Yini unyaka yasungulwa igundane computer, futhi ubani ungumdali kule divayisi eyingqayizivele?

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla kunezinto ngaphandle okuyinto ngomqondo truest izwi njengoba elingenziwe ngezandla. ' Ikhompyutha igundane - lokhu ungomunye walabo amadivayisi, ngaphandle lapho umsebenzisi cishe abakwazi ukukwenza. Inhloso Its main - ukwakha kabusha ukunyakaza mechanical umsebenzisi ikhompyutha kulengqungquthela isikhombisi esikrinini. Yiqiniso, singenza ikhibhodi eyodwa kuphela, ukuthinta isikrini noma iphedi, kodwa namanje sikwazi uqhathanise ukusebenza ikhompyutha ngaphandle igundane nokugibela ibhayisikili ngaphandle ahamba ngebhayisikili. Ake sizwe ukuthi yini unyaka yasungulwa igundane ubani kumdlali.

Kungani igundane okuthiwa Mouse

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo kungani idivayisi elika igundane. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi leli gama wamnika i unjiniyela waseMelika Douglas Engelbart, njengoba drive walo wawufana umsila. Okunye izaziso elafika igama elithi igundane «igundane» liphefumulelwe emelela Ngesandla Isetshenziswa Umsebenzisi esiginali Encoder ( «ngokwezifiso isignali isifaki khodi ukuthi ngesandla elawulwa").

"Futhi unyaka thina yasungulwa igundane computer?" - You buza. Njengoba Engelbart oshiwoyo kuxoxwa, umbono ngendalo yakhe uvele 50s, ngenkathi ngitadisha ngesikhathi University of Berkeley egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Kukhona usosayensi othile, yena waba waziphatha radar ukufaka, okungokwendlela NASA.

Umlando igundane wokuqala

Ukukhuluma, lapho wasungula igundane computer, futhi yini yena wayenjani, akunakwenzeka kokukhumbula lusakhunjulwa Disemba 9, 1968. Ngalolu suku, Engelbart yethulwa emhlabeni indlela yakhe entsha yokubhala, okwakuthatha igama elisemthethweni "ikhompyutha manipulator." Igundane lokuqala akuzange lavuselelwa ububanzi phakathi kwabantu, ngoba kwaba nzima kakhulu, esingesihle. Kodwa lapho umdali sikhombisa sokuqhafaza isilawuli real-time - kwakungathi umshudo kusukela blue.

Douglas ingenye lamaphayona ucwaningo indoda-umshini esibonakalayo. Waba futhi umdali sombhalo, iqembu izingqungquthela inthanethi. Uye ebhaliwe ezingaphezu kwezingu-25 amaphepha in the ifa 20 patent ezintsha zobuchwepheshe futhi imiklomelo eminingi.

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo ndaba lapho wasungula igundane computer, singakwazi ukuqhubekela ngokushelela ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngo-1986, i-computer igundane, kanye ezinye izidalwa Engelbart, wahlala engaphiwanga akangayiletha ukubuya kulindeleke ukuba umdali. Kodwa namanje kudivayisi kakhulu, futhi manje awusakwazi ukwenza noma inqubo computer ngaphandle kwalo.

Thina kwavela ngengozi ke. abalawuli Ezivamile (induku yokudlala, ikhibhodi) nje ehlile umsebenzi imvelo windowing, futhi Douglas ngokushesha necebo ibhekwa ukuthi uyakwazi ukwenza lula inqubo nge. Le divayisi kwaba yokuthola brilliant ngempela, okuyinto engazange abe khona emhlabeni.

Yini unyaka yasungulwa igundane, futhi indlela ebheka

Engelbart nozakwabo wadala itafula kanye nezici zonke ezandleni eyaziwa ngesikhathi, kuhlanganise ngezinyawo, kanye nezinye kwedolo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukukhanya livela ukwakhiwa enganakiwe ebhokisini elikhulu lokhuni nge inkinobho ebomvu kancane futhi ungakhululekile "umsila" ngaphansi kwesandla sika-yomsebenzisi. Ngaphakathi kwakukhona akwazi ukugcina ezimbili sensimbi, okuyinto ezikhiqizwa igundane ukuze siqhubekele phambili nasemuva, sokunene nesobunxele. Eyokuqala ukusebenza prototype ontanga ethulwa Engelbart - Bill isiNgisi, uhlelo ukuze afanekise wabhala Jeff Rulifson.

NASA awawazisanga manipulator wadala, ngaphandle Engelbart ayikwazanga ngokuphumelelayo ukumela ukuthuthukiswa yabo kusukela iphuzu ngenhloso yokuzuza ngokwezimali, bekholelwa ngokungazi ukuthi abantu abanengqondo siyixazulule wonke. Ngo-1986 wathola igunya lokwenza "inkomba umxhumanisi" x kanye y "okwesikhathi zohlelo zokubonisa" ayedingeka ekudaleni indawo igundane entsha. Le modeli wehlukile isampuli lokuqala - yena wayevele izinkinobho ezintathu, kodwa nothayi banamuhla kwakuseyimpi kude kakhulu.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

ikhompyutha isethi Okokuqala, ezazihlanganisa igundane isibe mini-computer Xerox 8010, okuyinto ngo-1981. Mouse le nkampani lalinabashumayeli izinkinobho ezintathu, futhi zibiza u- $ 400. Ngo-1983, inkampani abadumile Apple idale igundane esiyingqayizivele nge inkinobho eyodwa ukuze ikhompyutha Lisa, ngentengo yalo uwile $ 25.

udumisa

Sonke yathola ukuthi unyaka yasungulwa igundane computer. Kwaba ngo-1968 Engelbart wathola umvuzo wakhe wokusungula e inani ayizinkulungwane 10. Dollars. Kodwa kakade ngo-1997, imisebenzi unjiniyela walinganiswa okuningi ephakeme - yena waklonyeliswa Lemelson-MIT Prize (e inani dollar ayinkulungwane 500), futhi kamuva waveza umklomelo ohlonishwa Turing.

Ngo-2000, 1 Disemba, yena yanikezelwa ngoba kokusungulwa, kuhlanganise igundane computer, National Medal of Technology ingenye US umklomelo kakhulu izimpumelelo IT-sithombe. Engelbart sasingacebile futhi kuphumelele, kwaholela ukuphila okulula, futhi ngaye, ambalwa zikhunjulwe. Futhi ngo-2013, ngineminyaka engu-88, washiya izwe ofayo.

Mayelana nekusasa

Manje siye yatholakala, lokho unyaka yasungulwa igundane computer, futhi owenza lokhu. Khona-ke umbuzo uyasala - lilindelwe yini esikhathini esizayo? Akekho owazi ngokuqinisekile, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ngeke uqaphele lo ukuxhumana nge-computer emsebenzini esikhathini seminyaka eyishumi ezayo, kunzima inselelo. Okunye okumelwe ukucabangele ngayiphi indlela iyokwenzeka - ku sezinzwa, virtual noma biomechanical. Isikhathi, yebo, konke endaweni yayo, futhi thina kuphela kudingeka ulinde intuthuko kuqhutshekwa.