Wabahloli Modern futhi abakutholile

Kubonakala, manje uhambile kuthiwa Laba izinsuku, lasala kumephu namabala amhlophe. Kodwa kuvela, futhi namuhla ungenza travel futhi ukufunda emakhoneni Engaqondakali planethi. Ake sithi kakade siye wathola zonke amazwekazi neziqhingi, ngisho kusukela isikhala ungabona ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu futhi ezingafinyeleleki, futhi umqondo womuntu eziyibonayo usetha uqobo nezinselele ezintsha futhi ukuzixazulula, uhlela uhambo. Ngobani isihambi yesimanje kwekhulu lama-21?

Amagama isihambi yesimanje

Lapho sikhumbula amaphayona ezidumile, kanye enkulu Columbus, Magellan, Cook, Bellingshausen futhi Lazarev, nabanye, ukhuluma ngani abaphila manje. Amagama Cousteau, Heyerdahl, Sienkiewicz, Konyukhov kanye nabanye abacwaningi futhi izwakala iculo ekutadisheni iplanethi yethu. abahambi Modern futhi ukutholakala kwawo kuyinto enhle kakhulu isibonelo ukulandela.

Jacques Iv Kusto

Cousteau - the yesazi solwandle enkulu, usosayensi French nomcwaningi. Lona indoda eyathola izwe ngaphansi kwamanzi kunazo zonke esintwini. Ukuze izandla zakhe zazenziwe izibuko diving, i-Aqualung lokuqala, ifakwe isitsha sokuqala yesayensi ukufunda ekujuleni kolwandle. Ungumnikazi ifilimu Inhlamvu yokuqala emanzini.

Ngokokuqala ngqá abantu baba nethuba sebehamba ngokukhululeka besuka ezweni emanzini bese liyazika a ka 90 m ukujula. Ngaphansi kobuholi Cousteau mikhankaso lokuqala kwamanzi ayehlelwe. Okokuqala kwaba ucwaningo bemivubukulo ekujuleni kolwandle nokushutha ekujuleni amakhilomitha ambalwa.

Lapho Cousteau wadala "esosweni kwamanzi" - mini-ngwenya ukuhlola kungenzeka kukholamu amanzi liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukuqhubeka yayisekelwe nesikhathi iziteshi ucwaningo kwamanzi lapho abahambi yesimanje ophilayo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi engenza kokuma ngqo olwandle.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi iminyaka umsebenzi cwaningo Cousteau izwe ngaphansi kwamanzi waqala izincwadi namabhayisikobho ithandwa kakhulu: "Lo Thulile Umhlaba", "Izwe Elingenabo Sun" obubhalwe uchungechunge "Hidden Odyssey Cousteau". Kusukela ngo-1957, lapho ephethwe i Oceanographic Museum e Monaco. "Cousteau Society for Marine kweMvelo" yasungulwa ngo-1973.

Phakathi honours yakhe, wayekholelwa Legion eyinhloko Ukuhlonishwa. Cousteau washona ngo-1997 e-Paris.

Thor Heyerdahl

Leli gama futhi ijwayelekile kunoma ubani ngisho kancane abanentshisekelo ekuvakasheni. Thor Heyerdahl yalolu hambo abadumile kwenziwa ukufakazela umbono waKhe phezu kwabantu ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Heyerdahl kuqala phambili umqondo wokuthi eziqhingini Polynesia base ziye ugcwale abafuduki baseNingizimu Melika. Ukuze afakazele lokhu ithiyori, abahambi yesimanje ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe eyathatha lolo hambo engakaze ibonwe ku Balsa isihlenga "Kon-Tiki" ePacific. Eshayayo mayelana 8000 km ezinsukwini 101, lo mkhankaso safinyelela eTuamotu Islands. Kulokhu, lo isihlenga aye wasigcina buoyancy yayo, futhi uma hhayi isiphepho, mhlawumbe sasingeke ukuzabalaza kuze kube yilapho ugu lwase-Asia.

Lokhu kwalandelwa mikhankaso ku Umhlanga isikebhe "Ra" futhi "Ra-2", okwakuhilela compatriot yethu Yuri Senkevich. Isikebhe "iTigrisi", ukubhukuda lapho kwakufanele abonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuxhumana phakathi EMesophothamiya enhlonhlweni ye-Hindustan, yayishisiwe yithimba e wokumelana isinyathelo sezempi ngasogwini Djibouti, futhi lo mkhankaso asiphothulwanga.

Heyerdahl ezindaweni eziningi akazange avumelane emhlabeni yesayensi wafaka phambili emibonweni yabo. Iminyaka eminingi wayenesifo wafunda izimfihlakalo-Easter Island, ikakhulukazi umsuka ngasezinkwalini itshe abadumile. Tours umangalele ukuthi ezinkulu eziqoshiwe ayenziwa futhi zilethwe endaweni bendawo lingasempumalanga yalesi siqhingi, lapho babengenawo amathuluzi yesimanje ukuze kusebenziswe itshe futhi izimoto. Futhi imiphumela yocwaningo lakhe ibingamashumi amadlingozi, nakuba ayibonwa ososayensi kakhulu.

Mbono impikiswano Heyerdahl inothi futhi indaba uhlobano phakathi amaViking nabakhileyo eCaucasus and Azov. Wayekholelwa ukuthi amaViking - kusukela North eCaucasus. Kodwa ukufakazela lo mbono-ke uvinjelwe ukufa ngo-2002.

Heyerdahl izincwadi eziningi izincwadi eveza imibono yakhe ekuthuthukiseni izwe nokuvakasha, obubhalwe amafilimu enziwe mayelana labo lisekhona esijabulisayo kodwa futhi ezithakazelisayo wonke umuntu.

Yuri Senkevich

Modern isihambi Russian futhi zaziziningi ohlelweni TV ethandwa ezweni lethu, "Travel Club", umhloli wamazwe polar, wahlanganyela ngekhulu le-12 Soviet Antarctic Expedition.

Ngo-1969, inhlangano bomkhankaso kuya "Ra" Thor Heyerdahl wabhalela Academy of Sciences of the USSR nge isimemo iqhaza udokotela wakhe nge ulwazi oluhle ngolimi lwesiNgisi, abanesipiliyoni mikhankaso futhi enamancoko. Kukhethwa wawela phezu Sienkiewicz. Sexy and bejabule, abanethemba empilweni kanye amakhono nongoti, Yuri ngokushesha wenza ubungani nabantazana Heyerdahl nezinye amalungu ethimba.

Ngemva kwalokho, kungukuthi nje abathintekayo kule mikhankaso-Norwegian abadumile. izifundo eziningi Heyerdahl waziwa umbukeli Soviet ngokushesha sibonga lwethelevishini, lapho kwenziwe yi Yuri Senkevich. "Club kinoputeshestvy" baba kwabaningi ewindini ezweni, ikuvumela ukuba simazi kangcono ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo emhlabeni. ukudluliselwa izivakashi babe isihambi yesimanje: Heyerdahl, Cousteau, Yatsek Palkevich, uCarlo Mauri, nabanye abaningi.

Sienkiewicz ezimpini ukwesekwa wezokwelapha mikhankaso ukuze North Pole futhi Mount Everest. Yuri Alexandrovich efa ngo-2006 ku-isethi hlelo olulandelayo TV.

Tim Severin

abahambi eminingi yanamuhla ukuphinda imizila amatilosi nabahloli bamazwe yesikhathi esidlule. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke - waseBrithani ongazazi izindlela Tim Severin.

nohambo lwakhe lokuqala wenza ezinyathelweni Marco Polo nokungalawuleki. Ngemva kokushiya Venice, Severin futhi ozakwabo zakhe sawela cishe zonke Asia wafinyelela imingcele China. kwadingeka Kukhona ukuluqeda lolu hambo, njengoba imvume yokuvakashela leli lizwe utholiwe. Uma uqhubeka utadisha balandela eMfuleni Mississippi (ngenkathi ngomkhumbi kanye phezu isikebhe kanye esikebheni). Lolu hambo elilandelayo - St. Brendan sika ulwandle i-Atlantic ..

Eshukunyiswa ukuzidela Sinbad le Sailor, Severin aphuma Oman eChina ku umkhumbi, waqondisa kuphela izinkanyezi. Ngo-1984, Severin nge 20 abagwedli ithimba okuphindaphindiwe umzila we Argonauts e Colchis (West Georgia). Ngonyaka owalandela wabhala incwadi uhambo ezinyathelweni Odysseus ngekucaphuna enkondlweni Homer sika igama elifanayo elingukungaboli.

Lezi yizinto ezimbalwa nje imizila Severin. On ukuzidela kwakhe, wabhala incwadi ethakazelisayo, kodwa "Journey Sinbad" kwakubhekwa ukhishwa Thomas Cook.

Modern abahambi 21 leminyaka

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkantolo kwekhulu lama-21, umoya wothando adventure kanye nohambo alukapheli. Futhi manje kunabantu abangakwazi uhleli induduzo ekhaya, basuke bakhangwa okungaziwa, ekufuneni ukwazi okungaziwa.

Phakathi kwabo kukhona abavakashi yesimanje Russian. Mhlawumbe futhi elalidume kunawo wonke wabo Fyodor Konyukhov.

fedor Konyukhov

Igama layo ngokuvamile ukungezwa 'wokuqala'. WayeyiZwi lokuqala baseRussia wavakashela izigxobo ezintathu Zomhlaba: North, South, futhi Everest. Eyokuqala emhlabeni won izingongolo emihlanu - kwanezelwa Pole yangaphambilini ye Inaccessibility e-Antarctica eCape Horn, kubhekwa njengento esinjalo boaters. Elokuqala abaseRussia wahlasela "Big Seven" - ukukhuphuka iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke yazo zonke amazwekazi, kuphela Europe nase-Asia ngokwehlukile.

Ngenxa uhambo lwakhe abaningi, ikakhulukazi kakhulu. Grooms wenza amane ehamba yacht emhlabeni wonke. Ski inguqulelo Ilungu "be-USSR - North Pole - Canada".

Izincwadi zakhe zifundwa umoya. Futhi izinhlelo esizayo - ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke ngendlela ibhaluni.

Dmitry Shparo

Ekuqaleni: wamazwe polar nomcwaningi. Kudala ngawo-1970, lapho walibangisa bomkhankaso ski eziqhingini Komsomolskaya Pravda. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, wenza uhambo oluya Peninsula Taimyr kusesho ishede edumile wamazwe polar Eduard Toll. Ngo-1979, ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, sekwenziwe kuqala uhambo emhlabeni zokushushuluza ukuze North Pole.

Omunye imikhankaso edume kunazo - eCanada ngokusebenzisa Arctic Ocean njengengxenye ngokuhlanganyela uhambo Soviet-Canadian.

Ngo-1998, kanye nendodana eqhweni sawela iBering Strait. Ngo-2008, wahlela uhambo amabili kuya North Pole. Omunye wabo waziwa impumelelo emhlabeni wokuqala Pole eqhweni ebusuku. Abantu yesibili bazibandakanye abasha abaneminyaka engu 16-18.

Dmitry Shparo - Club nomhleli "nokuzidela." Lesakhiwo uqhuba marathons ezweni lonke iqhaza abantu esebenzisa isihlalo sabakhubazekile. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kwaba ngamazwe ekhuphuka Kazbek sabakhubazekile kusukela eCaucasus, Russia nase-Norway.

abahambi yesimanje

Geography Ezokuhamba zanamuhla kumba eqolo. Ngokuyinhloko it is abangaphansi eyaziwa nasezindaweni eziqhelile Zomhlaba. Lezi uhambo bajwayele ukuthatha indawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, edinga ukuzikhandla kwazo zonke amabutho.

Yiqiniso, kwelinye sihloko kunzima ukumboza wonke amagama. Anatoly Khizhnyak ukuhlola izizwe abangaphansi eyaziwa emahlathini ase-Amazon kanye Papua New Guinea ... uNawomi Uemura, kuphela uhambo oluya North Pole, ukubhukuda Amazon, abanqoba Mont Blanc, le Matterhorn, Kilimanjaro, Akonkugua Everest ... Reinhold Messner, umuntu wokuqala , ukukhuphuka zonke 14 ayisishiyagalombili-thousanders zomhlaba ... ukuze ngamunye wabo kungenzeka ukuba babhale incwadi ehlukile. ezamehlela zabo ugqozi oluqakatheke lezihambi.