Veps - Finno-Ugric abantu abahlala Karelia. ubuzwe Veps

Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngisho nangaphambi lwamaSlav empumalanga (Novgorod) engena ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, indawo enkulu kwendawo yemvelo ezweni ohlangothini lokunene Lake Onega nezizwe isizwe wahlala. Kukhona umbono iguma mayelana nokuthi igama lalo isizwe: yasendulo "zonke" has umsuka efanayo igama Veps yesimanje. Isikhathi ngokwanele olude khona kwalesi abantu namanje ngokuthi Chud, Chukharev futhi kayvanami. abameleli balo besammbela izihlobo zabo ezase zishonile emigodini komhlaba noma bakhelwe "izindlu sokufa" yabo - iqoqo elincane phezu endlini log.

Bend - isizwe, emelela Finnish iqembu ulimi lomkhaya Ural futhi bazibheke amagatsha Karelian. Izihlobo abaseduze we ulimi Karelian, isiFinnish, Izhora.

umlando Vepsians

Akukho lwazi kakhulu ngomlando Veps. Kaningi, akukho ulwazi ngempilo yabo eminyaka.

Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi zonke izizwe zakwa lasendulo wahlala kuphela ezindaweni eziningi elicezile phakathi emachibini, emifuleni nasemaxhaphozini ehlathini. ezolimo amakilasi Bezingekho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abazikhandlayo ungase ukuzisekela. Ngakho-ke, a kwalokho obalulekile bekulokhu lokudoba. Veps futhi matasa bebutha izipho ihlathi. Phakathi amasheya emikhayeni umlinyana ephethwe endaweni abalulekile:

• inhlanzi;
• umdlalo izinyoni;
• uboya;
• cranberry;
• amakhowe.

Zazisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela njengoba ukudla. Inani elikhulu kulezi zizwe amasheya izakhamuzi baphuthunyiswe idolobha fair. Lapho, ngo-exchange ngalababantu babe nobuzwe babantu Veps, wathola imali ethe isinkwa, usawoti, indwangu, amathuluzi kanye ukuzingela kanye nezinye izidingo imikhiqizo yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe.

Ebusika, abakhileyo la mazwe kuvuna ugodo bese uyiswa ukuba i emifuleni elixutshiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, basebenzisa izinqola ezidonsa inqola. Lo msebenzi ubuye Amaholo eyengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Veps waxhumana kweminye imisebenzi:

• itshe-ukusika yezandla;
• zobumba kanye izikebhe katavalnym.

kwezimo zokuphila ezinzima

Ukuze indawo nemizana Vepsian abangu libhekene iqiniso ukuthi kukhona ku yemizila yohwebo, amadolobha kanye nemigwaqo leposi ahlukaniswe ibanga elithileko. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokuthi ayengakhishwa empeleni ehilelekile izinqubo setepolitiki esenzeka isimo.

Naphezu ukwamukelwa kobuKristu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke namasiko Vepsians walondoloza eminingi kazwelonke yasekuqaleni. Kodwa ithonya Russian njalo zazenzela izinguquko zabo nendlela yabo yokuphila, umsebenzi kanye namasiko.

Abanye abacwaningi bathi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, izakhamuzi Belozersk onqenqemeni Poshehonsky ukukhuluma ulimi lwabo ethile, naphezu kolwazi kakhulu inkolo Russian Orthodox.

Okokuqala Zonke-Russian yokubala abantu ngo-1897 Awuwuqophanga nobuzwe babantu Veps.

Kuze Veps ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 baphila ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Umlobi A. Petukhov waphawula ukuthi ukuphila kwabo kwakuvame "emigwaqweni emibi, ukusweleka kokudla, abangafundile, ukuntuleka zolimi olubhalwayo."

nenkathi yamaSoviet zokuphila Vepsians

Ngo 20-30s Vepsians ukuphila isishintshile kakhulu. Ngo-1932, iKomiti owabanjwa mhlaka kumiswa lwezinhlamvu entsha. izinkinga ezifana ziye phambi kwakhe:

• ukuthuthukisa ulimi ebhalwe amazwe amancane ngezilimi zazo;
• ukulungiselela izisebenzi zemfundo kazwelonke;
• ukushicilela izincwadi.

isizinda Latin yasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa zamagama Vepsian. Kuyinto ukuvulwa emzaneni Ukufundwa amakamelo, izikole ezingama-57, ukwakhiwa izibhedlela, iziteshi yezokwelapha, canteens yomphakathi, kuyo. Ngo Lodeinopolsky Othisha College uvula ihhovisi Veps.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa imikhandlu kazwelonke kwamiswa futhi Oyat (Vinnitsa) endaweni kazwelonke.

Ngo iziphathimandla yokubhalisa zamanje phakathi nawo-30 usulungise inombolo enkulu abamele abantu kuleli zwe - ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 35.

Ukuwohloka kwezimo zomnotho kanye nokwehlukaniswa Vepsians

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-30-yalolucwaningo iqala inkathi entsha ekuphileni kwezinceku abantu abanale nobuzwe babantu Veps. Ukushintshwa kwalo kwabonisa indlela zonke izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezenhlalo zezombusazwe ezingalindelekile ezenzeka ngaleso sikhathi ezweni lethu.

Ngokuphindaphindiwe labetibambile kugucuka zokuphatha kanye indawo ngenxa ngalo kukhona ukwahlukana umhlaba Vepsian. Lezi zinguquko olunegethivi kakhulu abathintekayo ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu, eziningi zazo baye bathuthela kwamanye izindawo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izwe ezingasho Veps zapustevali ngokuqondene isimo umnotho ezigodini enyakatho.

Manje isibalo sabantu eRussia abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-13. Indawo lapho Veps yesimanje enyakatho siphile - Karelia eningizimu - Vologda esifundeni, futhi uhlale isilinganiso e Leningrad esifundeni.

Uhlobo Vepsians

Kunzima kakhulu ukukhuluma ngalokho kubukeka possessed Veps lasendulo. Cishe, umphumela nokwenziwa ku izinguquko eziye zenzeka kuwo. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka baye e ukuthintana nanoma imuphi kubantu, ngakho babengakwazi ugweme kuhlangana igazi.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu abantu abavamile Ubonakala lapho uqala nje ukubona Veps yesimanje, lapho ukubukeka ayikhona izici kazwelonke ahlukile. Laba bantu babe izinwele omnyama nomhlophe, umzimba mncane futhi egcwele, ukukhula ezincane nezinkulu, kukhona enhle hhayi kakhulu.

Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, bangabantu abazimele eyayihlala ensimini yabo.

Yabesifazane izingubo Vepsians

Traditional Vepsians izingubo kwaba zemikhosi futhi nsuku zonke. Ngo abesifazane abaningi bosuku abavamile egqoka kusengutsheni yoboya noma isiketi semi yoboya kokuba iphethini longitudinal noma cross-ezimthende. kuncike okuyimpoqo kwaba iphinifa, okuyinto ukuthi la mantombazane ayengahlangene obomvu, futhi abesifazane - black. Long emide nelineni ihembe ukuthi lihlotshiswe nomhlobiso omuhle emphethweni.

Abesifazane ukwazi indlela embroider kahle kakhulu. Ngakho ngokuvamile itholakala Severyanka begqoke 2 noma 3 ihembe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baliphakamisa ngendlela imiphetho zabo zakha ezibanzi. Lokhu kakhulu ngcono ukubukeka okwakukhona abesifazane Veps, ukubukeka kwabo kanye ukuzethemba.

Ukuze sundress kwansuku esetshenziswa ngendwangu Homespun. Ukuze indwangu samaholide izingubo wathenga. Qedela nge sundresses zazisekhona dushegreyku (Vest), futhi emakhazeni egqoka Shugay (Cardigan nge izinkinobho) wendwangu.

Ebusika, abesifazane babegqoka ijazi noboya noma ingubo eyenziwe ngesikhumba semvu. Gala samuntu le ingubo eyenziwe khona ngoboya bemvu obumnyama wamboza emfantwini elikhanyayo kasilika noma uvolo izindwangu kokuba amaphethini ezinkulu.

Lokho ukugqokwa amadoda

amasudi zabesilisa Vepsians lalinabashumayeli shirts ezimbili kanye ibhulukwe eyayibonakala some ngentambo okhalweni. Shirts kuyancipha futhi belted lesikhumba noma amabhande nokwelukiweyo. amahembe sidilizwa efekethisiwe, kuyilapho zanamuhla - ngesineke.

Ekhulwini le-19, thunga phezulu ibhulukwe lakhe baqala ukusebenzisa amnyama Indwangu ezithengiwe. Futhi ushintshe ihembe lakhe, yona eyaqala ukwenza i thunga kusukela chintz uthenge noma Calico. zasebusika zabesilisa wabantu emelelwa amajazi abo ngezidwedwe, semvu elingenamikhono, indwangu ezimboziwe, iqonde collarless amajazi.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19 phakathi samaholide izingubo Vepsians langena ebhantshini lakhe - uhlobo demi-inkathi elingenamikhono, futhi nokuba obuphelele inhlangano kwamadolo.

Izici izindlu Veppsian nemibandela ophilayo

Cishe, Ezezindlu Veps lasendulo cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana kusuka izindlu Karelian. Kwakumelwe isigamu-dugouts lokhuni lwamakholi kumakhabheni nge iziko. Kusukela ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa izindlu ahlukene:

• Barn ukugcina ukudla;
• esibayeni ukuze basibhule wokusanhlamvu;
• indlwana;
• okugeza.

Ukwakhiwa esidlule ngokuvamile ithatha enyakatho Veps. Ingxenye eseningizimu abantu isikhathi eside kakhulu isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezifana, abavamile isihlabathi yasekhaya. Traditional Veps izindlu kwaba lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa endlini futhi bonke izindlu.

Ngaphezu izakhiwo gusset Veppsian Isici esiyinhloko endlini kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa i ngisho inani amafasitela kanye ukungabikho umpheme enompheme. Kwakumelwe izinto ezinjalo yasendlini Vepsians njengoba:

• amatafula, amabhentshi nemibhede sokhuni;
• imbeleko izingane;
• kuhhavini Russian;
• kubhavu nge washstand;
• kuwusongo.

Amasiko Veps

Veps basonta abantu Orthodox. Kodwa u-Adalberto isikhathi eside ukuba libhekene izimpawu zobuqaba. Phakathi Veps babe nabathakathi, ngubani okuxhunywana nemimoya futhi ithumela iphathwa spoilage. Njengoba sekunama-amasonto zezindela, zivuka, kodwa owesifazane ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe + futhi Sage babe.

Bend - isizwe, esesikhundleni amabika yayo nasekukholelweni ezeni. Ukuze ukwakha indlu gqiba indoda kwadingeka ukuba qiniseka "ukuhlenga" ezweni. Izingubo komuntu oshonile wakhetha kuphela mhlophe futhi nakanjani lisuswe.

Kuyinto ngokukhethekile ngoba ukwakhiwa Vepsians ekhaya. Customs lomcimbi zazimi kanje:

• e ikhaya elisha ebusuku okokuqala ake ku ikati;
• kuqala endlini ayenakho ukungena inhloko yomndeni ngesinkwa isithonjana;
• emva ikhanda endlini kuhlanganisiwe umkakhe nge iqhude kanye cat;
• lwendlu endala ibe entsha ukuletha amalahle ashisayo;
• Asilokothi waqala ukwakha indlu phezu umzila.

Vepsians amasiko zihlobene kakhulu izinkolelo zabo:

• esibhakabhakeni imimoya;
• izindlu;
• amanzi;
• wemimoya ihlathi, egcekeni, esibayeni nezinye.

Ngokwesibonelo, emanzini Ngokombono wabo, kwaba ophilayo, ngoba umoya ophila kuwo. Uma ufunde - enganikanga izinhlanzi noma minza isifo nashlet. Ngakho-ke, amanzi akazange aphonse, futhi akazange ahlanze amabhuzu.

Futhi ukudla Veps bendabuko. Yindawo e yayingaphansi izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho uye wasebenzisa isinkwa rye ukuthi kubhakwa ngokwakho, indlebe yakho. bendawo womile iqeda Repnev kvass, oatmeal, isiphuzo kusukela amajikijolo asendle, ubisi elinebhotela. Itiye, kanye nobhiya okuzenzela babe iziphuzo zemikhosi. A inyama izitsha uzilungiselele kuphela ngamaholide futhi umsebenzi okhandlayo.

izinkinga eziningi okwadingeka abhekane nakho lokhu ungubani abantu, ukuba isiko ezithakazelisayo, amasiko kanye zamasiko. Isiphetho abakhileyo ezisenyakatho, kokuba ubuzwe Veps, akukaze kube lula. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, base i abantu abazimele eyayihlala ensimini lakubo lendabuko.