Yini yezingxenye zalesi sihlahla futhi yini imisebenzi eziyenzayo?

Emvelweni, ezweni elisizungezile, zikhona izitshalo eziningi kangaka ezakha wonke umbuso. Ososayensi, zezitshalo ziye zasikisela ukuthi yabo emhlabeni, ezingaphezu kuka-350 eziyinkulungwane izinhlobo! Futhi uma ubale Basebaningi abangamazi isayensi, wathola njalo ngonyaka ngenxa yocwaningo, ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Kodwa naphezu zinhlobo anjalo nokwehluka zangaphandle, bonke abakhileyo eziluhlaza iplanethi akheke ezivamile. Yini yezingxenye simila? Impendulo yalo mbuzo zingatholakala ngokuqhathanisa abameleli ezahlukene yezimila eliwumhlaba kanye zasolwandle.

Yini yezingxenye simila?

Thatha noma iyiphi flora herbaceous, isibonelo - violet. Yini yezingxenye isitshalo zalolu hlobo? Okokuqala, it is a stem esithambile. amakhambi amaningi - unyaka, okungukuthi, ngemva kokushona imbewu simila efa (ngokuyinhloko ekunqandeni bome). Olunye uhlobo - nezihlahla, isibonelo, ukuthatha inja rose. Kunalokho zivela izitshalo ezifana - iziqu eziningana, okuyizinto nzima kakhulu kunaleyo utshani. Uhlobo lwesithathu izitshalo - imithi, njenge-oki. Anakho okuqinile futhi ipotimende elikhulu (ngezinye izikhathi branched), embozwe amagxolo. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo e isakhiwo bukhomba.

Iziphi izingxenye sitshalo?

Sibala kubo ukuze:

• impande;
• stem (noma isiqu noma iziqu ngaphezulu);
• eshiya;
• izimbali;
• izithelo.

Ake sihlole kabanzi lokho kwezinye izingxenye zalesi sihlahla okungukuthi, kabanzi.

impande

Kungani ngidinga luyimpande ngoba ummeleli izitshalo ezisemhlabeni ngamunye? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukusekelwa esetshenziswa lesi sitshalo kumele ihlale igcinekile enhlabathini. Lesibili, elalilikhulu, kubaluleke isici - amandla. Ngokusebenzisa impande, ukumuncwa kwezakhi futhi amanzi enhlabathini. Izimpande ezinye izitshalo ophilayo kuze iminyaka 500 noma ngaphezulu. Nezihlahla - ukuze 20. izitshalo herbaceous - unyaka eziningi, kodwa abanye kuze iminyaka 15-20.

Iziphi izingxenye sitshalo? Eyokuqala simile. Zihlala enhlabathini bese ukusiza umzimba ziyanda, zidle kuye, abancela amaminerali avela emhlabathini. Izimpande anezinkulungwane mikrovoloskov. Izimpande ezinye izitshalo isimo induku (induku). Lena impande okukhulu okuvela kulo ke azikhandle off encane. Ngezinye izikhathi wayephuma embiwe emhlabathini amashumi amamitha beyofuna amanzi nezakhi. Kukhona nabanye abameleli abaningi zombuso izimpande alinganayo, akha puchkovatuyu uhlelo impande (isibonelo, amakhambi amaningi).

Akuwona wonke izimpande enhlabathini. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo ezishisayo (isib orchid) futhi hang emoyeni ngqo ungamunca umswakama. A ivy inamathela yayo izimpande zasemoyeni ukuba izihlahla noma izindonga.

Isiqu / isiqu

The main ingxenye isitshalo - ohlangeni (kusuka amakhambi) noma isiqu (imithi). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emgqonyeni has izinhlobonhlobo kunalokho enkulu, kodwa babe imisebenzi efana nezici. Ngo izitshalo ephakeme kuyinto sicu eside. Omunye umsebenzi wayo obalulekile - asekelayo. It elise namagatsha, amakhasi, efihlekile, izimbali. Futhi, isiqu noma ekunqandeni izenzo njengoba isici yokuxhuma phakathi amacembe nezimpande, imisebenzi yayo, ngakho - olunezintambo. Kusukela rhizomes ngamanzi esiqwini amaminerali uwela umqhele, lapho inqubo ye-photosynthesis.

Futhi neziqu izitshalo ezithile (Cacti) ukudlala indima reserve izakhamzimba isitoreji, lapho sekuyisikhathi eyomile, lesi sitshalo iqala ukuwondla. Ngo Creepers stem kungathatha impande emhlabathini, ezindaweni ISIZINDA ukwakha izimpande adventitious, ngaleyo ndlela lula ukukhiqiza kabusha nokusakazwa umsebenzi. Pea isitshalo ukunamathela stem inamathela ukusekelwa esebenzisa amadevu, ukuhlinzeka indawo esimeme kakhulu.

Amahlamvu / Krone / izinaliti

Enye igama izingxenye zalesi sihlahla - eshiya. Zenza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Ihamba obhekene photosynthesis futhi isihlahla lokudla ku ukukhanya, ukulawula izinga lokushisa (ukuhwamuka ukushisa) kanye nokukhula. Ekwindla ke phinda kwamahlamvu isihlahla, usaqhuba nayo kusuka izinto eziyingozi. Amaqabunga kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokuba ukuqaliswa impilo nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga Umhlaba iplanethi: izitshalo, izilokazane ezincane, izilwane kanye nesikhunta, ukuwakhipha kokudla.

Ngo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinye isitshalo eshiya liguquke, ekubeni kwameva, noma, kunalokho, babe esinamanzi ngaphezulu. Futhi amaqabunga ezinye izitshalo kungenzeka ukubamba ngisho kanye inhlabamkhosi izinambuzane ezincane.

Abalandeli / izithelo / imbewu

Empeleni, lesi sitshalo ukukhiqizwa kabusha izitho. Bangase babe isakhiwo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi zilwane, kodwa imisebenzi zivamile. Izimbali ayadingeka ukuze kumiswa imbewu nezithelo (inombolo kanye nokubukeka futhi ezahlukene). Futhi ukuze kusukela izimbali kwakhiwa izithelo, impova kuyadingeka. Izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene (kanye - ezinye izinyoni) ukwenza umsebenzi oncomekayo nale umsebenzi. Basuke bakhangwa iphunga umbala umpe nempova. Ezinye izitshalo impova emoyeni, futhi abanye eyayenziwe - abantu. Futhi kusukela izimbali impova baye bakhiqiza izithelo nembewu ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka zilwane.