Kutfutfukiswa psyche ku phylogeny: Paradigm yokuhlaziya theory kanye nama-inqubo izinyathelo

Ukuze elibanzi ukuqonda izimpikiswano yentuthuko psyche womuntu ngaphakathi phylogeny, kufanele acacise okuqukethwe lo mqondo.

Phylogeny limelela ukuthuthukiswa umzimba begazi ngenxa izimo zazinjani emlandweni izici ezihambisana lesi senzakalo futhi ukukhonza imithombo yayo. Schematized kungashiwo umelwe isihlahla ekhelini, okuyinto likhula futhi abanye amagatsha dlulisa inqubo yokukhula, kuyilapho abanye ayakhula.

Ngandlela-thile ezahlukene kokuqukethwe siphumelelisa loku ontogenesis eside, livele Ernst Haeckel , futhi kuhilela ukucabangela ukuthuthukiswa njengoba inqubo ukugcwaliseka ofuzo i umzimba noma izingxenye zalo nemisebenzi.

Kuze kube manje, isayensi iye yasungula eminingi futhi izimfundiso ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa psyche ku phylogeny. umehluko ngokuyinhloko imele ukuthi basebenzisa izindlela ezingafani ezisetshenziswa kanye nenqubo eziyisisekelo kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda imingcele ezithile psyche womuntu.

Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo.

Antropopsihizm - imfundiso walungisiswa Rene Dekart, livela yokuthi waqaphela isimo axiomatic yokutholakala kwe psyche kuphela lolu hlobo njengoba indoda. Ngalo mqondo, Descartes kuthatha umcabango amaphethini yokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuvela psyche futhi conditionality ngaphandle kulona.

Abamele kwezinye izikole - panpsychism (lena, okokuqala kunakho konke, abameleli izinto ezibonakalayo isiFulentshi Helvetius, Diderot, La Mettrie) wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa psyche ku phylogeny akanakho ukulinganiselwa neziqinile futhi esivela kuzo zonke obusizungezile, ezifana itshe, amanzi nezinkuni. Kulesi babona ingokomoya sonke isikhathi sokuba khona.

ngokulinganisela Okuningi ngokuziqhathanisa theory panpsychism sibheke ekuthuthukiseni psyche ku phylogeny, okuyinto baye banamathela abasunguli biopsihizma - Erich Fromm, A. Lowen. Bathi ukuba khona ingqondo kuphela izilwane zasendle, izitshalo kuhlanganisiwe.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu uvamile ezweni lwesayensi umbono abamele neyropsihizma - esikoleni yesayensi, othiwa umsunguli kaCharles Darwin. Ngokwale mfundiso, ukuthuthukiswa psyche ku phylogeny singenzeka kuphela labo eziphilayo ifa isimiso sezinzwa. Lesi sikole, eqinisweni, uJesu akabanga nje alawula isayensi Soviet, kodwa futhi, mhlawumbe, yodwa akuzange kumenze yikuphi ukugxekwa ngemibono nokushushiswa. Nokho, zikhona namanje imibuzo eminingi akakwazanga ukuphendula neyropsihizm, nakuba okomnikelo ezinye nabameleli bayo emhlabeni yesayensi ayikwazi overestimated.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa psyche ngokuhamba phylogeny, abasunguli wazama iyincane isiqondiso neyropsihizma - mozgopsihizm, omunye imibono yesayensi main kuyinto oyisazi sezinzwa oluvelele KK Platonov. Abameleli lokhu Paradigm waphikelela ngokuthi psyche - imfanelo walabo eziphilayo ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa hhayi kuphela, futhi ephelele kakhulu isici yayo - ubuchopho. Ubuchopho, eqinisweni, kuphela izilwane ephakeme has a isakhiwo ijabulise, kuyilapho izinambuzane, isibonelo, akheke nodular isakhiwo isimiso sezinzwa.

Naphezu kokungafani okukhulu kwazo zonke lezi izinhlelo yolwazi, zozela zonke, ukuqaphela ukuthi khona komuntu futhi ingqondo bokuthi ke njengoba oluthile lwento ephilayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso hhayi kuphela ka kwengqondo enqubeni phylogenetic. Le mpahla futhi ephawula ukuthuthukiswa psyche e ontogenesis.

kwemvelo psyche uhlanganisa izigaba eziningana:

- ushintsho kusuka bezibona motor-sezinzwa reflection efomini okuqonda;

- ukunyakaza ifomu okuqonda esiteji bokusungula;

- ukuthuthukiswa engase ibe ngokwengqondo kwe-Izinga kwezobuhlakani ukwazi, lapho parametrial main izakhiwo psyche yomuntu nekhono into-kudalwa indawo yangempela izithombe, ukuzuzwa kwelimi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa isicelo ezanele yolwazi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha.

Ukucutshungulwa ngamunye zalezi zigaba kuyinkinga kahle esikhulu, banikezwe kaningi ukutolika kanye nemvelo subjective kakhulu base ubufakazi ukuthi isetshenziswa lo mkhakha wesayensi.