Ubuciko nokuzijabulisaIzincwadi

Yamb ... Yamb, trochee, amphibrachia

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana ne-iambic, kanye nesikhashana mayelana nezinye izilinganiso zevesi. Asichaze kuqala ngemigomo eyinhloko ezosetshenziselwa umbhalo.

Isigqi isakhiwo somsindo esinomugqa wezinkondlo. Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokukhuluma ngevesi. Imitha yinkinga ethile yesigqi. Lokhu kushintshana okuhlelekile kwama-syllable angagxiliwe nokucindezeleka (izindawo ezibuthakathaka nezinamandla) kule nkondlo, uhlelo olujwayelekile lweshyindo salo.

Ubukhulu yindlela ethile yokuhleleka kwenkondlo; Lokhu kuyisimo esikhethekile semitha esivele ichazwe nguwe. Isibonelo, i- iambic ingacacisa ukuhlukahluka kusuka komunye kuya komunye ukuya ezinyaweni eziyishumi nambili, futhi mahhala. Ubukhulu be-versification yama-syllabic bunganqunywa inani lamagama, ku-tonic - ngokubala inani lokucindezeleka, naku-syllabo-tonic kanye ne-metric - ngenani lezimiso kanye nemitha (iambic, trochee, amphibrachia, njll).

I-etymology yegama elithi "iambic"

Masiphendule umbuzo mayelana nemvelaphi yesikhathi esithakazelisayo kithi. Igama elithi "iamb" ligama lasendulo lesiGriki lensimbi yomculo. Ikhomba emetrijini lasendulo umunwe wama-disyllabic, elula, onamathathu (i-syllable esifushane + eside). Ekuqinisekiseni kwe-syllabo-tonic (isiRashiya, isibonelo) kuyisigilagi esingagxilile + esicindezelekile. U-Iamb ubizwa nangokuthi iamba, equkethe amamitha e-iambic.

I-etymology ayilungiswanga kahle. Izingoma ze-Iambic, njengoba ziyaziwa, zaziyingxenye ebalulekile yemikhosi ekhethekile yokuzala, eyayihlonishwa uDemeter.

Leli gama lalihlotshaniswa negama likaYamba, inceku kaKeleyu, inkosi yase-Eleusin. Ngokweqiniso, le ntombazane yathukuthela uDemetra ngezinkondlo ezingcolile, okungahambisani nomaphi lapho befuna indodakazi yakhe iPhephonephone. Kungenzeka nokuthi igama elithi Yamba liyi-echo yegama lasendulo elibaluleke kakhulu.

Yamb esikhathini esidala

Esikhathini sezinkondlo zakudala, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-iambs zaziyi-trimeter ne-senarium. I-senarium ihlanganisa izinyawo eziyisithupha ze-iambic. I-species yesibili, i-trimet, inezinyathelo eziyisithupha ze-iambic, ezihlanganisiwe ngezibili (izitofu ezimbili zibizwa ngokuthi i-ransomdia). Ama-syllables amabili alula ku-versification yasendulo angathathelwa indawo esindayo, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, isisindo singashintshwa ngamaphaphu amabili. Ngokwemvelo, kusukela kulokhu okuyiqiniso, izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinkondlo ze-iambic zazalwa. Izinkondlo ezibhaliwe kulobu bukhulu, zazifana nazo zonke ezinye izinkulumo ezijwayelekile futhi zazisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi hhayi ezihlokweni zama-epic, kodwa kudlalwa ngamazwi kanye namazwi (ku-comedies, tragedies, fables).

Esikhathini samatrikhi esiGreki, iamb iyinyawo elilodwa lamabhilidi elihlanganisa isilawuli sokuqala esifushane kanye nelesibili elide elide. U-Anakrusa wayengacabangi ukuthi umculo wamazwi angamaGreki asendulo, ngakho-ke isigqi sasikhuphuka (iambic) noma sehla (okungukuthi, i-trochee).

Iamb ne-trochee

U-Iamb no-trochee kumamethrikhi asendulo babumbene ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile lokumisa ngesigqi se-iambic ngesisekelo sokuthi iamb yayisanda kaningi (futhi isenzeka) kune-trochee.

I-Khorei nayo iyigama lasendulo lesiGreki, elisuka egameni elithi "umdanso", futhi lisho "ubukhulu", "inyawo le-chorus". Evesini le-syllabo-tonic, ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ezinemilenze emine nemilenze eyisithupha, futhi kusukela phakathi nekhulu le-19 le trochee enemilenze emihlanu iqala ukusetshenziswa.

Kokubili iamb ne-trochee zimelela ubukhulu be-disyllabic. E-chorea, ukucindezeleka kufakwa kwi-syllable yokuqala, ku-iambic - isilawuli sesibili.

Amasayizi wevesi amathathu e-syllable

Siye sabheka ubukhulu be-syllable. Ake sisho amagama ambalwa mayelana nama-trisyllabic. I-Amphibrachium inamamitha amathathu, ngokugxila kwesigcawu sesibili. Usayizi ovame kakhulu we-versification ye-syllabo-tonic yasekhaya yizintambo ezine (kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19), kanye nemilenze emithathu (kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19). I-Dactyl isayizi yobukhulu be-trisyllabic, kodwa ngokugcizelela kokuqala, ne-anapeste ekugcineni kwalaba abathathu.

Yamb ezincwadini zesiRussia

Ukukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ezincwadini zezwe lakithi sithola encwadini enyatheliswa ngo-1619 uMnu. Smotrytsky obizwa ngokuthi "Grammar ...". Kodwa-ke, njengegama elithi poetics, elibhekisela esimweni esithile sezinkondlo, ama-iambs aqala ukuvela ezweni lakithi kuphela emva kwemisebenzi yemfundiso eyenziwe yi- V. Trediakovsky. Azikho izinkondlo ezivela kuma-syllabist aseRussia abhalwe kulobu bukhulu. ERussia, izinkondlo zokuqala ze-iambic zadalwa yi-Trediakovsky.

I-Yamb yayinemilenze emine. Khona-ke isiko lokusebenzisa usayizi saqhubeka. Isibonelo, iLomonosov yakha i-ode, lapho iamb isetshenziswa khona, - izinkondlo ezinikezwe ukuthatha iKoxtin, inqaba yaseTurkey.

Iambic enezintambo ezine

Kuze kube manje, kuzo zonke izilinganiso ze-iambic ezinkondlweni zaseRussia, intandokazi kunazo zonke yiyona eyodwa enyaweni eyodwa. Cishe amaphesenti angu-80-85 wezinkondlo zezimbongi zaseRashiya abhalwe nguye. Lesi sihloko sevesi saziwa kakhulu hhayi ngenxa yamandla okulinganisa wefomu, okwakusetshenziselwa inkulumo yezinkondlo ngesiRashiya, kodwa ngenxa yesiko esasungulwe ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile okusetshenziselwa izimbongi zayo zokuqala, uVetro Petrov, M. Lomonosov, uG. Derzhavin, futhi Kamuva, no-A. Pushkin no-E. Baratynsky (bona isithombe).

Kwakuthandwa kakhulu emakhulwini angu-18 neyokuqala kwekhulu le-19, iambic enemilenze eyisithupha, ebonakala ngesigqi esimnandi sokugubha. Akatholakali kancane emibhokisini yasekhaya yama-lyric, kodwa emidlalweni yezemidlalo - usayizi wezincwadi ze-vesi (ngokungabikho kwemvumelwano). Okungekho "Woe kusuka kuWe" nguGriyedyedov, kanye nomdlalo othi "Masquerade", ongowesiqu sikaM. Lermontov, esilotshwe evesini mahhala. Ubuningi bama-futambist we-iambic, abhekana nabo ngokungajwayelekile, bubhekene nokuphikiswa okunamandla ezinyathelweni ezihlukahlukene zokuzimela komzimba, kanye nama-phonemes aqoshiwe. I-Yamb pentameter isetshenziswe izinkondlo ezivezwe ifomu eliqinile, njenge-octave, i-sonnet, njll. Ngokungavamile ukuthi kukhona imilenze emithathu (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezimbongi zenkathi yokuqala yesithathu yekhulu le-19). Umbono we- iambic tetrameter uthuthukiswe kakhulu ezincwadini zezinkondlo . Kungase kuqashelwe ukuhlolwa kukaG. Shengeli, uB. B. B. B. Bachky, A. Bely.

Ingabe i-iambs emibili enamagundane namagundane amabili ku-syllabo-tonic versification?

Awekho ama-iambs anamagundane amabili namagundane, ngoba ayinakwenzeka ngokomqondo: ukulingana kwamathambo amabili noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo kudalwe ngenxa yomsindo omfushane. Ngokwesibonelo, imbongi V. Bryusov wayebheka inkondlo yakhe ngokungalungile iambs eyodwa.

Yamb empeleni kwakuyi-amphibrachium. Kwenzeka, mhlawumbe ngoba uma lezi zinkondlo zilotshwe phansi ngenxa yezibonakaliso zemigqa emigqeni ehlukene, khona-ke izobukeka njenge-iamba enezintambo ezilodwa.

Iambs zeMultistopy

Iambic enemilenze eyisithupha ivame ukukhishwa ngomlenze wesithupha onesiqhumane se-monosyllabic.

Eziningi ezinyawo, ngokuyinhloko, zenzelwe ngu-Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin.

Kungathiwa akukho pentameter ye-iambic ngaphambi kwayo. Inkondlo (iambic) "Gavriliada" ngumsebenzi wokuqala obhalwe nguye. U-Alexander Sergeevich wayeqine kakhulu ngokuphathelene nakho konke okwakumayelana nokwethulwa kolimi olukhulunywa ngevesi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abahlala ngesikhathi bakhuluma ngoCanemir ngokudumisa ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuthi leli vesi uthatha ulimi olukhulunywa ngezikhathi zanamuhla.

Ama-analog of usayizi we-iambic kumathambo womuntu

Nakuba ubukhulu be-iambs bufakwa ezincwadini zasekhaya ngenxa yokuguqulwa kukaTrdiakovsky noLomonosov, izinkondlo zabantu zakha izinyathelo ezihlukile ezingenalo ithonya lencwadi noma entshonalanga, phakathi kwazo kukhona ifomu eliyizinyawo ezine eduze kwe-yamba. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-quadrilateral yesibili. Ngalesi vesi inkondlo ebhalwe nguNekrasov, enesihloko esithi "Kuye Okuphila KuRussia Kuphila Kanjani" ibhaliwe.

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