Ikholomu yomgogodla womuntu: isakhiwo. Umgogodla wesibeletho

Umgogodla womuntu, ngamanye amazwi, ikholomu ye-vertebral, iyisakhi esisekelayo esiyinhloko samasipha. Yakhiwa ngama-vertebrae ahlukene, ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngokuhlanganyela kwe-intervertebral, futhi avela esisekelweni skull, lapho i-vertebra yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi i-atlas, ifakwe. Lokhu okunamathiselweyo kuhanjiswa ngama-atlanto-axial nase-atlanto-occipital. Ukuxhumeka kohlobo olungelona oluqinile kunokuhamba okukhulu okukhululekile. Ezingxenyeni ezingezansi kwekholomu yomgogodla womuntu ngokungahambi kahle, lapha ezinhlangothini zixhunyaniswe neleum ye- pelvis ngosizo lwamalungu e-sacroiliac.

Ikholomu ye-vertebral: i-Anatomy

Umgogodla wesintu esimweni saso unezinhlaka ezingu-5-izingxenye. Mangaki ama-vertebrae emgodleni womuntu? Impendulo yangempela ayikho. Ngempilo egcwele, kunama-vertebrae angama-32 kuya kwangu-34, ngoba inani lawo elisekholini lomgogodla lixhomeke ngokuqondile esakhiweni segumbi lokugcina (coccygeal), elibandakanya kusuka kokubili kuya kwezingu-4 ezikhohlisayo, esikuthole kubazali bethu kusukela embusweni wezilwane.

Igoba

Esimweni esivamile, isimo esiphephile, akusikho nezezinga, kodwa sinamaphiko emvelo emkholwaneni womgogodla. I-anatomy yalokhu idala izimo zokulondoloza ukulinganisela okuqondile nokubekezelelana kwezenzo ezihamba phambili zezimoto. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yikuphi ukugoba okukhona kukholomu ye-vertebral yomzimba womuntu, kubalulekile ukucubungula uhlelo lwayo bese uqonda ukubaluleka kokuma kwesakhiwo esenziwe ngendlela ejwayelekile.

Kuphelele, kunezintambo ezine emkholini womgogodla esimweni esivamile: 2 - i-ventral (okungukuthi, nge-bend phambili), 2 - i-dorsal (ene-bend back). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoba kwama-vertebral womuntu kufana nokuxhumeka kokumiswa, izibalo ezivame ukuhlangana nazo zivame ukuhlangana, lapho umlingisi oqondile wekholomu eba nethonya elithile, kusukela kulokhu ukugoba kuyaguquka, futhi isikhundla somzimba esidalwe yizo izinguquko ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubunjwa kwezinguquko ezibuhlungu, ukugoba okuvamile okujula ekujuleni kwenhlalakahle. Khona-ke ukugoba ukujula kwesigaba esithile kuqiniswa, futhi ngenxa yendlela enjalo, izinguquko ezihambelana nazo zakhiwa ezingxenyeni ezisele zomkholomu wokugcoba.

Iminyango yekholomu yomgogodla

Umgogodla uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinhlanu ezilandelayo: umlomo wesibeletho, i-thoracic, i-lumbar, i- sacral (sacrum), i- coccygeal.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukugoba kwekholomu yesiguli somuntu kunesixhumanisi neminyango yomgogodla. Umgogodla wesibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho ugobile phambili (noma i-lordozis), i-thoracic kanye ne-sacral, ngokulandelana, endaweni yokuma (noma i-kiphosis).

Umgogodla wesibeletho unama-vertebrae ayisikhombisa ahlukile, futhi unamandla amakhulu kakhulu. Umzimba womuntu onempilo uyakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zokunyakaza nezokujikeleza zekhanda, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwentambo ngenhlukumezo enkulu ngokwanele. Ukuguquguquka okunjalo okungenakucatshangelwa kubangela isakhiwo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ngokunembile, okuyingqayizivele ye-vertebrae yokuqala yokuqala:

• I-atlas, ehlome izibambo ezimbili, ayinakho umzimba;

• i-epistrophe inezinqubo zayo ezinamazinyo, lapho kuzungezwa khona ukunyakaza kwezitshalo.

Umnyango weThiracic

Isakhiwo se-thoracic umgogodla ukukhanya kakhulu. Umgogodla esifundeni se-thoracic uhlanganisa ama-vertebrae ayishumi nambili ngezimbambo ezifinyelela ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngaphambili kwe-trunk, izimbambo zihlangene nge-sternum futhi ngaleyo ndlela zakha okuthiwa i-thorax-imfundo yokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwezitho zangaphakathi ezibalulekile - inhliziyo namaphaphu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isakhiwo se-thoracic ingxenye yekholomu ebantwini kufana nesilwane semfuyo ye-vertebrate. Wonke ama-vertebrae ayishumi nambili we-thoracic ingxenye afana nesakhiwo sesimo. Ukuhlehla kuphela esifundeni se-lumbar, imizimba ye-vertebral yanda ngobukhulu futhi ibe yinto enkulu kakhulu.

Ingxenye ye-Lumbar ne-sacrum

Ikholomu ye-vertebral (isakhiwo) se-lumbar spine yenza izimo zokusebenza kwezenzo ezihlukahlukene zezimoto - kuguquka kwe-trunk, ukujikeleza nokuthambekela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ikholomu ye-vertebral esifundeni se-lumbar ibhekene nomthwalo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-vertebrae angaphezulu kakhulu kunamacembu angaphambilini: imingcele yomzimba ikhuphuka kusukela phezulu phansi (kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kweyesihlanu).

Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, umsi womuntu esifundeni se-sacral unama-vertebrae amahlanu ahlukene. Kodwa kancane kancane ukuthuthukiswa kwikholomu yomgogodla kubangela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-vertebrae nokwakhiwa kwengxenye evamile yesakhiwo - i-sacrum.

Umnyango weCoccygeal

Ikholomu ye-vertebral ekuhlukaneni kwe-coccyx ine-vertebrae engama-3 kuya kwezinhlanu. Ngaki ama-vertebrae engxenyeni ye-coccygeal inganqunywa kuphela ngosizo lwe-instrumental examination (i-radiographic noma i-tomographic).

Ukwakhiwa kwekholomu yomgogodla

Ukuxhuma kwe-vertebrae emibili, emi endaweni, kwenziwa nge-disversionbral disks, enezinhlobo ezahlukene. Banikeza insika yeplastiki nokuqina. Ama-discs amakhulu kunazo zonke izingxenye ze-lumbar nezibeletho zomgogodla womzimba womuntu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu ukuhamba okuhle ne-disk amandla, lezi zingxenye zalimala kakhulu. Kanti futhi ngokuvamile i-discs yakhelwe ama-herniated futhi ahlukahlukene ngendlela ehlala njalo ye-pathology ye-musculoskeletal system. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo luyi-osteochondrosis, inqubo ephikisayo ye-pathological disversion of discs.

Umgogodla womuntu wakhiwe kusukela e-hotel formations anatomical - ama-vertebrae, ama-discs intervertebral namajoyina e-articular (amalunga).

Imisebenzi yomgogodla womuntu

Ikholomu lomgogodla yisistimu eyinhloko yemisipha yomzimba. Futhi kwenza kube lula ukugcina ibhalansi ye-trunk, isebenza njenge-axis motor futhi yenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela. Imisipha yekholomu ye-vertebral inhlanganisela nesistimu yezinzwa zomphakathi yenza izimo zezenzo ezilandelayo:

• Izitayela ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene;

• I-Extensor flexion ne-croxion;

• izinyathelo zokujikeleza ezungeze i-axis yayo;

• I-Bipedal.

Ingxenye yomlomo womlomo wesibeletho (kusukela owesithathu kuya ku- vertebra yesikhombisa ), izingxenye ze-thoracic nezindwangu zinikezwa isakhiwo esifanayo samalungu angama-intervertebral, ngaphandle kwe-vertebrae yokuqala neyesibili eguquliwe yesigcawu somlomo wesibeletho nomzimba womuntu omdala (uqukethe ama-vertebrae amahlanu ahlanganisiwe futhi aphephile ngokuphelele).

Ama-intervertebral joints atholakala ezinkambeni zama-vertebrae futhi adale izimo zekhono leselula lekholomu. Ukuhambisa i-vertebra ethize cishe akunakwenzeka, njengokuphazamiseka kokunye kwe-vertebra eyodwa ngokushesha kusakaze eduze. Ukuhamba okukhulu kunazo zonke kunikezwa izindawo zokubeletha nezibeletho, ama-vertebrae okunye angathutha kancane.

I-pathologies ejwayelekile kunazo zonke kanye nekholomu ye-vertebral: ubuhlobo bomshado

I-anatomy yengxenye yomlomo wesibeletho yenza kube isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka sokuqala kwe-osteochondrosis. Le ndlela yokukhubazeka iqukethe inqubo eguquguqukayo yokuguqulwa kwama-intervertebral diss of nature engekho ukuvuvukala. Ngalesi sifo, izicubu ezixhumene nezixuku zibandakanyeka kule nqubo. Isifo esifanayo siqala emgodleni we-lumbar, futhi ingxenye ye-thoracic ayibonakali kalula.

Izindawo ze-Lumbar nezesibeletho zijwayele ukwakheka kwama-disc-intervertebral discs - Schmorl. Le nqubo ibonakala ngendlela ye-nucleus ye-gelatinous ephuma ngaphandle kwemingcele ye-disk. Lezi zifo ziqhutshwa yizinkinga ezivela ohlelweni lokujikeleza nolwesabekayo, ngoba lezi zinhlobo zingase zifake imithwalo yegazi emgodleni (vertebral), kanye nezimpande zamagundane ezisuka emthonjeni womgogodla. Ukucindezela kokugcina kubizwa ngokuthi i-radiculitis, ngoba izimpande zivutha ngenxa yokucindezela.

Umgogodla wesintu ungase ube nenqubo yokuvuvukala (kubandakanya ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo noma ukuhlukumezeka) kumalunga - isifo samathambo.

Ngokomtholampilo, izifo eziningi ezihamba emgodini ngezinhlungu ezinkulu, kwehla ukuhamba kwekholomu kanye nezinye izimpawu.

Wonke ama-pathologies ahlongozwayo adinga ukwelashwa okwesikhashana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukungenelela okusheshayo.

Ingozi ikhona futhi ukulimala kwikholomu yomgogodla.

Usizo lokuqala ekutholeni ukulimala

Kudingekile ukuhlinzeka ngesimo esinqunyiwe esiphambene nesandiso esiphezulu somgogodla nokungahambi kahle ngaphambi kokufika kwe-ambulensi. Kuvinjelwe ukuphoqa umuntu omele ukuba athuthe futhi athuthe, ngoba kukhona amathuba okulimala okusha futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinkinga. Ukuthuthwa kwabalimele kuvunyelwe ezimweni ezihlukile - uma kwenzeka ingozi ngenkathi ushiya kusayithi.

Ikholomu ye-vertebral yomuntu iyisakhiwo esiyingqayizivele emzimbeni onikwe ukwesekwa, ukuvikelwa, imoto imisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa kwesimo somzimba, ukuvinjelwa kwamathambo kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe impilo. I-vertebrae kanye nekholomu ye-vertebral, ngokuzikhethela kwesakhiwo sabo kwezinye izindawo, kunika amandla umuntu ukuhamba ngokuqondile futhi akhokhele imithwalo eyenza izingxenye zomgogodla futhi alondoloze ikhono lemoto kulo lonke impilo.