Vertebra wesibeletho: anatomy, isakhiwo. emgogodleni wesibeletho

Emgogodleni - kuyinto ngesisekelo lwamathambo yomuntu futhi omunye izinhlelo zayo ezinkulu. Nguye ivikela emgogodleni isekela umzimba sesimweni uqotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emgogodleni asivikele concussions ebuchosheni lapho ezinyakazayo womuntu. Lokhu kungenxa cushioning okusezingeni eliphezulu yayo izakhiwo. Abakwazi achaze uhlaka ekhethekile yomgogodla - liqukethe 24 amathambo. Basuke zihlelwe ngezigaba ezine nge izakhiwo ezivamile. Phakathi lezi zici ezinkulu ezahlukene ngayinye vertebra wesibeletho. Anatomy, ezifundiswa ezikoleni, akukuniki isithombe okuphelele kwalesi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile utholakala ukulimala yomgogodla wesibeletho. Futhi lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba okwamanje kungokuhluke ethambile. Futhi kuyinto efiselekayo ukwazi umuntu ngamunye, ukuthi izici owenza vertebra ngamunye womlomo wesibeletho.

Anatomy yomgogodla wesibeletho

Emgogodleni has a umsebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu umgogodla Ukuvikelwa intambo. Unikeza ukuqina skeleton kanye ithambisa uthuthumele uma uhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emgogodleni ongenza ukunyakaza ahlukahlukene. Phela, wayehawukela kuyisisekelo lwamathambo womuntu futhi isekela umzimba sesimweni elungile futhi ubamba uthuthumele. UMnyango ngamunye inenombolo yayo ekhethekile kanye nesakhiwo amathambo. Iningi lazo esifundeni thoracic, futhi kukhona enkulu kakhulu. Ngo amathambo lumbar kanye sacrum eseduze kakhulu komunye nomunye, kancane kancane kukhule ndawonye nomunye kobchika. Kodwa yibona abasengozini enkulu futhi ethambile yomgogodla wesibeletho. Siqukethe eziyisikhombisa amathambo, cishe yilowo nalowo ephethe isakhiwo ehlukile. Kuleli qophelo ikholomu umgogodla kancane izimisele phambili ngesimo uhlamvu "c". Emgogodleni wesibeletho iyona mobile kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuba enze ezihlukahlukene ukunyakaza ekhanda. Kodwa ngenxa ababuthakathaka Imisipha yentamo futhi ubukhulu elincane amathambo iyindawo njalo wadalula ukulimala noma umonakalo.

Izici amathambo wesibeletho

Ngaphakathi ikholomu umgogodla kuyinto emgogodleni. Ukuzivikela kwakhe bunikezwa isakhiwo olukhethekile amathambo:

- ngaphambili ingxenye okuthiwa umzimba vertebral futhi has simise cylindrical;

- ngemuva kuye umgogodla intambo isiteshi kuchazwe vertebra arc;

- Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has izinqubo spinous, sigcwele izimbobo imithambo yegazi.

Kodwa akunjalo uyayenza vertebra wesibeletho. komzimba womuntu kusenza siqonde ukuthi kungani kudingeka uqaphe, futhi kungani enza kanjalo abaningi ukulimala zenzeka yomgogodla wesibeletho. Amathambo kule ndawo incane ngobukhulu futhi zintekenteke kakhulu. Ziyakwazi cishe yonke ezahlukene isayizi shape. Insimbi yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi "Atlas", usinikeza emgogodleni ukuze ugebhezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phansi kwakhe ngendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlangene vertebra yesibili, ngokuthi "Axis". Okungajwayelekile e isakhiwo njengoba yesithupha neyesikhombisa amathambo wesibeletho. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo imisebenzi zingabantu ukwenza. Isakhiwo olukhethekile amathambo wesibeletho kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe emgogodleni, ukunikeza ezidingekayo ukudla Głowno ubuchopho kanye nekhono ezihlukahlukene ukunyakaza encane ekhanda.

1 no-2 vertebra wesibeletho

I vertebra eyayibaluleke ngokuthi "Atlas". He is Axial futhi ayinaso umzimba futhi inqubo spinous. Kuleli qophelo yomgogodla ixhuma ithambo occipital, nomgogodla ekhanda. Lokhu kunquma isakhiwo ethile "Atlanta": liqukethe lwesikhathi ezimbili, emngceleni umsele umgogodla. Phambi kwabo yakha Bump ezincane front futhi bakhulise - ukucindezeleka, lapho kuhlangene nenqubo odontoid we vertebra yesibili. Umhlane ine inkatho arc lapho itholakala umfula vertebral. Top ingxenye glenoid "Atlanta" kuyinto convex, futhi phansi - flat. Iqiniso ukuthi ithatha isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi yomgogodla futhi ikhanda, uyachaza ukuthi kungani isakhiwo sinjalo vertebra lokuqala wesibeletho. Anatomy futhi ucabangela izici vertebra yesibili, ngokuthi "Axis". Anakho "kwamazinyo" abukhali, okuyinto phezu pivots lomnyango "Atlant" nekhanda lakhe. isakhiwo esinjalo lesibili vertebra wesibeletho inikeza ikhono ukuze kukwazi ukunyakaza ngendlela ukujikeleza ikhanda nemithambeka. Phakathi "Alanta" futhi "Axis" akukho disc intervertebral, akha kwakwakhe eziyinkimbinkimbi uhlobo ngokuhlanganyela. Ngakho ngokuvamile kule ndawo amacala okulimala ezephula amandla ubuchopho.

6 no-7 amathambo wesibeletho

Down yomgogodla womnyango a ekwandiseni kancane. Nangu enkulu 7 vertebra wesibeletho. Waze ukhuluma, abantu abaningi bangayithola ngasekhanda esitshekile phambili. Ngakho, ubizwa ngokuthi isinyathelo. Lokho ngokuvamile ngamakhasimende count vertebral. Ezansi it has a inkatho. Le ndawo ixhunywe ubambo kuqala. 7 vertebra wesibeletho has esinye isici - ukuvuleka e izinqubo transverse of yakhe noma kancane kakhulu, noma cha nhlobo. Anakho engu- eside futhi omunye inqubo elikhulu spinous, okuyinto, ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye musa bifurcated. Ngalesi vertebra ubabonisa transversely Vienna, futhi nguye kuphela ukuba amabili namabhuzu emsipheni izimpande. Ngokuvamile kule ndawo futhi kukhona sebethule nosawoti kwakhiwa projecting "Withers". 6 vertebra wesibeletho ubizwa nangokuthi "bayozela." Leli gama yanikelwa ngenxa yokuthi ngaphambili idolo lakhe itholakala esondelene kakhulu Umthambo carotid, futhi, uma kunesidingo, udokotela ukudansela isiginci sakhe kuye ukuze kunqandwe ukopha.

Ezinye izindaba zika-amathambo: isici

Ukuze umzimba womuntu ukusebenza evamile yomgogodla wesibeletho kufanele kube mobile kakhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa oyiyo ekhethekile. Wesibeletho amathambo umuntu ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ube usayizi encane kakhulu. I izimbobo futhi emzimbeni yabo enkulu ngokwanele ezifanayo shape unxantathu. Emaphethelweni engenhla amathambo aphume ashone kancane, ukwakha usebe. Lamukele izinqubo zabo zimfushane futhi etholakala kancane engela. 3, 4 no-5 amathambo wesibeletho zisekhona izinqubo encane transverse kanye spinous ku imikhawulo okuhlukene. Izinqubo transverse kukhona amathuba imithambo yegazi. Kuyinto ngabo main Umthambo vertebral ukuthi feeds ubuchopho.

Kungani udinga kulesi sakhiwo

umzimba womuntu yakhelwe ngokuhlakanipha, akukho engadingekile, futhi yonke imininingwane enza imisebenzi. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi nomgogodla wesibeletho. amathambo akhe isakhiwo ekhethekile kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kangcono entanyeni, kanye nokuvikela asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Ngokuvamile, kuba isimo kule ngxenye ikholomu umgogodla kuncike empilweni yomuntu. Le ngxube eziyinkimbinkimbi senzelwe ukuvikela umgogodla amathambo futhi isiqu imithambo yegazi ekulimaleni. A isakhiwo amathambo wesibeletho kanye izinqubo eziningi kungandisa endaweni okunamathiselwe kubo zemisipha. Phela, lokhu uMnyango emgogodleni yomuntu mobile kakhulu. Uxhumano obukhethekile phakathi amathambo ngesikhathi kangako, kodwa functional ngaphezulu.

Ukulimala umgogodla kabuhlungu emgogodleni wesibeletho

Abakwazi zenzeka ngenxa umthelela entanyeni, buhlungu eqinile ekhanda noma falling. Ngisho ummango abukhali noma kokuphenduka ikhanda kungaholela ukulimala amathambo wesibeletho. lokhu kwenzeka kaningi lapho diving emanzini endaweni engajulile. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi ukulimala ziyabulala. Ngisho uma ukwa noma dislocation disinfected ngempumelelo, ingaqala eziyingozi. Ngempela, amathambo kanye intervertebral akwazi ukugcina kule ndawo zintekenteke kangangokuba basabela yimuphi ukunyakaza kungazelelwe noma lapho lishayeka ekhanda. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi imiphumela ukulimala akuyona ngokushesha avele imifantu encane izinqubo articular ka amathambo awabonakali, ngisho ama-X ray. Futhi ngemiphumela lungase lube lukhulu ngokwengeziwe kuwo. Hlobo luni umonakalo nomgogodla wesibeletho avame:

- nemisipha idabukile;

- ephula akwazi ukugcina intervertebral;

- subluxation futhi dislocation ka amathambo;

- displacement amathambo;

- waphuka.

Kungani uhlobo esiyingozi umonakalo

Ngisho izinguquko ezincane isakhiwo amathambo kuhilelani izifo kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke lapho herniated disc intervertebral noma pathologies:

- ubuhlungu bekhanda;

- isiyezi;

- ubuthakathaka jikelele;

- Gait nasiphazamiso, kodwa inkulumo noma umbono.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ecindezeleke Umthambo vertebral kanye nemithambo yegazi ubuchopho. Lapho kukhona ingozi yokulimala sina kokuba ezilimele amathambo zadenut umsele umgogodla. Kungaholela ukukhubazeka, ukuphazamiseka inhliziyo noma ukufa. Ubungozi ukulimala yomgogodla emqaleni yokuthi akusiyo njalo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukucacisa ngobucayi ukulimala. Ngezinye izikhathi nje ubuhlungu lapho ezihambayo noma ukuvuvukala khombisa.

Kanjani ukwelapha isifo sokukhubazeka komgogodla wesibeletho

Ukuze ukulimala yomgogodla kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze ugweme izinkinga. Into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukulungisa entanyeni esimweni isilungisiwe. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze amathambo obonakele musa ona le umgogodla intambo noma igazi emithanjeni yakhe. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa corset ekhethekile semi eqinile. Uma kungekho iziyaluyalu esithinta izinzwa, ukuphathwa kungaba kwenziwe ekhaya, kodwa sekuhloliwe kadokotela. Endabeni ukulimala wamaphaphu kuyadingeka ukuze kukhawulwe umsebenzi locomotor futhi silungise entanyeni isikhundla fixed esebenzisa collar ekhethekile eqinile. Ingasetshenziselwa ezinsukwini zakuqala ukulibopha ngezindwangu ezibandayo noma novocaine ukuvinjelwa indawo ngeminjunju eqinile. Uma kunjalo, ibonise Physiotherapy, massage, futhi lapho esalulama - Physiotherapy.