VNO - Iyini?

Namuhla, cishe zingamaphesenti, ngeke ukuhlangabezana indoda, ungoyedwa ongazazi ukuthi pheromone. Amakha pheromone, "ukunambitheka isilingo 'singavela futhi nephunga uthando - kabanzi abakhangisi nabakhangisi imigomo. uhlelo olfactory ukuthi unesibopho bangabonwa ngezimpawu zamakhemikhali oluyingozi ezihambisana nemizwelo ngokocansi kanye kwabakhulelwe, ilawula neuroendocrine izimpendulo zokuziphatha, ebizwa ngokuthi vomeronasal. Futhi umnyango eyinhloko yokwamukela zalesi simiso - isitho vomeronasal. Lubhekele nokuxhumana eziphilayo zohlobo olulodwa, kamuva nje latholakala abantu futhi wafakazela yendima yayo ebalulekile enhlanganweni ekubumbeni ikhaliphe kokuziphatha.

Lithandana pheromone

Konke lokhu kwaqala ngo-1870 lapho isazi sezinto eziphilayo French Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre ngakwesokunxele (1823-1915) kafushane laboratory butterfly. Ngemva kokubuyela e-lab, wabona ukuthi iwindi ecakashile izimvemvane owesilisa ambalwa. Futhi noma yini ekamelweni kabaze baba lakho ukuma insikazi, iduna amlandela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho umqondo wegama elithi "attractors" eziphilayo - ikhemikhali uqokomisa zesifazane ukuheha kwabesilisa. Kuphela ngo-1959, njengoba sengike zanqwabelana ulwazi olwanele volatiles kanye nendima yabo ukuziphatha zokuzala we Isazi sezinambuzane Swiss Martin Lüscher (1917-1979) wethula umqondo wegama elithi "ama-pheromone" (ukuhogela i-pheromone), njengoba kwakhiwa leli gama kusukela nokuhlanganiswa amagama YesiGreki "ukudlulisa" futhi " ukugqugquzela. "

Pheromone izitshalo nezilwane

biology Modern ngaphansi leli gama ehloselwe iqembu oluyingozi chemical compounds ukuthi ukhiqize izitshalo nezilwane okuxhumana, okuwuphawu nqgo ngokobulili. Pheromone akuzona nje incazelo ngokobulili, nakuba lokhu yemisebenzi yabo oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke futhi ezithakazelisayo. On ukubaluleka bangaba nobuhlobo naye babe indawo (izilwane iphawule indawo), abaqondisi (izintuthwane ukukhombisa indlela nabo), nemithi yokuxosha (izitshalo zingawubangi izinto isignali kulokhu kuhlasela izinambuzane) kanye nabanye abaningi. I ukuhogela i-pheromone okokuqala kumhlophe ahlukanisa ngo-1956 futhi kwaba enamandla attractant Butterfly amacimbi kasilika - aphoqeleke abesilisa ukushaya amaphiko "likhona umdanso" kule ngemithamo sakugcina kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi uma omunye izimvemvane wesifazane ukwaba ngokushesha yonke isitokwe we ukuhogela i-pheromone, kungaba ukuheha izindodla kwabesilisa. Uma kukhona ama-pheromone, kufanele kube khona uhlelo nombono wabo.

Evolution vomeronasal olfaction

VNO livela kuqala eziphila emanzini nasezweni, izilwane kulesi simiso isivele ingxenye izinzwa ehlukile futhi isibani, uqwanga, imithambo yegazi kanye nezindlala. I embryogenesis lokhu umzimba wonke amaqembu kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane ukuze indoda. Ezilwaneni omdala ukuthuthukiswa yayo ihlukile ekuhlabeleleni ngenkuthalo egijima (eziphila emanzini nasezweni, inyoka, ikati, inja) kuya encishisiwe kanye ukungabikho ingqikithi (imikhomo, amahlengethwa, amalulwane).

isitho Jacobson sika

Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule, Ludwig Dane Jacobson (1783-1843) wachaza iqembu lamaseli ise ithambo Yekhanda phakathi impumulo nomlomo. Lezi neziqhingana receptor ngaphandle olfactory nokunambitha, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi isitho vomeronasal. isitho Jacobson sika iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu izinambuzane, izinyoka namagundane, nezilwane. Ukuhogela, amakati umlomo ngezinye izikhathi kancane evulekile, kunjengokungathi obuhlinayo. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwandisa komoya ohlakeni vomeronasal in namakati. Kodwa inyoka ukwandisa bezibona pheromone Translational ukunyakaza olimi. Ngakho-ke, lapho le nyoka kwenza ukunyakaza okunjalo - ke akazami ukungethusa kuwe, yena sniffs wena.

Human vomeronasal isitho

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi abantu, lezi ziqhingi lamaseli ebucayi kuphela esimweni embryonic, bese ayanyamalala. Ngo-1703, udokotela ohlinzayo lempi Frederick Ruysch (1638-1731) echazwe emgodini engavamile kwesesosha isilonda ukuze ekhaleni. Futhi ngo-1891, kakade udokotela French Potike (1841-1903) wathola isitho vomeronasal e-25% okwaxoxwa iziguli 200. ucwaningo eminingi histological izifundo legatsha wezinto eziphilayo. Futhi namhlanje emphakathini yesayensi kukhona ukungavumelani ngendima isitho vomeronasal, kanye nezimpilo zabantu walo, ekuphikeni ephelele khona kwaso, ngisho abadala kubalulekile ukukhulisa inani layo.

Ezizwelayo iziqhingi Jacobson

VNO - anezikhwama ewumngcingo, ubude amamilimitha angu ezimbalwa, uphahlwe epithelium sezinzwa. Ziyakwazi nhlangothi zombili we septum acinene (ithambo empambana we septum acinene nolwanga ngokuthi Vomero), ekude kakhulu endaweni olfactory. Kubantu, isitho vomeronasal yokuhogela iphrezethe ezincane (1 mm ububanzi) emgodini ezisabalele ubude tube ka amamilimitha angu 2 kuya ku-10. Ubukhulu yomzimba zihlukile kakhulu bonke abantu futhi ungashintsha kukho konke ukuphila. Kukhona kuzo zonke izinhlanga e zabo bobubili ubulili. Histology isitho vomeronasal yakhiwa le epithelium yokwamukela nge izinzwa sezinzwa kabani axons anqamule ku amygdala - angomunye ubuchopho njengengxenye le ngxenye.

ukuhlukanisa ekhethekile

Uyini umehluko isitho vomeronasal we lokuhogela? Iphunga wenziwa amaseli EPITHELIAL we sinuses acinene, lapho umfutho kwamakhemikhali iguqulwe ibe electrical nerve cells futhi adluliselwa cortex cerebral. Lapha kukhona isignali analysis ithoni ukuthola nesithombe kumiswa. Ukuphela izinzwa vomeronasal zitholakala amygdala - ndawo, okuyinto unomthwalo isimo kanye nemizwelo futhi musa kuthinte cortex cerebral. Yingakho lezi attractants noma pheromone ayikwazi kuchazwe futhi usebenze kuphela ezingeni esesimweni sokungaphili ngokuphelele.

"- umama wengane" uhlelo

Indima olfaction vomeronasal ebuhlotsheni phakathi kukamama kanye cub yakhe wazibonakalisa isilwane ucwaningo. ezincelisayo Young ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana pheromone ethize ukufukula ukubonakaliswa wemvelo komama esifazane. Ukususwa we VNO azalela kuholela okusithiyayo okukhulu yokuziphatha kwabakhulelwe. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lesi sifo socansi nokuluthwa yizidakamizwa zobungqingili abantu zingakwazi ukukhiqiza nokwahluleka izinga lama-hormone ocansini lapho ukhulelwe kamama. Le ndawo yomsebenzi vomeronasal uhlelo olfactory ayikaqondwa kahle futhi liqukethe eziningi eziye zatholwa.

isitho Vomeronasal futhi kukhethwa umlingani

Umthelela ngokusebenzisa enganakile uchaza ukungakwazi ukulawula umhawu, isifiso, usizi uthando unrequited kanye nogqozi. isikhumba womuntu, ikakhulu emphethweni Nasolabial kanye emakhwapheni - kuyinto imboni ukuhogela i-pheromone. Sekusele kancane ayinaphunga, kodwa ukuchaza umbono ngokusebenzisa vomeronasal ngokobulili umlingani isikhalo bese uyanquma ukuthi ubani thina mils, futhi ongenalo. Lokho pheromone ubulili banesibopho kuthando lapho uqala, ukuba ngqo, nephunga kuqala. Ukutadisha imithelela pheromone ku kwabantu okwaqala ngayo nge-1990, kodwa namuhla kukhona ubufakazi obuphathekayo ukuthobeka ngendima yabo ekwakheni kwezocansi. pheromone Kutholakele ukuthi balolonge enyanya ngokobulili ukuvala izihlobo futhi kuvimbele ukulalana kwezihlobo. pheromone Ukhombe oveza unina ingono, kanti ingane uyazi kahle lapho ubisi kungaba umama. Kukhona ama-pheromone ukuthi ezolile, ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi futhi kunganciphisa izinga inhliziyo.

ukuvumelanisa zokuphila

It is Ucwaningo luhlolwe lapho ukuhlala endaweni efanayo noma esikhaleni elilinganiselwe nabesifazane abambalwa phakathi kwabo kukhona ukuvumelanisa imijikelezo kokuya esikhathini (prof. Mashi kaMcClintock, University of Chicago, 1970). Control lomjikelezo Kwenziwa esebenzisa hormone eziningana, okuyinto ukukhonza njengephayona isignali odala pheromone ezahlukene. Kancane kancane, umehluko usuku ukuqala kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane kuyehla, futhi ekugcineni, uze ngemijikelezo Synchronicity. Le miphumela ukukhombisa futhi ucwaningo ezilwaneni.

ubulili ifomula

Omunye umsebenzi wokulinga olwenziwa ososayensi Czech eholwa-Jan Galvichekom. Phakathi nenyanga, abesifazane ayenqatshelwe zisebenzisa isiqedaphunga, futhi ngaphansi izingalo Ayefaka pads. Lezi pads ucelwe ukuhlola amadoda ngokukhetha ezikhanga kakhulu kubo. Ngokusho imiphumela ethandwa kakhulu kwaba iphunga abesifazane ababehlakaniphile enqubeni engena nge-ovulation, okungukuthi e ikulungele okukhulelwa. Yikuphi waphinda ubonisa ukuhlakanipha imvelo enhlanganweni zokuphila emhlabeni.

"Iphunga passion"

Ososayensi bengayeki ukucinga isithako nolusithekile iholele ukuze inhliziyo uzakwethu futhi bakwazi ukulondoloza ubuhlobo romantic. Amakha kanye pheromone akusona isimanga. Kuningi izinkampani kanye corporations ukumemezela imikhiqizo yabo njengoba equkethe ama-pheromone kanye has impahla abantu bobulili obuhlukile. Imfihlo ukukhiqizwa kanye nokwakheka amakha agcinwa ukuqiniseka eqinile. Futhi ungakwazi abakholelwa kusebenta zokwenziwa ukuhogela i-pheromone, kodwa amaqiniso azikhulumele.

Okukushoyo romance

Imiphumela zokwenziwa hormone wabonisa uprofesa emkhakheni wezokusebenza kwengqondo experiment Amazinga McCoy wase-University of San Francisco. ithuluzi Test eziyokwenza ukuphila romantic more, ahlinzekwa 30 abameleli ubulili efanele yobudala kusukela eminyakeni 19 kuya ku-48. ukuhlolwa Daily nokulawula (usebenzisa i-placebo) iqembu ukungezwa amakha dropwise okuholela ngempahla yabo. Imijikelezo amathathu kokuya esikhathini wafingqa yi. 74% iqhaza ababesebenzisa zokwenziwa pheromone, umsebenzi wocansi lenyuka, ngesikhathi iqembu control, babengamaphesenti angu-24%.

Nokho zokwenziwa pheromone kuphela umgubuzelo yesikhashana essence yethu kufihliwe ngaphansi kwazo. Ngisho ucwaningo nge izilwane ukuziphatha kobulili kuphakama hhayi kuphela e pheromone sishaye, kodwa khona abantu bobulili obuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "sixth sense" ngoba lesithupha nokuthi sithembela lapho ekhetha umlingani, hhayi kuye kuphela, kodwa futhi ku lonke sisangulukile ezinhlanu. Kutfola umlingani usebenzisa zokwenziwa pheromone noma ancike ngokoqobo ekhona - obakhethayo.