budala bayakwazi ukusebenza nelineni.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ehlangana abantu ezinkolelweni eziyize. Esigabeni ngasinye iyiphi inqubo umsebenzi wahambisana naleli amasiko athile. Isipho belova yona ngaphandle komzamo ukushintsha kusuka langempela ubuciko, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhele izincwadi ezithakazelisayo. Ngaphezu umsebenzi ngamunye, kwakukhona zabasebenzi besifazane ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, njalo ngonyaka ngosuku iza intambo Vytia. Phakathi mgwaqo wadalula izinkuni sledge, futhi bonke abantu ujike isibambo ukusonta intambo. Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo kumnandi abantu, okuyinto abathandwa izingane nasebekhulile.

"Lad": Ingxenye Yesibili

Ingxenye yesibili yale ncwadi liqala ukusitshela ngo-amakhanda ezifana: "Beka abantu", "umbuthano wokuphila", "esidlekeni", "Okudala kakhulu" "Zastolschina", "izingubo", "Imidlalo". Njengoba singabona izahluko yalesi ngxenye yencwadi enikelwe ezimpilweni abantu nsuku zonke. Lapha, ngokungafani kuya kwesigaba sokuqala, isiko, amasiko Akasekho ekhokhelwe ukunakwa ngokwengxenye futhi egcwele.

Inhloko "emakholweni avamile" utshela ngokuphila idivayisi kusukela komunye umkhawulo kuya umkhaya ngamunye. Kubhekwa indlela yokuphila esifundazweni, isigodi, lesifunda, isonto kanye nomndeni. "I-Nest" izobamba indlu isakhamuzi. Umfundi bazovakashela egcekeni, endlini, esibayeni, gumbi nasesikhathini eliphezulu lokubeka utshani. Inhloko "Okudala kakhulu" Sizokwenza izindaba mayelana nendlela abantu wabelane emalanga eliviki futhi ngamunye wabo kwaba ekhethekile. Esahlukweni "nezingubo," umlobi liyakhuluma ngokuphela izembatho abantu Ezenzakalweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi "Imidlalo" ngxenye ikhuluma ngabantu sika Ukumnaka, kumnandi, imidlalo nemilolotelo ethandwa.

umbuthano zokuphila

Isahluko onesihloko esithi "umbuthano wokuphila" kusitshela ngokuphila ngisewusana ukuguga Bayokhuluma iziphi izinyathelo aphethwe yilowo nalowo Russian. konke ahlangana khona nomuntu endleleni yakhe lapha wachaza ngokuningiliziwe. Life - kuyinto isigqi esithile, okufanele uhambisane ukuze uthole umculo amahle. It is subordinated kuphila ngokuvumelana lonke ekuphileni kwabantu Russian. Konke has a ubude besikhathi sakhe: kukhona imidlalo zezinkathi ezahlukene, amaholide, umsebenzi zonyaka, kumnandi, njll Inguquko komunye yobudala esiteji kuya olandelayo kancane kancane, imingcele abukhali awuzange, ngoba ngamunye wazizwa charm isikhathi yayo ...

ingxenye amathathu

Yini ikhiqizwa akuloba engxenyeni yokugcina yencwadi incwadi yakhe, Vasily Belov? "Lad", sifinyeto okuyinto izokuphela, waphetha ikhanda zefilosofi. Lapha umfundi ifunda ukuba kudlule kanjani ngamaholide eRussia. Lokhu uzokutshela ikhanda "kukho konke ukuphila kwabo." Ukuze ufunde indlela yokwakha izindlu, Mills, amasonto nezindawo zokukhulekela, singafunda esahlukweni "Drevotesnoe-iziqobosho". Belov igcizelela izici zenkolo we "Akulona izwi elilodwa." Le ngxenye futhi ngeke ukhulume Folk ebaziwe, imibuzo yefilosofi isiko futhi ukuphila komuntu.

"Ukuqala wazo zonke iziqalo"

Yini kuvula kulesi sahluko Belov? "Lad", sifinyeto okuyinto kancane lapha okuxoxwa ngayo kulesi sahluko likhuluma ngabantu gobe kwabantu, nezimfumbe, yezinganekwane, Folk songs, uyakhalaza, njll Konke okungenhla - .. Ingabe isisekelo ukuphila kwabantu, into uncika nezikhathi ezinzima. Amazwibela Belov ( "umfana") kuphela ingxenye encane yawo wonke ulwazi futhi adlulisele saturation art. Yingakho umsebenzi bhá kufanele ufunde ngokuphelele.

protagonists

Lapho wathatha Imininingwane Vasily Belov? "Lad", protagonists of okuyizinto engenabuntu, - uchaza abantu abavamile nabo ayehlangana nabo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Heroes badalwa prototypes zaziwe abantu: .. Umama, izihlobo, abantu, njll isithombe ngasinye emfushane, kodwa ephelele, yingenxa akayena oqanjiwe. izici ezibalulekile ukuthi ukuhlukanisa umlingisi ngamunye - umsebenzi iphila futhi kanzima, umusa futhi elula ngokomqondo.

Ngamnika okhiye iminyango lasendulo futhi emangalisayo - yilokho wenza Belov. "Lad," ukubekwa ngamafuphi kwesibopho izahluko esixoxe ngazo - lena umsebenzi eziwusizo kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo phezu ethnography we enyakatho yeRussia. Funda le ucezu - a eziphonsa ezweni elihle wawobaba, ukuhlakanipha kwabo idili. "Lad" (Vasily Belov), ukubuyekezwa zazo okunzima ukubathola kwi-inthanethi, akuyona incwadi efundwa kakhulu kunazo zonke. Kungaba eside ukuba sicabangisise ngalokho kuyimbangela, kodwa itholakala zokungazimiseli abantu ukwazi ngomlando wakhe.