Vladimir Monomakh. Inqubomgomo Foreign futhi yi yayo

Ukuze Russia ekupheleni XI kanye ikota yokuqala yekhulu XII, kwavela umbusi onjalo, uVladimir Monomakh, kwaba insindiso ngezindlela eziningi: isiko, ezombusazwe angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo, izincwadi. Ngokwe izincazelo bokuzibonela, wayengumuntu sikahulumeni ehlakaniphile nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kakhulu Umuntu onomusa, nakuba abaningi yezenzo zakhe ziphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. UVladimir Monomakh, inqubomgomo angaphandle okuyinto kuyahluka izindlela ngokwanele eqinile ophoqelelwe abahloniphe emazweni united Russian zonke uthi angomakhelwane. Ngenxa yalokho, i-izinga ezinjengomusa, isicelo kuphela esizwe nabo, owavele, ongaphansi ngokuphelele intando isikhulu Kiev.

Umgwaqo eside ukuze amandla

Umzukulu edumile Yaroslava Mudrogo, indodana ozithandayo yakhe Vsevolod futhi (mhlawumbe) indodakazi WaseByzantium uMbusi uConstantine Monomakh, lowo ngofuzo isidlaliso, uVladimir II zaqala lokumba butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela uhulumeni. Ngo Pereyaslavl-South umlawuli, waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi uphathe retinue kayise. Kulo msebenzi, uye wahlupheka ukunqotshwa eziningana empini. Lokhu wamnika nakho okwengeziwe bempi ukuxoxisana isitha. Phakathi nokubusa Smolensk futhi Chernigov umhlaba ke athole igunya sabantu futhi yakha squad okungukuthi kuhlelwe kahle futhi onekhono.

Kakade kulesigaba kungabonwa kutibophelela division izinduna nge timfuno wonke amazwe isiRashiya, ezoqhubeka liqalise esikhathini esizayo Kiev Prince uVladimir Monomakh. Inqubomgomo Foreign kuba ukucindezelwa onzima nokungena ku ezindaweni angaphansi kokuqondisa kwawo yibo bobabili abantu abayimizulane kanye amazwe abanethonya, ngisho ezifana yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Ngemva kokufa kukayise, owabusa Kiev, wayengase zilawule amandla endleleni, kodwa yenza isinqumo esihlakaniphile yini ukulandela oda ngokulandelana, adalwe Yaroslav Ohlakaniphile, hhayi ayobhebhethekisa ubudlelwane nzima kakade phakathi izikhulu-izingane zandawonye. Ngokusho isimiso ubudala Kiev umhlaba phathelana uphathe Svyatopolk futhi uVladimir kwaba ngesikhathi sokubusa Pereyaslavl. Ngaleso sikhathi, yena besekele umzala. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze waqala netimiso elibusayo izikhulu isiRashiya, nixoxe ngezinkinga ezivamile futhi ubeka nobumbano bevikela isimo kusukela kuphangwa Polovtsy.

Kwangaphandle kanye inqubomgomo yangaphakathi phakathi nokubusa Vladimira Monomaha

Kusukela 1113, ngemva kokufa Svyatopolk, uVladimir Monomakh ngokuthi ezweni lakwa-Kiev, kodwa sinqamukile isimiso ubudala, kulandela isikhulu kufanele kube u-Oleg. Esikhathini esizayo, lesi simo kakhulu izinkinga ubuhlobo phakathi umndeni kuyosishintsha impi. wokubusa eyandulela wakhe kwaholela ukunganeliseki mass, ikakhulukazi kwabampofu. Sekuvele ngalokhu izibhelu siphakamisele ibe isifo usekela, okuyinto ngokushesha suppresses entsha Kiev Prince uVladimir Monomakh.

inqubomgomo uVladimir Monomakh usukela bha. Lokhu Inyunyana wonke amazwe ehlukene Slavic ngaphansi kodwa akhulume ngombusi oyedwa. Ubukhulu run by nabafowabo namadodana, kufanele uhambisane ngokucacile nge Kiev emkhakheni kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Ukuhlanganisa kwamazwe Russian kuye kwaholela nokwanda okuphawulekayo amabutho isimo futhi wamiswa njengelungu amandla European, okungase ungazinaki zonke ezinye izizwe. inqubomgomo umbusi uVladimir Monomakh ngaphakathi ezweni sasiqine ngokumelene izikhulu, ogama amandla kungagcini futhi wanikeza inkululeko abanye kubantu abasebenza ezivamile. "Charter" yakhe yayihloselwe ukusekela ababazi, serfs, omsebenzi wakhe enikeziwe ukuzinza nezomnotho kuleli zwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhulu isinyathelo ngokuqinile futhi empini. Polovtsi isikhathi eside uyesaba yegama izingane zabo (Vladimir Monomakh). Inqubomgomo angaphandle wokubusa kwakhe kuchazwa nokulondoloza izimpi njalo olunegazi inqophe ukunina igunya isimo kuphinde kuvikelwe namalungelo kanye nemikhawulo yalo. Yena kuyimpi dwellers asemaqeleni, unqoba eziningi futhi baphethe zezivumelwano zokuthula. Kusukela 1116 kuphangwa Polovtsian neRussia wayeka ngokuphelele. Inqubomgomo Foreign Vladimira Monomaha ngokumelene eByzantium Ubuye uhlamvu nolaka. Kusukela 1116 yena ulwa amaGreki, ithumba emadolobheni amaningana eDanube. Umphumela lomkhankaso ukuthula kwaphela 1123. Umzukulu Monomakh iba unkosikazi kombusi WaseByzantium. Ngesikhathi esifanayo e uphawu parallel isivumelwano sokuthula, futhi waphetha imishado dynastic nababusi emazweni amaningi aseYurophu (eHungary, ePoland, Sweden, eDenmark, eNorway).

nakumasiko

Phakathi kumiswa Russia njengoba isimo esisodwa noma indinganiso sasivumela eliphansi eziphilayo. Empeleni, amazwe eyayihlala izizwe Slavic uqhubeke ukhona emphakathini lasekuqaleni. Izinga isiko lamazwe medieval European ngaleso sikhathi lalilikhulu kakhulu kunalokho, kodwa uVladimir Monomakh, inqubomgomo angaphandle okusho ukuhlanganiswa yeYurophu, ngokushesha okukhulu alethwe kuleli zwe ukuba isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa, ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubunikazi amagugu Slavic akhona namuhla. Ukubusa kwakhe kwaba ukwakhiwa amasonto amaningi amathempeli, ukuthuthukiswa yokubhala futhi izincwadi, izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo.

Ukubaluleka komlando

Ngo 1125, uVladimir Monomakh wafa. Akekho noyedwa kulaba babusi odlule futhi okwalandela ayitholanga badumise encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla futhi Folk yezinganekwane. Yena waziwa ngokuthi umholi wamasosha ohlakaniphile futhi nje isikhulu, abanamakhono futhi kuphumelele, efundile indoda ekhaliphile futhi lunomusa. Imizamo yakhe ukuhlanganisa amazwe Russian kanye nokucindezela zombango isisekelo ukwakheka isimo eqinile futhi enobunye, okuyinto kuqale ukuvela ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele njengoba umlingani onokwethenjelwa futhi isitha esesabekayo.